芦丁的电喷雾离子阱质谱分析

研究了芦丁在电喷雾离子阱质谱(ESI-MS)下的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。应用电喷雾离子阱质谱技术研究芦丁的结构和正、负离子扫描条件下芦丁的主要特征碎片离子及其裂解规律。芦丁在正、负离子模式下均可得到较好的质谱信息,在正离子模式下,容易与Na+形成[M+Na]+的准分子离子,并裂解形成碎片m/z 605,487,331,325,313,185等,在负离子模式下,形成[M-H]-的准分子离子,并进一步碎裂形成碎片m/z 301,283,257,255,229,227,211等。分别阐明了芦丁在正、负离子模式下的电喷雾质谱碎裂规律,并对主要特征碎片离子进行归属,为进一步芦丁的结构优化和修饰提供了有价值的依据。     

新型苯二氮卓类策划药氯地西泮异构体质谱识别

采用液相色谱高分辨质谱（LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS）和气相色谱质谱（GC-MS）技术对新型苯二氮卓类策划药2’-氯地西泮和4’-氯地西泮的碎裂途径进行研究。在LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS中,由于七元杂环的结构相较于苯环稳定性更差,2’-氯地西泮和4’-氯地西泮主要是通过七元环裂解生成特征碎片离子m/z 154。在GC-MS中,由于2’-氯地西泮和4’-氯地西泮的苯环上电子云密度显著高于七元杂环,经电子轰击后,苯环更容易发生电离。因此,2’-氯地西泮和4’-氯地西泮经电子轰击失去一分子氯自由基,形成具有苯基正离子的特征碎片离子m/z 283。由于2’-氯地西泮失去一分子氯自由基形成2’-苯基正离子,能与N4位上孤对电子相互作用形成场效应,使得正离子不易进一步发生离域。因此,2’-氯地西泮生成的碎片离子m/z 283丰度高,而生成的碎片离子m/z 282丰度相对较低。4’-氯地西泮失去一分子氯自由基形成4’-苯基正离子,由于无法与N4位上孤对电子形成场效应,使得正离子能在苯环上离域,生成的碎片离子m/z283和m/z 282的丰度基本一致,并且相对2’-氯地西泮,生成碎片离子m/...     

质谱识别新型合成苯环己哌啶类物质氟胺酮异构体

采用气相色谱质谱技术（GC-MS）和液相色谱高分辨质谱技术（LC-Q-Orbitrap/MS）对新精神活性物质2-氟胺酮、 3-氟胺酮以及4-氟胺酮的碎裂途径进行研究。GC-MS研究发现氟胺酮及其异构体易失去一分子甲胺和一分子乙基自由基,并经互变异构形成大共轭结构,易生成稳定的碎片离子m/z 164。但由于3-氟胺酮的F原子作用位点不重合,与F原子位于邻对位时相比较,稳定性下降,导致其生成的碎片离子m/z 164丰度相对低。LC-MS研究发现2-氟胺酮结构中的苯环上F原子容易与环己酮上的酮基形成分子内氢键,并且氟胺酮及其异构体经裂解失去一分子甲胺形成大共轭结构,促使氟胺酮及其异构体生成碎片离子m/z 191。由于F原子的位置不同,共轭体系的稳定性不同,使得2-氟胺酮及4-氟胺酮生成稳定的碎片离子m/z 191,而3-氟胺酮的碎片离子m/z 191进一步失去一分子水生成特征碎片离子m/z 173。上述特征碎裂方式可用于2-氟胺酮、 4-氟胺酮体与3-氟胺酮的质谱识别,也可为类似混合物中新精神活性物质异构体的快速分离鉴定提供技术支持。     

一种聚酰胺-胺型树枝状分子的电喷雾离子阱质谱分析

以己二胺为分子内核,室内合成了一类支化代数为1.0G的聚酰胺-胺型树枝状分子己二胺四丙酰胺二胺(1.0G支化物)。应用ESI-MS技术研究并表征了该支化物的分子结构与正、负离子扫描条件下的主要特征碎片离子及主要裂解途径。1.0G支化物在正、负离子模式下均可以得到较佳的质谱信息。在正离子模式下,容易与H+形成[M+H]+准分子离子,并裂解形成碎片m/z573.41,m/z 555.40,m/z 471.30,m/z 459.30,m/z 453.28,m/z 369.17,m/z357.16等。在负离子模式下丢失一个H+,形成[M-H]-准分子离子,并进一步碎裂成碎片m/z 571.43,m/z 511.29,m/z 457.20,m/z 397.05,m/z 342.99,m/z240.84等。分别阐述了1.0G支化物在正、负离子模式下的电喷雾质谱裂解规律并对主要特征碎片离子进行了结构归属,为进一步对聚酰胺-胺型树枝状分子的表征与结构指认提供了有价值的依据。     

超高效液相色谱-四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱法非靶向筛查苹果中苯脲类农药

建立了超高效液相色谱－四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱（UPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS）非靶向筛查苹果中苯脲类农药的方法。样品采用QuEChERS法提取净化,Acquity BEH C18色谱柱（100 mm × 2.1 mm,1.7 μm）分离,以甲醇和含0.1%甲酸的水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在电喷雾正离子模式下采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱进行检测。将13种苯脲类除草剂和9种苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂按化学结构分为4类。首先通过对4类22种典型苯脲类农药标准品的准分子离子和二级质谱碎片进行分析,总结苯脲类农药的质谱裂解规律如下：绿麦隆等9种苯脲类除草剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 72.044 59,可通过特征丢失中性分子二甲胺（m/z 45.058 03）产生特征离子碎片;绿谷隆等4种苯脲类除草剂可通过特征丢失中性分子甲醇［CH3OH］或卤化氢［HR1］（R=Cl,Br,F）产生离子碎片;除虫脲等7种含氟苯甲酰脲杀虫剂的主要特征离子碎片为 m/z 158.040 47、141.015 00,也可发生特征中性丢失2,6-氟苯甲酰胺结构［C8H3F2O2NH2］（m/z 183.013 21）;杀铃脲等2种含氯苯甲酰脲类杀虫剂的主要特征离子碎片为m/z 156.020 25、138.993 76、113.015 28。利用该方法对北京12份市售苹果进行非靶向筛查,在1份样品中筛查出绿麦隆。该方法可为快速筛查农产品中相似结构特征的苯脲类化合物提供参考。     

四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱分析芬太尼类药物的裂解规律北大核心CSCD

采用四极杆/静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪,在分辨率高达70000情况下,直接采集碎裂片段的高精度质荷比(m/z),并通过元素模拟得到各碎片离子的元素组成,进而探究芬太尼类药物的裂解规律。结果表明:芬太尼类药物分子结构中叔胺基团的存在,使其极易被质子化,形成分子离子峰[M+H]^(+);裂解过程首先发生在叔胺与哌啶环相连的C-N键上,即哌啶环上的γ-H重排到与叔胺基团相连的羰基氧上,哌啶环上的β-键断裂(麦氏重排),形成一个中性丢失分子,另一端形成带电荷的碎裂片段,在高碰撞能量下,碎裂片段进一步发生裂解。按照化学结构将37种芬太尼类药物及其裂解途径划分为3类:(1)结构中含有N-苯基丙酰胺基团(149 Da),均可形成以149 Da为中性丢失的特征碎片离子m/z[M+H-149 Da]^(+);(2)N-苯基丙酰胺基团被其他任意非氢原子取代,而与之相连的哌啶环-苯乙基结构保持不变,中性丢失后则可产生特征碎片离子m/z 188.1433(C_(13)H_(18)N^(+)),随后哌啶环与苯乙基进一步发生N-C键断裂,形成特征碎片离子m/z 105.0702(C_(8)H_(9)^(+))和m/z 84.0814(C_(5)H_(10)N^(+));(3)不含完整母核结构的芬太尼类药物,多由修饰后的N-苯基酰胺与哌啶环构成,不能通过上述特征碎片离子进行定性,但均能通过高碰撞能量下吡啶环及其裂解产物m/z 84.0814(C_(5)H_(10)N^(+))和m/z 54.0724(C_(3)H_(4)N^(+))进行快速鉴定。     

两种氨基酸中[MH-CO_2H_2]~ 的特征质谱碎裂

运用低能碰撞诱导解离（CID）研究了电子轰击（EI）、快原子轰击（FAB）电离条件下质子化亮氨酸与异亮氨酸解高产生亚稳离子［MH－CO2H2］＋的单分子质谱碎裂，二种异构体呈现出了各自不同的解离特征，根据CID的特征碎片离子和氘代同位素标记实验，提出了其碎裂过程存在离子／中性（碎片）复合物中间体碎裂机理，并对有关的特征离子的形成进行了讨论．     

手性酰氯探针对于盐酸兰地洛尔及其立体异构体识别的质谱研究

采用质谱技术,利用手性探针酰氯对盐酸兰地洛尔及其3个立体异构体进行了区分识别研究。本研究采用了两个手性酰氯探针N-对甲苯磺酰基-L-苯丙氨酰氯(TSPC)和(-)-莰烷酰氯与盐酸兰地洛尔反应产生共价结合产物,放大了盐酸兰地洛尔与其立体异构体的结构差异。在二级串联质谱实验中,与手性酰氯探针结合的产物容易丢失羟基产生碎片离子m/z 793和672,在不同构型的产物离子所产生的丢失水分子的碎片离子的丰度具有一定差异,(-)-莰烷酰氯衍生化产物的碎片离子m/z 603由于立体结构差异,导致稳定性不同,使得不同构型的碎片离子丰度产生差异,可通过比较药物和异构体杂质在二级质谱中特征碎片离子丰度的差异,实现盐酸兰地洛尔及其立体异构体的有效区分识别。所有碎片的元素组成都经过高分辨质谱进行确证。本研究通过质谱法对于盐酸兰地洛尔及其立体异构体进行快速、简单的区分识别,为盐酸兰地洛尔立体异构体杂质的质谱分析相关研究提供数据支持。     

若干糖苷类化合物的负离子化学电离质谱研究

本文报道苦玄参苷类(picfeltarraenins)(1～5)、膜荚黄芪苷类(astramembrannins)(6～8)、雪胆素苷类(hemsamabilinins)(9,10)及其O-乙酰衍生物(11,12)和洋地黄毒苷(digitoxin)(13)的负离子化学电离质谱.用甲烷和二氯甲烷作为混合反应气,获得了满意的结果.谱中有特征的M~(?)或[M-1]~-,[M+Cl]~-和一系列脱糖基的碎片离子[M+Cl-nR]~-(R为不同类型的糖基)及糖基碎片离子[R+Cl]~-.乙酰化的糖苷还给出[M+Cl-nCH_2CO]~-或[M+Cl-nCH_3COOH]~-等碎片离子.     

二氢吡咯并噁嗪酮类化合物的EI质谱及其解析

总结和归属了(1H)＿3,4＿二氢吡咯［2,1＿c］［1,4］嗪＿1＿酮及其6个苯甲酰基衍生物和两个苯乙酰基衍生物在电子轰击电离质谱(EIMS)中的主要裂解方式和特征,指明了主要碎片离子的来源和结构。这8个芳酰基衍生物质谱图中的主要碎片峰均来自α＿裂解和脱中性小分子碎片的重排裂解,由其产生的m／z164、m／z120和m／z92离子是该类化合物共同的特征离子;二氢吡咯嗪酮苯甲酰基衍生物和苯乙酰基衍生物的基峰都为m／z164。     

Characterization of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for N-diisopropyloxyphosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters

A systematic study of the fragmentation pattern of N-diisopropyloxyphosphoryl (DIPP) dipeptide methyl esters in an electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was presented. A combination of accurate mass measurement and tandem mass spectrometry had been used to characterize the major fragment ions observed in the ESI mass spectrum. It was found that the alkali metal ions acted as a fixed charge site and expelled the DIPP group after transferring a proton to the amide nitrogen. For all the N-phosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters, under the activation of a metal ion, the rearrangement product ion at m/z 163 was observed and confirmed to be the sodium adduct of phosphoric acid mono-isopropyl esters (PAIE), via a specific five-membered penta-co-ordinated phosphorus intermediate. However, no rearrangement ion was observed when a beta-amino acid was at the N-terminal. This could be used to develop a novel method for differentiating isomeric compounds when either alpha- or beta-amino acid are at the N-terminus of peptides. From the [M+Na]+ ESI-MS/MS spectra of N-phosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters (DIPP Xaa1 Xaa2 OMe), the peaks corresponding to the [M+Na Xaa1 C3H6]+ were observed and explained. The [M+Na]+ ESI-MS/MS spectra of N-phosphoryl dipeptide methyl esters with Phe located in the C-terminal, such as DIPPValPheOMe, DIPPLeuPheOMe, DIPPIlePheOMe, DIPPAlaPheOMe and DIPPPhePheOMe, had characteristic fragmentation. Two unusual gas-phase intramolecular rearrangement mechanisms were first proposed for this fragmentation. These rearrangements were not observed in dipeptide methyl ester analogs which did not contain the DIPP at the N-terminal, suggesting that this moiety was critical for the rearrangement.     

Characterization and identification of steroidal alkaloids in the Chinese herb Veratrum nigrum L. by high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization with multi-stage mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionization multi-stage mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) was performed to study the fragmentation behaviour of seventeen steroidal alkaloids (4 protoverine-type alkaloids, 10 germine-type alkaloids and 3 zygadenin-type alkaloids) from the Chinese herb Veratrum nigrum L. The MS(n) spectra of the [M+H](+) ions for steroidal alkaloids provided a wealth of structural information on the substituted groups. In positive ion mode, the three types of alkaloids showed very different characteristic ions: m/z 436 or 418 for protoverine-type alkaloids; m/z 438, 420 or 402 for germine-type alkaloids; m/z 440 or 422 for zygadenin-type alkaloids. These fragments were used to deduce their mass spectral fragmentation mechanisms. Furthermore, the primary compounds in methanolic extracts of the herb of Veratrum nigrum L. were investigated by using liquid chromatography (LC)/ESI-MS(n). As a result, 21 steroidal alkaloids (5 protoverine-type alkaloids, 14 germine-type alkaloids and 2 zygadenin-type alkaloids) were selectively identified from 27 determined peaks. Eleven compounds were unambiguously identified by comparing with standard compounds and ten compounds were tentatively identified or deduced according to their MS(n) data. Two of these compounds (xingangermine and deacetyl xinganveratrine) were found to be novel steroidal alkaloids. In addition, the chemical structures of two pairs of steroidal alkaloid isomers were deduced by comparing their fragment ions. Given the important structural information of known and unknown steroidal alkaloids in crude herbal extracts, this study is useful for identifying these types of steroidal alkaloids in crude materials rapidly and selectively.     

Characterisation of nicotine and related compounds using electrospray ionisation with ion trap mass spectrometry and with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and their detection by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry

Electrospray ionisation ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-MS(n)) has been used to study the fragmentation patterns of nicotine and nine of its related compounds. From this study certain characteristic fragmentations are apparent with generally the pyrrolidine or piperidine ring being subject to chemical modifications. The structures of the product ions proposed for the ESI-MS(n) study have been supported by results from electrospray ionisation quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QTOF-MS). Compounds with pyrrolidine and piperidine rings that possess an unsubstituted N atom have been shown to lose NH(3) at the MS(2) stage. Those compounds with N-methyl groups lose CH(3)NH(2) at the MS(2) stage. The loss of NH(3) or CH(3)NH(2) leaves the corresponding rings opened and this is followed by ring closure at the pyridine-2 carbon atom. Mono-N-oxides fragment in a similar way but the di-N-oxide can also fragment by cleavage of the bond between the pyridine and pyrrolidine rings. Cotinine also can undergo cleavage of this bond between the rings.This data therefore provides useful information on how substituents and the nature of the non-pyridine ring can affect the fragmentation patterns of nicotine and its related compounds. This information can be used in the characterisation of these compounds by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (LC/ESI-MS) which results in the separation of nicotine and its related compounds with limits of detection (LODs) ranging from 15 to 105 ng/mL. The use of LC/ESI-MS to study nicotine-containing samples resulted in the simultaneous and unambiguous identification of seven of the compounds discussed in this paper: cotinine identified at retention time 12.5 min (with its [M+H](+) ion at m/z 177), nornicotine 16.0 min (m/z 149), anatabine 18.0 min (m/z 161), myosmine 18.5 min (m/z 147), anabasine 20.4 min (m/z 163), nicotine 22.2 min (m/z 163), and nicotyrine 31.4 min (m/z 159). For quality control of nicotine replacement therapy products, these nicotine impurities can be readily identified and determined at levels up to 0.3% for single impurities and up to 1.0% for total impurities.     

Positive-ion ESI mass spectrometry of regioisomeric nonreducing oligosaccharide fatty acid monoesters: in-source fragmentation of sodium adducts

Structural characterization and differentiation of a novel group of regioisomeric monolaurate esters of the nonreducing trisaccharides raffinose and melezitose, and the nonreducing tetrasaccharide stachyose has been obtained using positive electrospray ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry with in-source fragmentation. The surfactant nature and high polarity of these compounds make them appropriate analytes for being studied by conventional ESI-MS. The position of the acyl chain in each particular regioisomer has been used as a reporter group that allows unambiguous rationalization of the fragmentation routes of the corresponding natriated molecular ions [M + Na](+). In all cases, the main fragment ions were produced through cleavage of the glycosidic bond involving two anomeric carbons, the C-1' and C-2' of the alpha-D-Glcp-(1-2)-beta-D-Fruf bond, and it was observed that sodium cation retention occurred on the heavier mass fragment of the two formed fragments, (e.g. di- or trisaccharide type vs monosaccharide type). Our results may help to better understand the fragmentation behavior of nonreducing oligosaccharides (as sodium adducts) in positive ESI mass spectrometry.     

Characterization of sodiated glycerol phosphatidylcholine phospholipids by mass spectrometry

Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry in the positive mode was used for the characterization of sodiated glycerol phosphatidylcholines. The relative abundance (RA) of the protonated species is similar to the RA of the sodiated molecular species. The sodiated fragment ion, [M + Na - 59](+), corresponding to the loss of trimethylamine, and other sodiated fragment ions, were also observed. The decomposition of the sodiated molecule is very similar for all the studied glycerol phosphatidylcholines, in which the most abundant ion corresponds to a neutral loss of 59 Da. Upon collision-induced dissociation (CID) of the [M + Na](+) ion informative ions are formed by the losses of the fatty acids in the sn-1 and sn-2 positions. Other major fragment ions of the sodiated molecule result from loss of non-sodiated and sodiated choline phosphate, [M + Na - 183](+), [M + Na - 184](+.) and [M + Na - 205](+), respectively. The main CID fragmentation pathway of the [M + Na - 59](+) ion yields the [M + Na - 183](+) ion, also observed in the CID spectra of the [M + Na](+) molecular ion. Other major fragment ions are [M + Na - 205](+) and the fragment ion at m/z 147. Collisional activation of [M + Na - 205](+) results in charge site remote fragmentation of both fatty acid alkyl chains. The terminal ions of these series of charge remote fragmentations result from loss of part of the R(1) or R(2) alkyl chain. Other major informative ions correspond to acylium ions.     

几种4-氨基吡啶衍生物的多级质谱裂解途径

为获得高效的海洋生物毒素河豚毒素(TTX)解毒剂,合成了一系列4-氨基吡啶类衍生物N-二异丙基磷酰化氨基酸-N-4-氨基吡啶;研究了N-二异丙基磷酰化氨基酸-N-4-氨基吡啶的多级质谱(ESI-MS/MS)裂解方式;提出了碎片离子m/z=95的裂解途径,并推测了其重排机理.结果表明,该类化合物具有相同分子量的碎片离子c/c′,是由两种母离子a或b离子裂解得到的.通过在吡啶环上引入氯原子可证实该裂解途径;而碎片离子m/z=95源于离子重排.     

CS2 +多光子光解产生CS+的动力学研究

The dynamics on the multi-photon dissociation of CS2+ molecular ions to produce CS + ions has been investigated by measuring the CS + photofragment excitation（PHOFEX）spectrum in the wavelength range of 385～435 nm,where the CS2+ molecular ions were prepared purely by［3+1］multiphoton ionization of the neutral CS2molecules at 483.2 nm. With the ～60 ns delay,which is much more than the laser pulse width（～5 ns）,between ionization laser and dissociation laser,the threshold wavelength of dissociation laser to produce CS+ fragment ion from CS2+ molecular ions was obviously observed in the PHOFEX spectrum. The adiabatic appearance potential of the CS+ was determined to be（5.852 ± 0.005）eV above the X 2Σg,3/2（0,0,0）level of CS2+. The product branching ratios,（CS+/S+）,as measured from the PHOFEX spectra,increase from 0 to slightly larger than 1 in the wavenumber range of 47200～50400 cm-1 . The［1+1］dissociation mechanism to get to CS++S from CS2+ was discussed and preliminarily attributed to（i）CS2+（X 2Πg）→ CS2+（A2Πu）through one-photon excitation,（ii）CS2+（A2Πu）→ CS2+（X*）via internal conversion process due to the vibronic coupling between the A and X states,（iii）CS2+（X*）→ CS2+（B 2Σ+u）through the second photon excitation,and（iv）CS2+（B 2Σ+u）→CS +（X 2Σ+）+S（3P）,because of the potential curve crossing with the repulsive 4Σ- state and/or the 2Σ- state correlated with the second dissociation limit. However,when the dissociation laser overlaps the ionization laser in time scale in the laser-molecule interaction zone,the appearance threshold is not available in the PHOFEX spectrum. This fact shows that there are other mixed three-photon paths of［1+1+1'］,［1+1'+1'］,and［1+1'+1］to produce CS+ fragment ion from CS2+ molecular ions besides the above［1+1］dissociation mechanism,that is,CS2+（X 2Πg）→ CS2+（A 2Πu）through one-photon excitation［1］of dissociation laser,CS2+（A 2Πu）→CS2+（X*）via internal conversion process due to the vibronic coupling between the A and X states,CS2+（X*）→ CS2+（B 2Σ +u）through the second photon excitation by dissociation laser［1］or ionization laser［1'］,and third photon excitation by ionization laser［1'］or dissociation laser［1］to reach the adiabatic appearance potential to produce CS+ with the dissociation laser wavelengths longer than 423. 89 nm,at which the［1+1］dissociation mechanism to get to CS+ is unavailable.     

Electrospray tandem mass spectrometry of underivatised acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides

Acetylated neutral (Xyl(n)Ac(m)) and acidic xylo-oligosaccharides (Xyl(n)Ac(m)MeGlcA, and Xyl(n)Ac(m)MeGlcAHex) obtained by partial acid hydrolysis of Eucalyptus globulus wood glucuronoxylans and fractionated by preparative ligand exchange/size-exclusion chromatography were identified by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Low molecular weight acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides were studied by ESI-tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). All the acetylated xylo-oligosaccharides showed an abundant ion due to the neutral loss of 60 Da (CH(3)CO(2)H) in the MS/MS spectra. The presence of diacetylated xylo-oligosaccharides was confirmed by the ions formed by loss of two molecules of acetic acid. Furthermore, characteristic [Xyl(res)Ac(2)+Na](+) and [XylAc(2)+Na](+) ions, and ions due to loss of XylAc(2), indicate that both acetyl groups are located in the same Xyl residue. On the other hand, losses of Xyl(res)Ac and XylAc are also observed as well as [Xyl(res)Ac+Na](+) and [XylAc+Na](+) , indicating the location of both acetyl groups in different Xyl residues, in some cases even in adjacent xyloses. The MS/MS spectra of triacetylated xylo-oligosaccharides were complex due to the presence of different isobaric xylo-oligosaccharides containing the acetyl groups at different locations in the xylo-oligosaccharide backbone. In the MS/MS spectra of acidic xylo-oligosaccharides, the ion at m/z 387, [Xyl(res)AcMeGlcA+Na](+), indicates that the acetyl groups are preferentially linked to Xyl substituted with MeGlcA. However, acidic xylo-oligosaccharides with the acetyl and 4-O-methylglucuronic acid groups in different Xyl residues were also identified. In neutral and in acidic xylo-oligosaccharides several possible locations of the acetyl groups were identified, namely at terminal positions. In summary, ESI-MS/MS is shown to be a powerful tool for the characterisation of acetylated patterns in complex mixtures of oligosaccharides.     

高效液相色谱法测定金属配合物｛Fe［3-(2-吡啶基)-5,6-二苯基-1,2,4-三嗪］3｝2+两种几何异构体的动力学转变

通过高效液相色谱法研究了3-(2-吡啶基)-5,6-二苯基-1,2,4-三嗪(PDT)和Fe(Ⅱ)的配合物［Fe(PDT)3］2+的面式和经式两种几何异构体之间的动力学平衡过程。结果表明:不同温度(30,35,40,45 ℃)下,两种几何异构体含量(x)之间的相互转变均符合动力学一级反应,其xeln［(xe-x0)/(xe-x)］值和反应时间t(min)之间的关系分别为:xeln［(xe-x0)/(xe-x)］=0.082t+0.729 (r2=0.9911,T=45 ℃),xeln［(xe-x0)/(xe-x)］=0.049t+0.598 (r2=0.9987,T=40 ℃),xeln［(xe-x0)/(xe-x)］=0.022t+0.586 (r2=0.9987,T=35 ℃),xeln［(xe-x0)/(xe-x)］=0.012t+0.591(r2=0.9988,T=30 ℃)。两种异构体之间的动力学相互转变过程中的活化焓(ΔH)、活化熵(ΔS)和活化能(ΔEa)分别为:ΔH=103.84 kJ·mol-1,ΔS=271.93 J·mol-1·K-1,ΔEa=86.74 kJ·mol-1 (面式异构体向经式异构体转变);ΔH=106.47 kJ·mol-1,ΔS=257.65 J·mol-1·K-1,ΔEa=94.43 kJ·mol-1 (经式异构体向面式异构体转变)。     

Solid-phase synthesis of alpha-glucosamine sulfoforms with fragmentation analysis by tandem mass spectrometry

Sulfated epitopes of alpha-glucosamine (GlcN sulfoforms) were prepared by solid-phase synthesis as models of internal glucosamines within heparan sulfate. An orthogonally protected 2'-hydroxyethyl GlcN derivative was immobilized on a trityl resin support and subjected to regioselective deprotection and sulfonation conditions, which were optimized with the aid of on-resin infrared or Raman analysis. The sulfoforms were cleaved from the resin under mild Lewis acid conditions without affecting the O- or N-sulfate groups and purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The alpha-GlcN sulfoforms and their 4- O-benzyl ethers were examined by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS/MS), with product ion spectra produced by collision-induced dissociation (CID). ESI-MS/MS revealed significant differences in parent ion stabilities and fragmentation rates as a function of sulfate position. Ion fragmentation by CID resulted in characteristic mass losses with strong correlation to the positions of both free hydroxyl groups and sulfate ions. Most of these fragmentation patterns are consonant with elimination pathways, and suggest possible strategies for elucidating the structures of glucosamine-derived sulfoforms with identical m/ z ratios. In particular, fragmentation analysis can easily distinguish GlcN sulfoforms bearing the relatively rare 3- O-sulfate from isomers with the more common 6- O-sulfate.