一种用于预失真线性化器的宽带匹配技术

由于放大链路的增益波动以及不同频点之间非线性特性的差异,预失真器难以在不同的频点同时实现非线性特性匹配,即令整个频带内不同频点的线性度指标同时满足要求。由于预失真器和放大器之间的非线性失配,放大器在某些频点的非线性特性还会恶化。本文从线性化器与预失真器的宽带匹配出发,讨论了预失真线性化器与行波管放大器宽带匹配的条件以及非线性失配所带来的影响,当增益失配误差不大于1 dB时,在行波管放大器自身的三阶交调值不大于40 dB的非线性动态范围内,三阶交调下降幅度最大值为4.1 dB;通过采用级联增益补偿电路的方式,降低链路增益波动,实现预失真器和放大器的非线性匹配,真正拓展预失真线性化器的工作带宽。     

阵列指向性二次型约束稳健波束形成算法

提出了一种基于阵列指向性二次型约束的优化算法,以提高最小方差无畸变响应(MVDR)波束形成对方向矢量的稳健性。通过控制阵列波束指向附近的小区域的自适应波束图与期望波束图的加权平方误差,使波束主瓣区域内的信号畸变最小,同时保持了对约束区间外的干扰信号的抑制能力。数值结果表明:在理想阵形和阵形畸变情况下,无方位失配时,利用本文算法的阵列输出信号与干扰噪声比(SINR)与新近出现的球面约束稳健Capon方法相当,而存在方位失配时,本文算法均优于后者。     

基于微分几何理论的参数失配系统时空同步研究

本文采用状态反馈精确线性化方法,实现了参数失配系统的时空同步控制. 引入微分几何理论,首先采用李导数判定了参数失配系统的仿射模型是否满足状态精确线性化的充要条件,通过非线性坐标变换得到了其线性解耦系统,并结合线性最优控制理论确定了同步控制律,数值仿真证实了该控制方法的有效性,从非线性控制角度探索了混沌系统时空同步的新方法. 关键词： 时空同步 微分几何 精确线性化 参数失配     

基于遗传算法的三元复合宽带波片设计

提出在三元复合宽带波片设计中,采用遗传算法在特定入射光频率范围内对复合波片系统的相位延迟误差和等效快轴方向夹角误差进行全局优化,并采用蒙特卡洛方法,通过程序仿真分析在晶体加工过程中尺寸公差对消色差性能的影响.结果表明,设计出的红外复合宽带波片在晶体厚度和方位角公差分别为1μm和0.5°时具有很好的消色差性能.     

高精度环形谱仪等时性模式的闭轨校正模拟

高精度环形谱仪（SRing）是HIAF装置的重要组成部分,闭轨校正设计是该同步加速器设计的关键部分。由于等时性模式（γ_t=1.43）线性光学水平β函数很大,磁铁场误差及安装误差会引起较大的闭轨畸变,并导致线性光学发生变化。模拟过程采用奇异值分解（SVD）算法,通过多次计算响应矩阵并计算校正铁校正量实现闭轨校正。同时考虑BPM误差的影响,并通过减少特征值使用个数降低校正铁校正量。校正后全环最大闭轨小于0.8 mm,线性光学也得到明显优化。     

基于非对称模型的变电所数据融合误差优化研究

牵引变电所作为电力系统中实现变换电能的场所,给电力机车提供稳定可靠的电能。由于机车具有非线性运载特点,在吸收电网电流的同时也在输入谐波电流,引起电网干扰波动和噪声误差、电压畸变等现象,对供电系统安全构成威胁。本文通过建立变电所三相匹配与失配模型,利用自适应数据融合算法仿真检测控制误差的效果和优化误差的最佳方案,合理控制参数的状态和优化参数的规律。结果表明数据融合可以解决局部电网误差波动电流超标和电压畸变,在保障供电质量和电网安全方面效果显著。     

基于Pareto优化理论的多目标超椭梯度线圈设计

磁共振系统梯度线圈设计是一个多目标优化问题,在设计时需要综合考虑能耗、磁场能、线性度等设计要求.这些设计要求通常难以同时获得极小解,因此在设计梯度线圈时需要权衡线圈的各方面的设计需求.本文基于柱面可展性和流函数设计方法,结合Pareto优化方法实现了在超椭圆柱设计表面上梯度线圈的多目标设计.分别分析了磁场能、能耗目标对梯度线圈线性度、线圈构型的影响;并在Pareto解空间中分析各目标的相互变化关系,通过数值算例验证了该方法在超椭梯度线圈设计时的有效性与灵活性.优化结果显示,在满足线性度误差小于5%,能耗与磁场能分别小于用户设定值的设计约束下,梯度线圈的多目标设计存在多个局部优化解.该方法可以直观地比较相同目标函数值的情况下各单目标的具体表现,有利于实现不同的设计要求下梯度线圈的最终定型设计.     

一种单目视觉位姿测量系统的误差分析方法

针对单目视觉位姿测量传统误差分析方法中只考虑单一误差因素，分析结果与工程实际有较大差异的问题，提出一种考虑多误差因素共同作用的误差分析方法。根据单目视觉系统的测量范围和相机参数建立其位姿测量模型；综合考虑相机内参、镜头畸变、图像点、靶标三维点等误差因素，将其同时引入位姿测量模型进行分析；分析抑制不同参数误差及提高相机分辨率等在多误差因素共同作用下对位姿测量结果的影响，找到最有效的精度优化方法。采用小型机械臂手眼定位中的单目视觉位姿测量系统进行实验，结果表明通过抑制相机径向畸变误差和提高相机分辨率，能够有效地提升该系统的位姿测量精度，位姿精度分别提升6.57%、4.21%和5.88%、5.54%。     

基于环境扰动的线性匹配场处理方法

匹配场处理面临的挑战主要是拷贝场失配。常规线性匹配场处理方法虽然对失配较宽容,但旁瓣较高,定位正确率依赖于失配的程度,且很容易受到强干扰的影响而失效。自适应匹配场处理可以获得较高的定位精度和旁瓣抑制性能,但环境参数失配、距离／深度空间欠采样、基阵及环境的波动所造成的误差等因素,均会导致其性能严重下降。环境扰动约束可提高自适应匹配场处理器的稳健性,基于这种思想,提出了基于环境扰动的线性匹配场处理方法,它不仅在环境失配的条件下比常规线性方法的定位正确率更高,而且在阵列采样数据存在幅度与相位随机误差的条件下,比自适应匹配场方法的稳健性更强．针对环境失配条件下的强干扰问题,还提出了一种线性匹配场干扰抑制算法,可有效地抑制水面干扰。典型浅海环境下的数值仿真和实测数据分析验证了方法的有效性．     

晶体相场法模拟异质外延过程中界面形态演化与晶向倾侧

采用晶体相场模型研究了异质外延过程中失配应变与应力弛豫对外延层界面形态演化的影响, 并对由衬底倾角引起的外延层晶向倾侧进行了分析.研究结果表明: 在有一定倾角的衬底晶体上进行外延生长时,若衬底和外延层之间失配度较大 (ε>0.08),外延层中弹性畸变能会以失配位错的形式释放, 最终薄膜以稳定的流动台阶形式生长且外延层的晶向倾角与衬底倾角呈近似线性关系. 而当衬底和外延层之间失配度较小(ε<0.04)不足以形成失配位错时, 外延层中弹性畸变能会以表面能的形式释放,最终使薄膜以岛状形态生长. 在高过冷度条件下,衬底倾角和失配度较大时,衬底和外延层之间会形成由大量位错规则排列而成的小角度晶界从而显著改变外延层的生长位向.     

Character analysis of slow light with communication waveband in fiber optical parametric amplifier

The comprehensive characters of delay time and delay bandwidth with distortion, signal wavelength dependence and delay bandwidth product in fiber optical parametric amplifier are investigated theoretically when the pump locates at anomalous dispersion region. The delay character of single pulse, data stream with certain bit pattern and pseudo random data stream are analyzed comprehensively. In this category of fiber optical parametric amplifier, the delay time and delay bandwidth product vary from signal wavelengths and bit rates. For the same nonlinear coefficient, pump power and fiber length, the diverse dependences of bit pattern in different signal wavelengths are found by numerical simulation. The impacts of pump power and fiber length on the delay character and distortion are also discussed. These relations are conductive to the design of slow light based on fiber optical parametric amplifier in telecommunication waveband.     

Improved linearity performance of AlGaN/GaN MISHFET over conventional HFETs: An optimization study for wireless infrastructure applications

In this work an extensive study on the linearity distortion behaviour of AlGaN/GaN MISHFET is performed and compared with those of conventional HFET structures. The contribution of higher order terms in a Taylor series expansion of small signal drain current is considered by evaluating higher order transconductance coefficients. Linearity figures of merit such as input intercept power, intermodulation distortion and other higher order harmonics have been investigated for both the structures. The impact of gate biasing on the linearity is also examined. The influence of critical technology parameters such as gate length, doping density, dopant layer thickness and gate insulator thickness is investigated to optimize the MISHFET structure for better linearity characteristics. Improved linearity performance has been observed for insulated gate structure proving its superiority over conventional HFETs for RF wireless and low noise applications. The results obtained reveal that by careful optimization of technology parameters, a suitably designed MISHFET architecture is more linear than its conventional counterparts.     

矢量泰勒级数特征补偿的说话人识别

将矢量泰勒级数(Vector Taylor Series,VTS)特征补偿算法应用于说话人识别,给出了卷积噪声方差的近似闭式解,构建了联合快速估计卷积噪声和加性噪声均值和方差的框架。该算法可在无需失配环境先验信息的前提下,直接从失配语音中估计出卷积噪声和加性噪声的均值和方差,实现对环境失配的补偿。实验结果表明,在信道变化较大的无线信道下,卷积噪声方差的补偿最高可降低误识率3.24%.提升了系统的识别性能。在存在加性噪声的无线信道下,与基于线性失真模型的特征映射算法和倒谱均值减算法相比,本文算法可分别最大降低49.65%和68.06%的误识率,适合于信道变化较大的失配环境补偿。      

基于高非线性光纤的增益谱平坦拉曼光纤放大器研究

针对光纤通信中密集波分复用系统各信道的在线平坦光放大这一光通信问题,提出利用级联高非线性光纤来设计增益平坦的拉曼光纤放大器。对高非线性光纤(As S光纤)拉曼增益谱前后沿进行线性拟合处理,利用不同波长泵浦抽运同种光纤,实现前放大后增益补偿,并考虑信号光损耗不同,在输出端得到了一个近似固定的功率输出值,并分析了影响拉曼光纤放大器输出特性的因素。模拟结果表明:平均增益为20.45 dB,增益平坦度为0.15 dB。     

基于时延估计的分裂阵时域波束形成技术

大孔径拖曳线列阵受舰艇横向机动、洋流影响和水动力影响时会产生一定的阵形畸变,阵形畸变使得波束形成时阵列流型失配,进而降低了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。在无法进行阵形估计时,基于时延估计的分裂阵时域波束形成技术将大孔径拖曳线阵分为左右两个子阵分别做波束形成,通过加权广义相关时延估计算法估算对应波束的时延差,再依据估算时延差对左右两个波束进行延时求和得到最终的波束信号。仿真和海试数据证明,相对于全阵直接做波束形成的方法,基于时延估计的分裂阵的时域波束形成技术有效提高了目标方位分辨率和阵处理的增益。     

Nonlinear distortion generated by semiconductor optical amplifier boosters in analog optical systems

Closed-form theoretical expressions for the second- and third-order harmonic distortions generated by a semi-conductor optical amplifier (SOA) operating under slight saturation conditions are derived for what is believed to be the first time. The distortion results provided by these expressions agree very well with those obtained by means of simulation and experiments, showing that one should carefully adjust the optical power launched into the SOA to obtain both the good linearity and high dynamic range required by analog optical systems.     

Theory of noise in a kilo-Hz cascaded high-energy Yb-doped nanosecond pulsed fiber amplifier

A theoretical analysis of noise in a high-power cascaded fiber amplifier is presented. Unlike the noise theory in low power communication, the noise of a high power system is redefined as the leaked output energy between pulses with coherent beat noise uncounted. This definition is more appropriate for high power usage in which the pulse energy receives more attention than the pulse shape integrity. Then the low power pre-amplifying stages are considered as linear amplification and analyzed by linear theory. In the high-power amplification stages, the inversion is assumed to recover linearly in the time interval between pulses. The time shape of the output pulse is different from that of the input signal because of different gains at the front and back ends of the pulse. Then, a criterion is provided to distinguish the nonlinear and linear amplifications based on the signal-to-noise ratio （SNR） analysis. Then, an experiment that shows that the output SNR actually drops off in nonlinear amplification is performed. The change in the noise factor can be well evaluated by pulse shape distortion.     

Wavelet modulation: An alternative modulation with low energy consumption

This paper presents wavelet modulation, based on the discrete wavelet transform, as an alternative modulation with low energy consumption. The transmitted signal has low envelope variations, which induces a good efficiency for the power amplifier. Wavelet modulation is analyzed and compared for different wavelet families with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in terms of peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), power spectral density (PSD) properties, and the impact of the power amplifier on the spectral regrowth. The performance in terms of bit error rate and complexity of implementation are also evaluated, and several trade-offs are characterized.     

典型音频放大电路的电源电磁干扰效应研究

选取一种典型的音频功率放大电路,采用直接功率注入法研究了音频功放电源的电磁干扰效应。分析了电路的电磁干扰耦合机理,设计了基于直接功率注入法的电源电磁干扰测试平台,测试得到0.1~1 GHz电磁干扰对音频放大电路直流电源的干扰效果数据,得出临界失真、典型失真和完全失真三种状态下的功率阈值与干扰频率规律曲线。结果表明:测试频段内,三种失真状态下的失真功率阈值随频率的变化关系一致,失真功率阈值相差约2 dBm。当注入干扰的频率较低时(100~300 MHz),失真功率阈值较高,且随频率增大近似以幂函数趋势下降;当注入干扰频率高于300 MHz时,失真功率阈值随频率增大呈减幅振荡趋势。