Tunable slow and fast light with large bandwidth in the band-edge of gain spectrum of the wide band fiber optical parametric amplifier

We propose a novel method theoretically to generate the slow and fast light with large bandwidth and low gains, which is based on the parametric process in fiber. In our scheme, the wide band fiber optical parametric amplifier is employed and the whole signal bandwidth should be located at a certain frequency range of the band-edge of gain spectrum, and then signal waves will be delayed or advanced with low signal gains because of the peculiar feature of signal gain and phase shift. By changing the pump power, the delay time is continuously-tunable optically. The ultimate delay bandwidth and the delay bandwidth product are constrained by the shape of time delay spectrum. Our simulation verifies that 22.4 ps delay or advanced time for the bandwidth of 10 GHz with little distortion can be obtained at certain wavelengths in the optical communication waveband, and their gains are nearly zero. The tunable range is from 0 ps to 22.4 ps for the signal bandwidth of 10 GHz, and it is from 0 ps to 15.6 ps for the bandwidth of 15 GHz. This type of slow and fast light in wide band FOPA has the potential capability to produce the tunable slow and fast light for large bandwidth with low signal gains in future.     

饱和放大情形下光纤参量放大器的增益和带宽特性研究

利用龙格库塔法数值求解非线性耦合方程,研究了单抽运光纤参量放大器在增益饱和区的增益谱特性.通过比较考虑抽运光损耗与忽略抽运光损耗增益谱的差别,分析了抽运光损耗对增益谱的影响.此外,给出了在饱和放大区,信号光的增益谱与光纤长度、输入信号光功率、抽运光波长与零色散波长偏离之间的关系.发现在饱和放大区,增益的整体水平有所下降,增益谱的可用带宽相对于小信号放大有所减少,增益谱在可用带宽范围内出现了旁瓣.这些结果将对工作在饱和放大区的单抽运光参量放大器的设计提供有益的帮助.     

Optimized design of two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier and its noise characteristics

In the paper, based on the pump depleted model of two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA), the simulations are done to indicate the effect of amplifier parameters on gain characteristics, such as the input signal power, the wavelength separation between the two pumps, the fiber length, the nonlinear coefficient and the fourth-order dispersion of fiber. By optimizing the amplifier parameters, when FOPA attains low gain-saturation, the FOPA has a higher gain, a broader flat gain bandwidth and a lower noise figure. However, with the enhancement of gain-saturation the parametric gain decreases, the flat gain bandwidth becomes narrow and the noise figure also increases.     

双抽运光纤光参变放大的全光多波长变换与码型转换

利用强度调制的数据信号光作为一路抽运光,与另一路直流或者正弦强度调制抽运光组合可以在双抽运光纤光参变放大过程中实现全光多波长变换或者在全光多波长变换的同时实现码型转换.理论上,从信号增益的角度分析了波长转换与码型转换的原理.实验上演示了2.5Gb/s的非归零(NRZ)码信号的全光多波长转换与到归零(RZ)码信号的转换.多波长转换实验表明:双抽运条件下的光参变过程可以实现多波长转换并得到正、反码的输出,还同时对信号有一定的再生作用.码型转换后信号的占空比为30%,消光比也得到提高.     

光纤参变放大器光纤长度的优化设计

随着高输出功率掺铒光纤放大器和高非线性光纤的出现和使用,光纤参变放大器(OPAs)中出现了越来越多的增益饱和现象,这是光放大器中应该尽量避免的。对此,提出了依据光纤参变放大器的光纤非线性系数、抽运光功率、信号输入功率等参量对光纤长度进行优化设计的解决思路。明确提出最佳光纤长度的概念,即在其他参量一定的情况下使信号增益或信号输出功率达到最大所需的最小光纤长度,而且最佳光纤长度有利于提高光纤参变放大的增益带宽和波长转换带宽。通过数值积分求解描述光纤参变放大过程的非线性耦合方程,并运用控制变量法深入研究了最佳光纤长度与光纤非线性系数、抽运光功率、信号输入功率的关系。最后用最小二乘法进行数据拟合确定系数,得到简洁、实用的最佳光纤长度解析表达式。与已有实验结果比较表明,该解析式可很好地用来计算和优化光纤参变放大的光纤长度。     

Flat and ultra-broadband two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifiers based on photonic crystal fibers

A two-pump fiber optical parametric amplifier (FOPA) based on the photonic crystal fiber (PCF) in the telecommunication region is investigated numerically. The fiber loss and pump depletion are considered. The influences of the fiber length, input signal power, input pump power, and the center pump wavelength on the gain bandwidth, flatness, and peak gain are discussed. The 6-wave model-based analysis of two-pump FOPA is also achieved and compared with that based on the 4-wave model; furthermore, the gain properties of the FOPA based on the 6-wave model are optimized and investigated. The comparison results show that the PCF-based two-pump FOPA achieves flatter and wider gain spectra with less fiber length and input pump power compared to the two-pump FOPA based on the normal highly nonlinear fiber, where the obtained results show the great potential of the FOPA for the optical communication system.     

Pulsed degenerate optical parametric oscillator based on a nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer

We report operation of an all-fiber degenerate optical parametric oscillator that employs a nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer as a parametric amplifier. Synchronous pumping with 3.9-ps pulses at 1544 nm yields 0.83-ps output pulses. The wide bandwidth of the fiber parametric amplifier causes the oscillator to act as a pulse compressor. The output signal pulses exhibit improved spectral symmetry and a reduced time-bandwidth product compared with the pump pulses. Currently, the net group-velocity dispersion in the passive section of the fiber cavity limits the signal-pulse bandwidth and hence the minimum-obtainable pulse width. This experiment suggests the possibility of frequency conversion by operation of a similar pulsed parametric oscillator away from degeneracy.     

双泵浦光子晶体光纤参量放大研究

利用光子晶体光纤在不同零色散波长附近具有不同色散的特性，研究了在零色散波长为780 nm和1550 nm附近的双泵浦光子晶体光纤参量放大过程.在780 nm附近，讨论了零色散波长变化对双泵浦光子晶体光纤参量放大的影响.数值模拟结果表明:当零色散波长发生微小的变化时，信号增益谱带宽会发生很大的变化.当两泵浦光之间的波长差值减小时，零色散波长的变化对参量放大的影响在很大程度上可以得到抑制，但是增益带宽会有一定的减小.依据这一原理，在1550 nm附近设计光子晶体光纤中的色散平坦光纤参量放大，在5 m长的光子晶体光纤中，当峰值功率为10 W时，得到了增益为65 dB，带宽达到420 nm且极为平坦的增益谱.     

Broadband Brillouin slow light with multiple-longitudinal-mode,tunable pump

We propose and demonstrate broadband Brillouin slow light using a multiple-longitudinal-mode tunable fiber laser as Brillouin pump. A tunable broadband Brillouin pump with a tuning range from 1 520 to 1 555 nm is generated using a fiber ring laser with a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) as its gain medium. The pump spectrum consists of a large number of longitudinal modes separated by 6 MHz. The 3-dB bandwidth is about 11.5 GHz, and its fluctuation is less than 100 MHz within the tuning range. An 8-Gb/s data signal can be delayed by up to 83.0 ps (bit error rate < 10 9) at 17-dBm pump power.     

Tunable fiber-optic parametric oscillator

We report operation of a tunable optical parametric oscillator that employs a nonlinear-fiber Sagnac interferometer as a parametric amplifier. The amplifier, which consists primarily of dispersion-shifted fiber that has zero dispersion at 1538 nm, is synchronously pumped with 7.7-ps pulses at 1539 nm. The wide bandwidth of the parametric gain permits tuning of the output signal pulses over a 40-nm range centered on the pump wavelength. The Sagnac interferometer decouples the pump wave from the oscillator cavity while a bandpass filter in the cavity transmits only the signal wave, thereby creating a singly resonant parametric oscillator that is phase insensitive. Whereas we demonstrate tuning over almost the entire bandwidth of Er-doped-fiber amplifiers, one could construct a similar device that operates near the 1310-nm zero-dispersion wavelength of standard telecommunication fiber.     

Design of Raman-parametric fiber amplifier for wavelength division multiplex transmission system

We optimize the novel configuration of a hybrid fiber amplifier - Raman assisted-fiber-based optical parametric amplifier （R-FOPA）, in which the parametric gain and Raman gain profiles are combined to achieve a flat composite gain profile. The pump powers and the fiber length in the hybrid amplifier are effectively optimized by genetic algorithm （GA） scheme. The optimization results indicate that the RFOPA can achieve a 200-nm flat bandwidth spectrum with the gain of 20 dB and ripple of less than 4 dB.     

室温掺铒光纤放大器中实现参量控制无损耗光速减慢传输

本文对掺铒光纤放大器中的光速减慢传输系统进行深入研究,提出一种直接利用掺铒光纤放大器中抽运光 强度和掺铒光纤长度,通过优化控制参量来降低信号光强度损耗系数,从而可以实现无强度损耗光速减慢传输, 研究结果表明:当抽运光功率为3.5 mW时,信号光强度损耗系数近似为零;当抽运光关闭时,掺铒光纤长度为 0.1 m时,信号光强度损耗系数近似为零.     

Direct measurement of the effective input noise power of an optical parametric amplifier

The spontaneous fluorescence background in optical parametric amplifiers is generally attributed to the zero‐point fluctuations of the electromagnetic field. These are amplified in parallel to the seed light and lead to an uncompressible superfluorescence background that deteriorates the contrast in optical parametric chirped pulse amplifiers (OPCPA). The absolute level of the underlying parametric fluorescence has not been reported so far. Comparing the fluorescence to low level cw seed light and quantitatively monitoring the output of a noncollinear optical parametric amplifier for both sources, the level is now determined. In a situation of 50 nm visible output bandwidth and low Gaussian spatial modes about 58 photons are found in the signal direction within the femtosecond time window of the amplifier. The superfluorescence level is observed to be proportional to the pump area for constant signal amplification. The implications for the background in high power OPCPA are discussed.     

Ultra-flat and broadband two-pump optical parametric amplifiers using a single-section highly nonlinear fiber

A broadband two-pump optical parametric amplifier with ultra-flat gain spectra is proposed in a single-section highly nonlinear fiber. By elaborately setting the dispersions and pump wavelength space, a gain over 250 nm with 0.02-dB uniformity is obtained. The pump polarizations and fiber length can be changed, achieving polarization-insensitive or higher gain, while the flatness and bandwidth of gain curve remain the same.     

Theoretical Analysis of the Polarization- and Frequency-Dependent Gain for Fiber Optical Parametric Amplifier

Abstract

We develop the gain expression of fiber optical parametric amplifier with birefringent effect and loss. The simulations show that the optical parametric amplifiers' gain is frequency-dependent and polarization-dependent. If the signal polarization state goes along the fast axis, when the average half-difference of two pump frequencies is smaller, the gain flatness is better; if the signal polarization state goes along the slow axis, when half-difference of two pump frequencies is smaller, the gain flatness is worse, and the gain bandwidth becomes wider. We still find that the signal gain is different under the distinct signal polarization state.     

A global design of an erbium-doped fiber and an erbium-doped fiber amplifier

A global design of an erbium-doped fiber and an open-loop erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) in a steady-state operation is discussed by applying genetic algorithms. Taking a signal gain and a bandwidth as objective functions, 7 parameters of the EDFA (erbium concentration, core radius, erbium-doped radius, refractive index difference, fiber length, pumping wavelength and signal power) are optimized by solving optical propagation equations, assuming a homogenous two-level active medium and a single-mode propagation. There is evidence to show that the 1480 nm pump utilized in usual EDFAs is not an optimal choice, which should be chosen around 1460 nm. The optimal core radius ranges 0.465–0.548 μm on pumping power 50–200 mW. Under different design objects and with different pumping powers, however, there are different optimal Er-doped concentrations, reflective index differences and fiber lengths. As a single fiber EDFA, 35 dB signal gain or 35 nm bandwidth is obtained with the 7 optimal parameters, 100 mW pumping power and 0.001 mW input signal power.     

High-repetition-rate femtosecond optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier in the mid-infrared

We discuss a dual-stage optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier generating sub-100-fs pulses in the mid-infrared at a repetition rate of 100 kHz. The system is based on a 1064 nm pump laser and a 3–4 μm difference frequency generation seed source derived from the output of a femtosecond fiber laser amplifier. Both lasers are commercially available, are diode-pumped, compact, and allow for turn-key operation. Here, we focus our discussion on the design and dimensioning of the optical parametric chirped-pulse amplifier. In particular, we review the available gain materials for mid-infrared generation and analyze the impact of different stretching scenarios. Timing jitter plays an important role in short-pulse parametric amplifier systems and is therefore studied in detail. The geometry of the amplifier stages is optimized through a full 3-dimensional simulation with the aim of maximizing gain bandwidth and output power. The optimized system yields output pulse energies exceeding 1 μJ and an overall gain larger than 50 dB. The high repetition rate of the pump laser results in an unprecedented average power from a femtosecond parametric system at mid-infrared wavelengths. First experimental results confirm the design and the predictions of our theoretical model.     

掺铒光纤中亚稳态粒子振荡和慢光时间延迟关系研究

由于光纤慢光在实际中的应用价值引起广泛关注. 技术手段上利用相干布居振荡效应实现光速可控更具有优势. 本文主要介绍了利用相干布居振荡效应 (CPO) 实现掺铒光纤中的光速减慢传输, 通过改变掺杂浓度、光纤长度、入射信号光及抽运光功率等参量, 具体研究了亚稳态粒子振荡和时间延迟的关系. 研究结果表明: 选择高浓度光纤、增加光纤长度、关闭抽运光源, 选择适当强度的信号光可以有效地增大时间延迟. 关键词： 掺铒光纤 时间延迟 相干布居振荡 慢光     

基于预啁啾控制的极宽带光参量放大

在以飞秒钛宝石放大系统的倍频光为抽运光和超连续白光为信号光的光参量放大中,针对抽运光的宽带特点,分析了一种新的极宽带相位匹配方法.结果表明,10nm的抽运光带宽可得到近400nm的相位匹配带宽,若抽运光带宽达到20nm,相位匹配带宽就能达到近600nm.零色散波长为800nm的光子晶体光纤产生的超连续谱经光纤传输后为二次啁啾,宽带抽运光经棱镜对展宽具有线性啁啾,满足了极宽带相位匹配方法所需要的光谱分布.理论计算了对输入脉冲进行预啁啾控制应选择的光纤长度和棱镜对在光路中的插入量,为实现极宽带光参量放大提供了 关键词： 啁啾 极宽带相位匹配 光参量放大 光子晶体光纤     

基于预啁啾控制的极宽带光参量放大

在以飞秒钛宝石放大系统的倍频光为抽运光和超连续白光为信号光的光参量放大中，针对抽运光的宽带特点，分析了一种新的极宽带相位匹配方法.结果表明，10nm的抽运光带宽可得到近400nm的相位匹配带宽，若抽运光带宽达到20nm,相位匹配带宽就能达到近600nm.零色散波长为800nm的光子晶体光纤产生的超连续谱经光纤传输后为二次啁啾，宽带抽运光经棱镜对展宽具有线性啁啾，满足了极宽带相位匹配方法所需要的光谱分布.理论计算了对输入脉冲进行预啁啾控制应选择的光纤长度和棱镜对在光路中的插入量，为实现极宽带光参量放大提供了