二维离子色谱法同时测定环境水样中的碘离子、硫氰酸根和高氯酸根

建立了二维离子色谱法同时测定环境水样中的碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子的方法。先采用常规阴离子色谱柱(IonPac AS16, 250 mm×4 mm)将水样中的碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子与干扰离子进行分离。样品溶液通过抑制器后,将含有碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子的淋洗液导入富集柱(MAC-200, 80 mm×0.75 mm),再通过毛细管阴离子色谱柱(IonPac AS20 Capillary, 250 mm×0.4 mm)进行分离和定量分析。方法的线性范围为0.05～100 μg/L,相关系数达到0.9999,检出限为0.02～0.05 μg/L。样品中碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子的加标回收率在85.1%～100.1%之间,回收率的相对标准偏差(RSD)(n=6)在1.7%～4.9%之间。该法试剂用量小,灵敏度比常规离子色谱提高30～40倍,同时去除了样液中的高浓度基体杂质,适用于水样中低含量碘离子、硫氰酸根离子和高氯酸根离子的检测。     

激光拉曼光谱法测定模拟高放废液中钼酸根

建立激光拉曼光谱法测定模拟高放废液中钼酸根的分析方法。考察了拉曼光谱法测量钼酸根的主要影响因素。以硝酸根作为内标物,在选定的实验条件下,钼酸根与硝酸根的拉曼光谱特征峰强度比值与钼酸根浓度呈良好的线性关系,钼酸根浓度分别为0.002~0.08,0.05~0.80 mol/L时,线性方程分别为y=247c–0.178 8,y=11.36c–0.112 8,r~20.999,方法检出限为0.001 mol/L。采用该方法测定模拟高放废液中的钼酸根,测定值与配制值相比,相对误差小于5%,测量结果的相对标准偏差小于4%(n=6)。该方法操作简便、检测快速、制样简单、取样量小。     

大体积进样离子色谱法测定环境水样中高氯酸根

采用大体积500μL进样离子色谱法,电导检测测定了几种水体中高氯酸盐的含量。分析柱为容量高、亲水性强的以脂肪族碳骨架为基质的阴离子交换柱IonPac AS20,淋洗液在线发生器自动产生35 mmol/LKOH淋洗液,0.25 mL/m in等浓度淋洗。这种新型的以脂肪族碳骨架为基质的阴离子交换柱的采用,极大的削弱了该色谱柱对对氯苯磺酸的保留,完全消除了现行美国EPA高氯酸盐分析方法中高氯酸根与对氯苯磺酸共淋洗的问题。方法对高氯酸根的检出限(S/N=3)为0.5μg/L,高氯酸根浓度在1~1000μg/L范围内具有良好的线性(r=0.9991)。将本方法应用于自来水、河水和雪水样品中高氯酸盐的检测,实际样品的加标回收率在87%~114%之间;1μg/L高氯酸根连续进样9次,色谱峰面积相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.9%。     

分光光度法测定水、土壤和蔬菜中亚硝酸根

2-乙氧-6,9-二氨基吖啶,药名雷佛奴尔(Rivanol))用作亚硝酸根的比色测定,前人虽有报导,但比色条件及试验结果,各作者的报告均不一致;比色测定中的干扰离子的影响仅提及钠、氯根、溴根、硝酸根、硼酸根和乳酸根等六种离子。本文在前人的工作基础上试验了光度测定亚硝酸根的适宜条件和38种离子的干扰影响以及水、土壤和蔬菜中亚硝酸根的光度测定。本法优点在于反应的灵敏度和选择性高(灵敏度为0.016微克/毫升,较     

湿法消解-原子荧光光谱法测定化妆品中的铅

采用硝酸-高氯酸处理样品,以氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定了化妆品中的铅。在最佳条件下,铅的线性范围为0~200μg/L,方法检出限为0.0846μg/L,样品加标回收率为95.08%~102.6%,相对标准偏差为0.759%~1.528%(n=7)。     

离子液体的阴离子三氟乙酸根、硫氰酸根、四氟硼酸根和三氟甲磺酸根的离子对色谱-直接电导检测法分析

建立了同时测定离子液体的阴离子三氟乙酸根、硫氰酸根、四氟硼酸根和三氟甲磺酸根的反相离子对色谱-直接电导检测方法。采用Diamonsil C18分离柱,以离子对试剂-苹果酸-乙腈水溶液为流动相,从流动相组成和色谱柱温度两方面讨论并确定了优化的色谱条件,即以0.15 mmol/L氢氧化四丁铵-0.099 mmol/L苹果酸-20%(v/v)乙腈混合水溶液(pH 6.5)为流动相,柱温25 ℃。在此条件下,三氟乙酸根、硫氰酸根、四氟硼酸根和三氟甲磺酸根离子均达到基线分离,且不受其他常见阴离子氟离子、氯离子、溴离子、硝酸根、硫酸根的干扰。三氟乙酸根、硫氰酸根、四氟硼酸根和三氟甲磺酸根离子的检出限(信噪比为3)分别为0.21、0.07、0.36、0.12 mg/L。将方法应用于测定离子液体中三氟乙酸根、硫氰酸根、四氟硼酸根和三氟甲磺酸根离子,加标回收率为95.0%～104.6%。该法简便、快速、灵敏度较高,可满足离子液体样品的检测要求。     

液液萃取–离子色谱法测定乏燃料后处理模拟料液中的叠氮酸

建立乏燃料后处理模拟料液中叠氮酸的液液萃取–离子色谱测定方法。在相比1∶1的情况下,以30%TBP–煤油对1 g/L的叠氮酸进行萃取,将目标料液稀释10倍以上体积即硝酸浓度在0.3 mol/L以下,以提高叠氮酸根萃取率,同时降低硝酸、铀及其它金属离子的干扰;用浓度不低于2mmol/L的KOH溶液对叠氮酸根进行反萃取;用Dionex-AS11HC大容量阴离子色谱柱进行分离。叠氮酸的质量浓度在0.04～12μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数(r~2)为0.999 4,对原始料液的检出限为0.27μg/mL。测定结果的相对标准偏差为2.17%(n=10),加标回收率为89.5%～109.0%。该方法灵敏度高,重复性好,抗杂质离子干扰,可用于乏燃料后处理料液中叠氮酸的测定。     

二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子

建立二维离子色谱法测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子含量的方法。第一维采用去离子水作为流动相,经过Ion Pac ICE–AS1色谱柱将精己二酸中的硝酸根离子和己二酸进行预分离,分离出来的硝酸根富集于Ion Pac TAC–ULP1浓缩柱上。以淋洗液发生器产生的不同质量浓度的氢氧化钾溶液作为淋洗液,将富集柱上的硝酸根淋洗下来,经第二维Ion Pac AS17–C色谱柱进行分离,以抑制型电导检测器测定硝酸根离子的含量。精己二酸中硝酸根离子的质量浓度在2.0~50.0μg/L范围内与其色谱峰面积呈良好线性,线性相关系数r20.999,检出限为0.10μg/L,测定结果的相对标准偏差小于1.5%(n=7),加标回收率为98.0%~105.0%。该方法操作简单,灵敏度、准确度高,选择性好,能够准确测定精己二酸中痕量硝酸根离子的含量。     

提高硝酸根离子测量准确率

利用受污染严重浑浊带色的水样测定硝酸根,其研究方法相当多.平时经常遇到污染浑浊带色的水样,一般的处理方法是用活性炭吸附后过滤,但是由于活性炭对水样中的硝酸根也有较大的吸附作用,使测定结果严重偏低.因此必须寻找另一种方法,即能消除掉水样颜色又不影响其中的硝酸根.在这里我们采用紫外分光光度法来测定,并且要求水样不浑浊,不带颜色,否则会干扰测定结果.在酸性及煮沸的条件下,用KMnO4氧化水样中的各种生色有机物,过量的KMnO4以草酸钠溶液来还原,对其中的硝酸根离子没有造成影响.     

流动注射-毛细管电泳直接紫外测定环境水中硝酸根和亚硝酸根

采用流动注射与毛细管电泳联用（FI-CE）接口进行自动连续采样。对检测波长、电渗流改性剂浓度、载流中四硼酸钠浓度、载流PH、载流流速及采样环体积等条件进行优化，并对环境水样中常见阴离子的干扰进行研究，建立了同时测定水中硝酸根和亚硝酸根的方法。在采样量为50μl时硝酸根和亚硝酸根的检出限（3σ）分别为0.2和0.4mg/L；峰高RSD分别为1.6%和2.0%(20mg/L,n=25)，峰面积RSD分别为1.7%和1.6%(20mg/L,n=25)，采样频率为60/h。用本法测定井水水样的结果与离子色谱法一致。水样中加入10mg/L硝酸根和亚硝酸根的回收率为98%-108%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.