固相萃取吸附材料在植物激素样品前处理中的应用新进展

植物激素在植物生长过程中具有重要作用,调节植物生长、发育及抗逆的各个过程。植物激素超微精准定量分析一直是植物生理学研究的瓶颈问题。植物激素的准确、高效检测目前大多是基于液相色谱-串联质谱联用技术。样品前处理是植物激素色谱-质谱分析中必不可少的一个步骤,直接影响后续检测方法的灵敏度和准确性。在植物激素各种前处理方法中,固相萃取(SPE)技术应用非常广泛。在萃取小柱基础上发展了多种新形式(分散固相萃取、磁性固相萃取、固相微萃取等,称之为SPE相关方法)。在上述SPE相关方法中,吸附材料的选择均是关键因素,决定了样品前处理过程的目标物提取、净化和富集效果。碳基材料(包括碳纳米管、石墨烯、碳氮化合物等)和有机骨架材料(包括金属有机骨架、共价有机材料)拥有结构可设计、比表面积大、稳定性良好等特性,非常适合作为吸附材料。分子印迹聚合物和超分子化合物依靠主-客体特异性分子识别作用,能显著提高样品前处理方法的选择性。本文重点针对植物激素样品前处理中的SPE技术,综述了近5年来上述几类功能化吸附材料的最新应用进展,并对其发展趋势进行展望。     

植物样品中内源性植物激素时空分布的研究进展

内源性植物激素是在植物体中合成，并在整个植物生命周期内调控其生长发育、应对外界刺激等过程中发挥重要作用的一类微量或痕量有机小分子化合物。随着植物激素分析方法的发展，分析样品用量逐渐减少，不同植物组织（或器官）中植物激素的种类和含量差异不断呈现，极大促进了植物激素生理作用的研究。近年来，植物样品中内源性植物激素的时空分布研究已成为植物激素分析的一大热点。该文总结了近五年来，内源性植物激素时空分布的研究进展，主要从分析难点、分析方法、主要植物激素在植物体内的时空分布情况等方面进行讨论和总结，相关内容围绕本研究组在植物激素检测方面的工作展开。最后，展望了植物激素时空分析这一研究领域的未来发展方向。     

植物激素电化学传感技术研究进展

植物激素是植物自身合成的微量小分子有机物,作为信号分子,在极低浓度就能对植物生长发育产生显著调控作用.植物激素的超微量及原位测定技术是该研究领域的重要研究课题.在众多的检测手段中,电化学方法因其高灵敏和可动态监测等特点而备受青睐.本文综述了近年来植物激素电化学传感技术的最新研究进展,内容涵盖植物激素电化学生物传感、植物激素直接电化学传感、植物激素光电化学传感、植物激素分子印迹电化学传感等研究领域,并对植物激素电化学传感技术的发展趋势进行了展望.     

反相高效液相色谱法测定植物组织中的脱落酸

脱落酸(ABA)是五大植物激素之一,它参与调节植物生长发育的许多生理过程,测定植物组织中脱落酸的含量是研究植物的休眠、脱落和抗性的一个重要方法。近年来,大多采用气相色谱法测定ABA,但无论是填充柱气相色潜还是毛细管色谱,都需要对样品进行繁琐的前处理,要经过多次溶剂萃取、衍生化、柱层析、薄层层析等分离纯化手续,同时还由于其回收率低,取     

反相高效液相色谱法测定水果中顺式脱落酸含量

脱落酸(abscisc acid,ABA)是一种重要的植物激素,植物组织中脱落酸的测定在植物生理研究中占有重要地位.ABA的测定方法有多种,如放射免疫法,固相酶免疫法及各种色谱分析方法等.近年来,采用色谱法进行测定的报道居多,特别是高效液相色谱法.相对于其它方法来说,具有分析速度快、检测的浓度范围宽等特点,应用越来越广泛。本文在国内外已有的一些工作基础上,利用反相高效色谱法对几种水果中的顺式ABA进行测定,在样品的前处理及分析条件的选择上作了一些改进,与其它HPLC方法比较,本法具有干扰小,回收率好,灵敏度高,分析操作更为简单、快速等特点。     

基于磁性免疫结合CdSe/ZnS纳米粒子化学发光放大的脱落酸检测方法

脱落酸作为一种重要的植物激素,在调节植物对环境应激性,控制种子发芽、植物生长、气孔开闭等方面起着关键作用.随着脱落酸信号传导研究的深入,亟需一种快速、灵敏的脱落酸分析检测方法.我们发展了一种简化的磁性免疫分析方法,结合CdSe/ZnS纳米粒子放大化学发光信号,实现了脱落酸的高灵敏检测.在最优条件下,本方法只需30min便可得到检测结果,脱落酸的检测范围为1pM到10nM.我们还考察了剂量效应对磁性微球准均相体系在实际应用中产生的影响.本方法对脱落酸具有高灵敏度和高选择性,有望发展成对植物激素普遍适用的分析方法.     

化学发光酶联免疫吸附分析法检测反式玉米素核苷

细胞分裂素(Cytokinins,CTKs)是一类重要的植物激素,对它进行定量检测在植物学上具有十分重要的意义.由于CTKs本身在植物组织内含量极低(pmol/g鲜重量级),且植物组织样品的基质十分复杂,迫切需要建立灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强的分析检测方法.     

萌发水稻中生长激素的反相高效液相色谱法分离测定

植物激素对调节植物生长、发育过程起着重要的作用.由于植物激素在植物体内的作用机理尚未了解清楚,对植物激素的化学性质、作用机理和生理效应的研究具有重要意义.植物体内的激素含量很低,植物体内的组成复杂,相互共存的干扰组份较多,因而植物激素的测定非常困难.本文研究了生长素(LAA)、赤霉素(GAs)和细胞分裂素(ZT)3种植物生长激素的色谱保留行为,并运用RP-HPLC技术,以梯度洗脱,峰面积法定量,建立了3种激素同时测定的快速、简便的方法,并应用于萌发水稻中3种生长激素的实际测定,所得结果     

固相萃取-色谱/质谱技术在油菜素内酯分析中的研究进展

油菜素内酯(brassinosteroids,BRs)是一类重要的植物激素,参与调节植物的各个生理过程.确定BRs在不同植物组织中的含量有利于进一步了解其作用机制.由于此类激素内源含量极低、植物基质复杂等原因,BRs的定量分析面临较大挑战.固相萃取及其衍生方法(固相微萃取、磁性固相萃取等)以及色谱-质谱技术的发展,能显...     

高效液相色谱法分离和测定3种植物内源激素

本文研究了高效液相色谱法测定吲哚－３－乙酸，脱落酸，赤霉素３种植物激素的条件，建立了一种从植物中提取这３种激素的样品处理方法，实际分析了植物样品，结果令人满意。     

Analytical methods for tracing plant hormones

Plant hormones play important roles in regulating numerous aspects of plant growth, development, and response to stress. In the past decade, more analytical methods for the accurate identification and quantitative determination of trace plant hormones have been developed to better our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of plant hormones. As sample preparation is often the bottleneck in analysis of plant hormones in biological samples, this review firstly discusses sample preparation techniques after a brief introduction to the classes, roles, and methods used in the analysis of plant hormones. The analytical methods, especially chromatographic techniques and immuno-based methods, are reviewed in detail, and their corresponding advantages, limitations, applications, and prospects are also discussed. This review mainly covers reports published from 2000 to the present on methods for the analysis of plant hormones.     

Simultaneous determination of 24 or more acidic and alkaline phytohormones in femtomole quantities of plant tissues by high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–ion trap mass spectrometry

Phytohormones act at relatively low concentrations as major regulatory factors of plant growth and development, and cross talk of phytohormones is currently of great interest throughout the plant science community. To meet this demand, a method that is capable of simultaneously analyzing diverse plant hormones is essential. This paper introduces a high-performance liquid chromatographic separation technique coupled with sensitive and selective ion trap mass spectrometry to simultaneously determine 24 or more acidic and alkaline phytohormones, including auxin, cis- and trans-abscisic acid, 11 cytokinins, and 10 gibberellins, in a single injection of sample. A binary solid-phase extraction using Oasis MCX cartridges for cations and Oasis MAX cartridges for anions was used to prepurify more than 24 acidic and alkaline phytohormones from a single plant extract. The method showed good linearity for all 24 phytohormones with R ² values ranging from 0.9903 to 0.9997. Limits of detection for most of the phytohormones were in the femtomole range with some extending into the sub-femtomole range. This method was applied to hundreds of plant samples comprising different tissues from various plants, including herbaceous, woody climbing, and woody plants to demonstrate feasibility and to validate the methodology.     

Current analytical methods for plant auxin quantification – A review

Plant hormones, and especially auxins, are low molecular weight compounds highly involved in the control of plant growth and development. Auxins are also broadly used in horticulture, as part of vegetative plant propagation protocols, allowing the cloning of genotypes of interest. Over the years, large efforts have been put in the development of more sensitive and precise methods of analysis and quantification of plant hormone levels in plant tissues. Although analytical techniques have evolved, and new methods have been implemented, sample preparation is still the limiting step of auxin analysis. In this review, the current methods of auxin analysis are discussed. Sample preparation procedures, including extraction, purification and derivatization, are reviewed and compared. The different analytical techniques, ranging from chromatographic and mass spectrometry methods to immunoassays and electrokinetic methods, as well as other types of detection are also discussed. Considering that auxin analysis mirrors the evolution in analytical chemistry, the number of publications describing new and/or improved methods is always increasing and we considered appropriate to update the available information. For that reason, this article aims to review the current advances in auxin analysis, and thus only reports from the past 15 years will be covered.     

赤霉素类植物激素分析方法研究进展

赤霉素(gibberellins, GAs)作为植物体内广泛存在的一类激素,可刺激植物叶和芽的生长,对植物的生长起着至关重要的调控作用。截至目前,已发现的GAs高达136种之多。所有已知的GAs均为二萜酸,具有相似的化学结构,都含有赤霉素烷骨架,即4个环,仅环上双键、羟基数目和位置不同。但由于GAs缺乏特定光学特性(紫外和荧光)和化学特性,同时在植物体内含量极低(一般为ng/g,甚至为pg/g水平),常规的分析方法和检测技术难以实现对该类物质的定性定量分析。近年来相关研究人员一直致力于各种高效、快速、灵敏的GAs分析新方法和新技术的研究。本文就GAs的检测方法和分析技术进行综述,为更好地开展赤霉素类植物激素的研究提供参考。     

Sample preparation for the chromatographic determination of ecdysteroids using solid-phase extraction methods

The ecdysteroids are hormones widely distributed in insects and crustaceans, where they are involved in the regulation of moulting. Methods of sample preparation based on solid-phase extraction of the ecdysteroids from biological samples for subsequent chromatographic analysis are reviewed. Most methods use an initial partition of the sample (or extract) between water or aqueous methanol with a non-polar solvent to remove lipids. The aqueous portion is applied to a cartridge containing C₁₈-bonded silica gel. Removal of polar impurities is then effected, followed by recovery of the ecdysteroids from the cartridge and chromatographic analysis. Results are given for the use of phenylboronic acid (PBA) bonded to silica gel as a means of obtaining a much more specific method of extraction. The PBA phase was shown to have a high affinity for ecdysteroids containing a 20,22-cis-diol but not for compounds possessing only a 2,3-cis-diol.     

大气颗粒物中有机物色谱分析的样品制备技术

大气颗粒物中有机物成分分析对深入研究大气颗粒物对人类健康、环境、气候、生态的影响,解析气溶胶来源,制定颗粒物控制相关法规,以及风险管理方法具有重要意义。由于颗粒物中的有机组分种类繁多,分析复杂,目前仅10%~20%的有机物得到了定性和定量分析。因此,大气细颗粒中有机物的分析已成为环境分析领域的优先发展方向。色谱是大气颗粒物中有机物分析的主要方法,而样品制备则是影响分析速度和精度的关键步骤。本文对颗粒物中有机组分色谱分析前的样品制备方法进行了综述,介绍了索氏提取、超声辅助提取、微波辅助提取、加压溶剂提取等溶剂提取方法以及热解吸提取方法,并重点介绍了这些方法在大气颗粒物样品处理中的应用,总结了各种方法的优缺点。     

Chromatographic methods for the determination of mycotoxins in food products

Chromatographic methods for the determination of mycotoxins from different classes in food products of plant and animal origins are surveyed. The procedures of sample preparation and extract purification and the use of various chromatographic analysis techniques are considered.     

Novel analytical methods for the determination of steroid hormones in edible matrices

This paper reviews recently published multi-residue chromatographic methods for the determination of steroid hormones in edible matrices. After a brief introduction on steroid hormones and their use in animal fattening, the most relevant EU legislation regarding the residue control of these substances is presented. An overview of multi-residue analytical methods, covering sample extraction and purification as well as chromatographic separation and different detection methods, being in use for the determination of steroid hormones (estrogens, gestagens and androgens), is provided to illustrate common trends and method variability. Emphasis was laid on edible matrices and more specifically on meat, liver, kidney, fat and milk. Additionally, the possibilities of novel analytical approaches are discussed. The review also covers specific attention on the determination of natural steroids. Finally, the analytical possibilities for phytosterols, naturally occurring steroid analogues of vegetable origin and a specific group of steroid hormones with a hemi-endogenous status are highlighted.     

Chromatographic analysis of plant sterols in foods and vegetable oils.

This paper reviews recently published chromatographic methods for the analysis of plant sterols in various sample matrices with emphasis on vegetable oils. An overview of structural complexities and biological/nutritional aspects including hypocholesterolemic activities of phytosterols is provided in the Section 1. The principal themes of the review highlight the development and application of chromatographic techniques for the isolation, purification, separation and detection of the title compounds. Pertinent gas chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic methods from the literature are tabulated to illustrate common trends and methodological variability. The review also covers specific analyses of natural/synthetic standard mixtures to shed light on potential applicability in plant sample assays. Examples of combined chromatographic techniques linked in tandem for the analysis of complex samples are included. Elution characteristics of sterol components are discussed in the context of analyte substituent effects, structural factors and stationary/mobile phase considerations.