β-Cyclodextrin assisted one-pot synthesis of mesoporous magnetic Fe3O4@C and their excellent performance for the removal of Cr Ⅵ from aqueous solutions

Mesoporous magnetic Fe3O4@C nanoparticles have been synthesized by a one-pot approach and used as adsorbents for removal of Cr (Ⅳ) from aqueous solution. Magnetic iron oxide nanostructured materials encapsulated by carbon were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption and desorption, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The adsorption performance of the nanomaterial adsorbents is tested with the removal of Cr (Ⅳ) from aqueous solution. The results reveal that the mesoporous magnetic Fe3O4@C nanospheres exhibit excellent adsorption efficiency and be easily isolated by an external magnetic field. In comparison with magnetic Fe3O4 nanospheres, the mesoporous magnetic Fe3O4@C exhibited 1.8 times higher removal rate of Cr Ⅵ. Themesoporous structure and an abundance of hydroxy groups on the carbon surfacemay be responsible for high absorbent capability.     

超声波合成磁性4A沸石分子筛

为了解决微细粉末状沸石产品应用中与所处理溶液难以分离的问题, 在传统水热合成法合成4A沸石的晶化原料液中, 加入磁性Fe3O4微粒, 经过70 ℃, 功率为100 W的超声波晶化6 h, 合成了一系列Fe3O4含量不同的磁性4A沸石,并对其进行了XRD、SEM、IR、TG/DTA、EDX、磁化率及吸附性能等表征测试. 结果表明, 磁性4A沸石具有良好的磁稳定性, 其磁化率随Fe3O4含量的增加而增大; 磁性4A沸石对水中氟离子和六价铬的吸附与纯4A沸石性能相同, 其吸附速率可以用拟二级动力学方程来描述.     

Electrocatalytic and magnetic properties of ultrathin nanostructured iron-melanin films on Au(111)

We have prepared ultrathin, nanostructured melanin films on Au(111) by means of electrochemical self-assembly. These films were characterized by using Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray absorption near-edge structure spectroscopy, scanning tunneling microscopy, magnetic force microscopy, and electrochemical techniques. Two types of nanostructures are present in the film: melanin nanoparticles and Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles. The melanin nanoparticles contain Fe bonded to oxygen-containing phenolic groups in an octahedral configuration similar to that found in Fe(2)O(3). The inorganic-organic composite exhibits magnetic properties and catalyzes the electroreduction of hydrogen peroxide in alkaline and neutral electrolyte solutions. The electrocatalytic activity depends on the Fe-bound melanin and appears to be similar to that found for Fe-porphyrins.     

IR laser photodeposition of a-Fe/Si films developing nanograins of ferrisilicate, iron disilicide and rare hexagonal iron upon annealing

IR laser-induced gas-phase photolysis of Fe(CO)(5)-SiH(4) mixtures occurs as SiH(4)-photosensitized decomposition of Fe(CO)(5) is accelerated by products of this decomposition and it results in deposition of amorphous Si/Fe nanocomposite films. Analyses of the deposited and subsequently annealed solid films were made by FTIR, Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The deposited films are amorphous, contain crystalline nanostructures of iron silicide FeSi(2) and undergo atmospheric oxidation in topmost layers to iron oxide and hydrogenated silicon oxide. Upon annealing they develop nanocrystalline structures of ferrisilicate, Fe(1.6)SiO(4), carbon-encaged iron disilicide, FeSi(2), and very rare hexagonal (high-pressure) Fe surviving at ambient conditions. The mechanism of formation of these nanostructures is discussed in terms of gas-phase and solid-phase reactions.     

Fe3O4磁性纳米粒子-氧化石墨烯复合材料的可控制备及结构与性能表征

首先利用高温分解法制备了粒径为18 nm的Fe₃O₄磁性纳米粒子, 并进行羧基化修饰, 然后与聚乙烯亚胺(PEI)化学修饰的氧化石墨烯进行交联反应, 得到磁功能化的氧化石墨烯(MGO)复合材料. 研究了氧化石墨烯片上的磁性纳米粒子的可控负载及其对复合材料磁性能的影响. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM), 原子力显微镜(AFM), X射线衍射(XRD), 傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱, 热重分析(TGA), 振荡样品磁强计(VSM)等手段对MGO复合材料的形貌, 结构和磁性能进行了表征. 结果表明, 我们发展的MGO复合材料的制备方法具有简单、可控的优点, 所制备的MGO复合材料具有较高的超顺磁性. 该类磁性氧化石墨烯复合材料有望在磁靶向药物、基因输运、磁共振造影以及磁介导的生物分离和去除环境污染物等领域获得广泛的应用.     

聚苯胺/聚丙烯酰胺/镍锌铜铁氧体复合物的制备及电磁性能

采用溶液聚合法制备了聚苯胺/聚丙烯酰胺/镍锌铜铁氧体(PANI/PAM/Zn0.4Ni0.5Cu0.1Fe2O4)三元复合物. 利用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜和振动样品磁强计分别表征了样品的结构、形貌和磁性能, 用阻抗/材料分析仪测定了复合物在1 MHz～1 GHz的频率范围内的磁损耗和介电损耗, 并研究了聚苯胺和引发剂的相对含量对复合物的磁损耗和介电损耗的影响. 结果表明复合物中磁性粒子和聚合物之间具有一定的相互作用, 复合物在1 MHz～1 GHz的频率范围内具有较大电磁损耗能力.     

TEM-induced structural evolution in amorphous Fe oxide nanoparticles

Exposure to the high energy electron beam of a TEM changes the morphology of amorphous Fe oxide nanoparticles from solid spheres to hollow shells. Amorphous Fe oxide nanoparticles prepared via high-temperature methods using hexadecylamine and trioctylphosphine oxide surfactants were compared to crystalline gamma-Fe2O3 particles of similar size. Both sets of particles are fully characterized via SQUID magnetometry, X-ray powder diffraction, BET surface analysis, EPR spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). Time-resolved TEM images reveal that the amorphous Fe oxide particles evolve from solid spheres into hollow shells in <2 min, whereas crystalline gamma-Fe2O3 are unaffected by the electron beam. The resulting nanocrystalline Fe oxide shells bear striking resemblance to core-shell nanocrystals, but are a result of a morphology change attributed to restructuring of particle voids and defects induced by quasi-melting in the TEM. These results thus imply that caution is necessary when using TEM to analyze nanoparticle core-shell and heterostructured nanoparticles.     

磁性4A沸石制备及其对水中氯乙酸吸附

以工业级水玻璃、NaAlO2、NaOH和去离子水为原料,采用水热法先合成4A分子筛,然后在二价和三价铁离子混合溶液中用氨水调节负载铁的氧化物及真空干燥等步骤,制得了一系列磁化率不同的磁性分子筛,并对其进行了XRD、SEM、IR及TG等表征分析.结果表明,合成磁性4A沸石晶形完整,表面负载的四氧化三铁分布均匀,磁化率随所负载四氧化三铁量的增加而增大,粒度比纯4A沸石大.磁性4A沸石对钙、镁、铅和氯乙酸的吸附性能与纯4A沸石相当,利用磁性4A沸石可以方便地用磁场分离的特性,其粉末状产品不用成型就可以直接在溶剂或溶液中使用.     

Magnetic Fe3O4@mesoporous silica composites for drug delivery and bioadsorption

Magnetic Fe(3)O(4)@mesoporous silica (MS) composites were synthesized by generating Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles in the mesoporous silica matrix using the sol-gel method in nitrogen atmosphere. The mesoporous silica hosts include SBA-15 particles owning highly ordered p6mm mesostructure, siliceous mesostructured cellular foams (MCFs), and fiber-like mesoporous silica (FMS) with unique pore structures. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N(2) adsorption/desorption results show that Fe(3)O(4) functionalized MCFs and FMS possess suitable mesoporous structure for the adsorption of both small-molecular drug and large biomolecules. The biocompatibility tests on L929 fibroblast cells using MTT assay reveal low cytotoxicity of these systems. These Fe(3)O(4)@mesoporous silica composites show sustained release properties for aspirin in vitro. The release of the aspirin molecules from the pores of the Fe(3)O(4)@mesoporous silica composites is basically a diffusive process. Fe(3)O(4)@MCFs and Fe(3)O(4)@FMS owning larger pore size are good candidates for the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA). These magnetic composites can be potential vectors for drug delivery and bioadsorption.     

Photoluminescent Fe3O4/carbon nanocomposite with magnetic property

Fe(3)O(4)/carbon nanocomposite has been prepared by a facile chemical method, and characterized by X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The fluorescent and magnetic properties of the sample were investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy and vibrating-sample magnetometer, respectively. The results indicate that the Fe(3)O(4)/carbon nanocomposite exhibit good photoluminescent (emission ranging from 425 to 550 nm) and strong magnetic (saturation magnetization of 44.2 emu/g) properties.     

氧化石墨烯表面新型磁性四溴双酚A印迹复合材料的制备及吸附性能

以二氧化硅包覆的磁性氧化石墨烯为载体, 利用热聚合方法制备了对四溴双酚A(TBBPA)有特异吸附效果的新型磁性印迹复合材料. 采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、 热重分析(TGA)和样品振动磁强计(VSM)对该印迹复合材料进行了表征. 结果表明, 在氧化石墨烯表面制备了一层厚度为55~65 nm、 热稳定良好的磁性印迹层. 结合磁固相萃取技术(M-SPE)和高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测技术研究了该磁性印迹复合材料对四溴双酚A的吸附行为, 结果表明该印迹复合材料对四溴双酚A具有良好的选择吸附能力, 最大吸附量为16.33 mg/g. 结合HPLC检测技术, 该印迹复合材料可用于分离富集饮用水中的四溴双酚A.     

纺锤形介孔纳米二氧化锰的控制合成

在KMnO₄和葡萄糖水溶液体系中, 用一步水热法控制合成了介孔MnCO₃纳米纺锤体, 通过焙烧MnCO₃前驱体可以得到介孔纳米MnO₂, 且保持了原有的纺锤体形貌. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外(FTIR)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和N₂吸附-脱附(BET)对制备的样品进行了形貌和结构的表征. 并对反应时间、反应物浓度等对产物形貌的影响进行了研究. 实验结果表明, 反应时间和葡萄糖的浓度对MnCO₃前驱体的尺寸和形貌具有重要影响, MnCO₃纵横比可从1.35:1到2.89:1之间改变. 并初步探讨了介孔MnO₂纺锤体的生长机制, MnO₂ 孔的形成是由于焙烧葡萄糖降解形成的纳米碳颗粒所致.     

Carbon Xerogel Nanostructures with Integrated Bi and Fe Components for Hydrogen Peroxide and Heavy Metal Detection

Multifunctional Bi- and Fe-modified carbon xerogel composites (CXBiFe), with different Fe concentrations, were obtained by a resorcinol–formaldehyde sol–gel method, followed by drying in ambient conditions and pyrolysis treatment. The morphological and structural characterization performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, N₂ adsorption/desorption porosimetry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning/transmission electron microscopy (STEM) analyses, indicates the formation of carbon-based nanocomposites with integrated Bi and Fe oxide nanoparticles. At higher Fe concentrations, Bi-Fe-O interactions lead to the formation of hybrid nanostructures and off-stoichiometric Bi₂Fe₄O₉ mullite-like structures together with an excess of iron oxide nanoparticles. To examine the effect of the Fe content on the electrochemical performance of the CXBiFe composites, the obtained powders were initially dispersed in a chitosan solution and applied on the surface of glassy carbon electrodes. Then, the multifunctional character of the CXBiFe systems is assessed by involving the obtained modified electrodes for the detection of different analytes, such as biomarkers (hydrogen peroxide) and heavy metal ions (i.e., Pb²⁺). The achieved results indicate a drop in the detection limit for H₂O₂ as Fe content increases. Even though the current results suggest that the surface modifications of the Bi phase with Fe and O impurities lower Pb²⁺ detection efficiencies, Pb²⁺ sensing well below the admitted concentrations for drinkable water is also noticed.     

Self-assembly of Co-based nanosheets into novel nest-shaped nanostructures: Synthesis and characterization

We report the first observation of the formation of novel Co-based three-dimensional (3D) self-assembly hollow nanostructures, i.e., nest-shaped nanospheres composed of sheet-like particles, via reduction of cobalt salt with sodium tetrahydroboride in cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-cyclohexane-NH4F aqueous solutions. It was found that the cyclohexane has a significant influence on the formation of the nest-shaped Co-based nanospheres, because when the experiments are carried out in the absence of cyclohexane, only sheet-like particles are formed. NH4F plays also an important role in the formation of the hollow nanostructures because without this salt mainly solid spherical structures, composed of sheet-like particles, instead of nest-shaped structures are obtained. The nanostructures are mainly formed by Co, but also a minor amount (17%) of Co2B is present in the final compounds. The structures are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). A possible mechanism for the formation of the novel Co-based nanostructures is proposed.     

PLD-assisted VLS growth of aligned ferrite nanorods, nanowires, and nanobelts-synthesis, and properties

We report here a systematic synthesis and characterization of aligned alpha-Fe2O3 (hematite), epsilon-Fe2O3, and Fe3O4 (magnetite) nanorods, nanobelts, and nanowires on alumina substrates using a pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method. The presence of spherical gold catalyst particles at the tips of the nanostructures indicates selective growth via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism. Through a series of experiments, we have produced a primitive "phase diagram" for growing these structures based on several designed pressure and temperature parameters. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis has shown that the rods, wires, and belts are single-crystalline and grow along <111>m or <110>h directions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements confirm phase and structural analysis. Superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) measurements show that the iron oxide structures exhibit interesting magnetic behavior, particularly at room temperature. This work is the first known report of magnetite 1D nanostructure growth via the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism without using a template, as well as the first known synthesis of long epsilon-Fe2O3 nanobelts and nanowires.     

Rapid synthesis of novel flowerlike K0.46Mn2O4(H2O)1.4 hierarchical architectures and their catalytic degradation of formaldehyde in aqueous solution

Novel flower-like birnessite type manganese oxide hierarchical architectures were hydrothermally synthesized from KMnO₄ solution using sodium fluorite as a reductant in sulfuric acid medium at low temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopes confirm that the composition of the as-fabricated product. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SA-ED), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) and N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherm reveal that the as-synthesized sample exhibits a microsized flower-like crystal with dense nanoleaves standing on their surfaces, polycrystalline, monoclinic phase structure and high BET surface area. On the basis of time-dependent experimental results, a possible mechanism for the formation of flowerlike structures is speculated. Their capability of catalytic degradation of formaldehyde solution with oxygen air bubbles were studied by using an acetylacetone calorimetric spectra, total organic carbon (TOC) method and turnover number (TON). In addition, the birnessite nanoflower is stable during the reaction and can be used repeatedly.     

羧基化核壳磁性纳米Fe3O4吸附剂的制备及对Cu2+吸附性能

在以共沉淀法制备的磁性纳米Fe3O4粒子(Magnetic nanoparticles, MNP)表面进行了化学修饰, 制备了一种新型富含羧基功能团的核壳磁性纳米吸附剂(Carboxylic functionalized Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles, CMNP). 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、 X射线衍射仪(XRD)、 X射线能量色散谱(EDS)、 振动样品磁强计(VSM)、 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FIIR)和热重分析仪(TGA)对CMNP的形貌、 结构、 化学组成和磁性能进行了表征, 并考察了吸附剂对Cu2+的吸附性能, 研究了溶液pH值、 吸附时间和Cu2+初始浓度对吸附性能的影响. 结果表明, 羧基化核壳磁性纳米Fe3O4颗粒的平均粒径为15 nm, 具有良好的超顺磁性, 饱和磁化强度为41.84 A·m2/kg, 在10 min中内可达到吸附平衡, 在pH=7.0时吸附量最高, 吸附等温数据符合Langmuir模型, 饱和吸附量qm= 43.48 mg/g.     

一种便捷方法制备表面氨基化的超顺磁Fe3O4纳米粒子

提出了一种简便易行的对磁性纳米粒子表面进行氨基化的方法. 首先使用化学共沉淀法合成了粒径为10 nm左右的Fe3O4纳米粒子, 然后用阿仑膦酸钠对其表面进行修饰, 使其表面具有了功能化的氨基. 利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、动态光散射(DLS)仪、热重分析(TGA)仪、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱仪、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)仪等对其进行表征. 结果显示磁性纳米粒子表面被成功地修饰了一层双膦酸分子. 所制备的纳米粒子可在pH=6.3稳定存在4周以上.     

Fe3O4超顺磁纳米晶的超声共沉淀法制备及表征

利用超声强化的共沉淀法结合阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)修饰技术, 制备出Fe3O4超顺磁纳米晶, 采用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、傅立叶转换红外线光谱仪(FT-IR)、高分辨透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、N2吸附-脱附及热重-差示扫描同步热分析仪(TG-DSC)等方法对样品进行表征, 系统研究了样品的表面电性及磁学性质, 并探索了超顺磁纳米晶的生长机理. 结果表明: 所制备的Fe3O4超顺磁纳米晶结晶完整, 分散性良好, 平均粒径在10 nm左右; 其比表面积高达91.6 m2&#8226;g－1, 具有优异的热稳定性, 蒸馏水中等电点pHpzc＝5.7; 其饱和磁强度(Ms)可达65.0 emu&#8226;g－1, 属超顺磁性纳米材料; 超声强化及SDS表面修饰, 对Fe3O4超顺磁纳米晶的生长起着非常重要的作用. 这种Fe3O4超顺磁纳米材料可望被较好地应用于细胞或酶的固定化等生物和医药领域.     

从Mn3O4前驱体到MnO2纳米结构的形貌和结构变化

锰氧化物是一类重要的且具有广泛应用背景的材料, 控制合成不同形貌和组成的锰氧化物纳米结构将有助于拓宽其应用领域. 本文报道了以Mn3O4为前驱体, 通过水热法控制合成MnO2纳米结构的方法. 用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对产物进行表征. 在硫酸体系中,当反应温度为80 和180 ℃时, 所得产物分别为γ-MnO2海胆结构和β-MnO2单晶纳米棒. 此外, MnOOH纳米线可以在稀酸溶液中合成. 考察了反应温度、溶液酸度、反应时间对产物结构的影响, 并提出了基于γ-MnO2为中间产物的反应机理. 实验结果表明, 水热体系促进了产物的各向异性生长并最终形成不同形貌和结构的锰氧化物.