后过渡金属催化乙烯齐聚与聚合进展

石化工业最重要的产品是聚烯烃,其中大部分与聚乙烯相关,α-烯烃不仅是重要的共聚单体,也是精细化工的基本原料,乙烯工业发展程度代表了一个国家石化技术的水平。后过渡金属催化剂作为新型催化体系,能够高效催化乙烯齐聚和聚合,并且乙烯聚合可制备新型聚乙烯树脂。通过对配体的修饰,提高后过渡金属配合物催化活性,增加催化体系的热稳定性,仍然是当前催化剂设计的重要课题;实现对所得聚乙烯微观结构的控制,提高聚烯烃宏观性质是产业化的重要基础。本文基于配合物催化剂配体骨架设计为基础,集中讨论了铁、钴和镍配合物用于乙烯聚合和齐聚的性质比较;特别是集中展示了我们近期研究工作,综述了后过渡金属催化剂的新进展。     

同核双金属烯烃聚合催化剂

与单核金属配合物催化剂相比,双核金属配合物催化剂所具的双金属活性中心对烯烃聚合催化活性和所得聚合物的性能(包括聚合物微结构、分子量大小和分子量分布)产生了重要影响。本文综述了双金属配合物作为均相催化剂催化乙烯聚合及共聚合的最新研究,归纳思路包括不同的金属类型,即基于前过渡金属(Zr, Ti, Hf) 和后过渡金属(Ni, Fe, Co) 的双核金属组合; 不同的配体化合物,即CGC配体、酚氧亚胺配体、氮杂环胺配体、α-二亚胺和亚胺吡啶配体等。这些研究表明,前过渡金属催化剂不仅解决了乙烯自聚还实现了乙烯与α-烯烃共聚;后过渡金属催化剂高效催化乙烯自聚合,其中铁和钴催化剂获得高度线性聚乙烯,镍催化剂则产生多支链聚乙烯。     

单茂金属烯烃聚合催化剂*

本文综述了近年来带有给电子配体的单茂金属化合物应用于烯烃聚合的研究。带有给电子配体的单茂金属化合物是目前烯烃配位聚合催化剂的研究热点之一。作为新型的聚合催化剂,这类催化剂具有合成简单、结构清晰的特点,用于催化烯烃聚合,可得到高聚合活性,同时聚合物可得到高的分子量。用于共聚时,具有很好的共聚能力。通过共聚,可以得到Zieler-Natta催化剂和传统茂金属催化剂不能得到的新共聚物。通过调整催化剂上茂配体和给电子配体的结构,可以方便地调节聚合行为,从而调整聚合物的结构。文中涉及了乙烯、alpha-烯烃的均聚与共聚,乙烯与环烯烃共聚合,苯乙烯聚合等方面的研究。     

α-萘基丁二亚胺氯化镍/MAO制备双(宽)峰聚乙烯

合成了一种新型α 二亚胺镍配合物———α 萘基丁二亚胺氯化镍 ,此配合物作为催化剂在MAO的活化下催化乙烯聚合得到支化聚乙烯 ,聚合活性高达 7 18× 10 5gPE molNi·h ,1 3C NMR、FTIR测试结果表明制备的聚乙烯含有末端双键 ;GPC结果表明所制备的聚乙烯分子量呈双 (宽 )峰分布 ,其原因有两个 ,一是此催化剂能产生分子量较低的α 烯烃 ,在聚合过程中一部分α 烯烃会“就地”与乙烯原位共聚形成分子量较高的聚合物 ,二是此催化剂存在立体异构体 ,而不同异构体在MAO活化下形成的活性中心的配位环境不同 ,因而得到的聚乙烯的分子量也不同 .研究了聚合温度、聚合压力、铝镍摩尔比 (nAl nNi)对催化活性、聚乙烯分子量、支化度的影响 .聚乙烯的分子量随聚合温度的升高而下降 ,支化度增大 ,熔点则降低 .     

β-二酮锆/AlEt2Cl/MAO催化乙烯原位共聚合成支化聚乙烯

以β-二酮锆为唯一主催化剂, 以AlEt2Cl和MAO为助催化剂, 使之分别与主催化剂作用形成两种不同功能的催化活性中心, 考察乙烯原位共聚合成支化聚乙烯.     

用于烯烃与(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯配位共聚的非茂后过渡催化剂研究进展

非茂后过渡金属催化剂因其良好的耐杂原子能力在催化烯烃和极性单体共聚合方面表现出很好的特性,并具有潜在的工业应用前景。本文综述了近年来Fe、Co、Ni、Pd、Cu等非茂后过渡金属催化剂催化乙烯、丙烯与(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯配位共聚的研究状况,重点介绍了Fe、Co、Ni、Pd为中心金属的非茂后过渡金属催化剂的结构对乙烯、丙烯与(甲基)丙烯酸甲酯配位共聚的催化活性和所得共聚物分子量的影响,并强调了设计新型配体是开发新型非茂后过渡金属催化剂的一种重要途径。     

Ind2Zr（OC6H4Me—p）2和EtnAlCl3—n催化乙烯剂聚的研究

茂金属催化剂（Kaminsky催化剂）是80年代发展起来的烯烃聚合高效催化剂,有关其催化烯烃聚合的研究很多,近年来,Kaminsky型催化剂催化乙烯齐聚合成低碳α烯烃的研究已有报道。由乙烯齐聚得到的直链低碳α烯烃是生产线性低密度聚乙烯（LLDPE）和高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）的共聚单体。以茚基锆化合物与烷基铝组成的Ziegler-Natta催化体系催化乙烯齐聚尚未见报道,本文考察了Ind2Zr(OC6H4Me-p)2和各种乙基铝组成的二元催化体系对乙烯齐聚的催化性能。     

FI催化剂配体的研究进展

FI催化剂作为一类新型聚烯烃催化剂,具有高活性、耐高温等特性,在催化聚合方面表现出良好的性能,不但可以催化乙烯与极性及非极性单体共聚,而且可以通过改变主催化剂苯氧基亚胺配体的结构,得到具有不同结构的聚合物。本文介绍了FI主催化剂的基本结构、合成方法、结构与催化性能的关系以及基于苯氧基亚胺配体基本结构的新型催化剂的研究进展。     

双功能催化剂体系催化乙烯原位聚合制备长链支化聚乙烯研究

以蒙脱土负载 β 二酮二氯化锆作为乙烯齐聚催化剂与Et(Ind) 2 ZrCl2 复合组成了原位双功能聚合催化体系 ,成功地以乙烯为唯一单体唯一反应釜制备长链支化聚乙烯 ,该催化剂体系具有乙烯共聚活性高 ,聚合物物性可调等优点     

用双过渡金属复合催化剂制备长链支化聚乙烯

乙烯聚合;原位共聚合;用双过渡金属复合催化剂制备长链支化聚乙烯     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.