焙烧态镁铝水滑石对诺氟沙星的吸附行为研究

采用共沉淀法合成镁铝水滑石(LDH),用X-射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等表征了产物,研究了400℃焙烧后LDH(LDO)的结构、成分及吸附率的变化,通过静态吸附实验考察了LDO对诺氟沙星的吸附性能。结果表明,在固液比1∶500、pH=5.0、吸附温度25℃、离子强度0.1 mol/L的条件下吸附1 h对诺氟沙星(20 mg/L)的吸附率达91.25%。吸附过程符合Langmuir等温线方程,理论平衡吸附量达到32.05 mg/g,推断焙烧态镁铝水滑石对诺氟沙星的吸附是以表面吸附为主的自发反应。     

三聚磷酸二氢铝吸附Cd~(2+)的动力学研究

采用动态吸附法研究三聚磷酸二氢铝吸附镉离子的动力学行为并进行吸附活化状态热力学参数分析。结果表明,当三聚磷酸二氢铝粒径小于150μm、搅拌器转速大于200r/min、Cd2+的初始浓度为500mg/L时,三聚磷酸二氢铝对镉离子的化学吸附符合二级反应动力学方程,吸附速率常数k与温度T之间的关系符合Arrhenius方程式,吸附的活化能为Ea=27.93kJ/mol,吸附的频率因子A=65.33L/mg·min,ln(k/T)与1/T之间的关系符合Eyring公式,其活化焓ΔH=25.44kJ/mol,活化熵ΔS=-218.54J/mol·K。     

镁铝类水滑石对阳离子染料中性红的吸附及机理研究

研究了镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附及其作用机理,考察了时间、pH、温度、电解质浓度等因素对吸附作用的影响。结果表明,镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,热力学符合Langmuir吸附等温式。在实验范围内,吸附量随溶液pH的增大而增加,随温度的升高而降低,随电解质浓度的增加先增加后降低。吸附过程是放热、熵减小的自发过程。镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附缘于为类水滑石与中性红分子中π电子的较强静电吸引作用。     

高容量咪唑型螯合树脂的制备及其对Cd(Ⅱ)和Zn(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以氯甲基化交联聚苯乙烯树脂(CMCPS)为载体和大分子引发剂,1-乙烯基咪唑(VIM)为单体,溴化亚铜/2,2'-联吡啶为催化剂体系,采用表面引发原子转移自由基聚合技术(SI-ATRP),将1-乙烯基咪唑接枝到CMCPS树脂表面,制得新型咪唑型螯合树脂(VIM-CMCPS),并采用X射线光电子能谱、元素分析和扫描电镜对其进行表征。考察了该螯合树脂对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附性能、动力学和热力学参数。该螯合树脂表面VIM接枝密度达1.008 mg/m2。结果表明,该树脂对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附量随溶液初始浓度和温度的升高而增加,当p H值分别为3.6和2.4时,对Cd2+和Zn2+的吸附效果最佳,树脂的静态饱和吸附容量分别为653.1 mg/g和793.3 mg/g,Langmuir和Freundlich方程均呈现良好的拟合度。热力学平衡方程计算得ΔG0,ΔH=24.47 k J/mol,ΔS0,表明该吸附过程是自发、吸热、熵增加的过程。动力学研究表明,该过程符合准二级动力学模型。     

阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性水滑石的表面性质研究

采用十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、吐温-80(Tween-80)及两种表面活性剂复合改性镁铝水滑石,得到SDBS-LDHs,TweenLDHs及SDBS/Tween-LDHs 3种改性水滑石。利用反相气相色谱法(IGC)对样品进行表面性质的研究,定量计算了表面吸附自由能(ΔG0)和表面能色散组分(γs d)。结果表明,改性材料的ΔG0与γs d值均比未处理的镁铝水滑石小,其中阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性后的水滑石的ΔG0与γs d值最小,说明阴-非离子表面活性剂复合改性水滑石较单一改性水滑石更有利于提高材料的稳定性。此外,各类水滑石的γs d值均随着温度的升高而减小,因此,在制备聚合物/水滑石类材料时,可以利用提高温度来改善其与聚合物的相容性。     

盾构渣土基碳复合陶粒的制备及除磷性能

以固体废弃物地铁盾构渣土、稻草秸秆和氧化镁为主要原料,通过烧结法制备了一种盾构渣土基碳复合陶粒。考察了陶粒吸附磷的主要影响因素及平衡吸附量,并采用模型对实验数据进行拟合分析。结果表明,当盾构渣土、稻草秸秆粉末和氧化镁质量比为7∶2∶1,在最佳烧结条件700℃烧结可得到除磷性能最佳的陶粒。当吸附pH=6.3时,陶粒具有较高的磷吸附性能。吸附在12 h内基本能达到吸附平衡,该过程适合准二级动力学方程。盾构渣土基碳复合陶粒对磷酸盐的吸附符合Temkin等温模型,随温度升高吸附量逐渐增大,40℃下最大吸附量为12.76 mg/g。热力学参数ΔH=5.64 k J/mol0,ΔS=8.00 J/(K·mol)0,ΔG=3.16 k J/mol0,呈吸热、非自发的热力学特征,陶粒吸附磷后可通过2.0 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液重新解吸回收。     

镁铁铝类水滑石的合成及去除V(Ⅴ)的研究

采用稳态共沉淀法合成了碳酸根插层的镁铁铝三元类水滑石,结合XRD、SEM等对合成样品进行了表征,重点研究了吸附时间、V(Ⅴ)初始浓度、污染液初始p H值等因素对水滑石去除V(Ⅴ)效果的影响。研究结果表明:合成的样品为Mg_(5.216)Fe_(1.456)Al_(1.400)(OH)_(16)(CO_3)_(1.424)·6.40H_2O(即MgFeAl-CO_3LDHs),片状晶体,片长50 nm~400 nm,片厚为15 nm~45 nm;1 g MgFeAl-CO_3LDHs对50m L浓度为45.15 mg/L的V(Ⅴ)污染液去除率为99.84%,且处理后V(Ⅴ)浓度为0.074 mg/L,远远低于钒工业污染物排放标准中最低浓度限0.3 mg/L;对V(Ⅴ)的吸附在热力学上更符合Langmuir方程,计算得饱和吸附量为18.56 mg/g;MgFeAl-CO_3LDHs不适宜在强碱性环境下去除V(Ⅴ)。     

谷氨酸插层水滑石吸附水中铅离子

采用共沉淀法合成了谷氨酸插层镁铝类水滑石(LDH),对所制备的试样进行了X-射线衍射和红外光谱表征,对LDH去除水中铅离子的能力进行了讨论,研究了吸附过程的吸附动力学和吸附等温线。结果表明,谷氨酸能嵌入镁铝水滑石的层间,该插层水滑石能有效吸附水中铅离子,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,吸附等温曲线可用Langmuir模型来描述,吸附量可达68.49mg/g。     

松香基羧基化聚合物微球对Pb~(2+)的吸附研究

采用静态吸附法研究了松香基羧基化聚合物微球对Pb~(2+)的吸附性能。实验结果表明,在p H=6.0,固液比分别为0.5g/L和3g/L,初始浓度为100mg/L,293K条件下,松香基羧基化聚合物微球对Pb~(2+)的最大吸附量分别为15.28mg/g和10.73mg/g。吸附动力学研究表明,该吸附过程符合伪二级吸附动力学方程。吸附热力学研究表明,该吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,ΔG0,ΔS0,ΔH0,表明该吸附过程是自发的放热过程。脱附再生实验表明,经过5次重复再生,其吸附量下降了29%,微球具有重复利用的潜质。XPS测试表明Pb~(2+)吸附在微球的表面上。     

CTMAB交联累托石吸附苯胺废水的研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 (CTMAB) 为交联剂与累托石进行交联反应,制备CTMAB交联累托石,吸附处理CODCr值为910.6mg/L和2806.4mg/L的苯胺废水。结果表明,当CTMAB交联累托石用量为40g/LH2O、pH为7.00和1.00、常温吸附60min时,其CODCr去除率达67%以上。吸附符合Freundlich等温吸附式:?1.338Ct1/n,吸附反应为一级反应:tteCC51019.10--=, 吸附热力学研究表明:ΔH=1.819kJ/mol,ΔG=0.051kJ/mol,ΔS=6.073J/mol稫。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Synthesis of tetrabenzoporphins of the basis of isoindoline

Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds -