用170-70型塞曼无火焰原子吸收法测定矿山排放水中微量铅

微量铅的定量测定通常采用双硫腙光度法和火焰原子吸收法。近来,有人用碘化物-甲基异丁酮萃取后用石墨炉原子吸收法测定。但有机试剂有毒,易挥发,造成环境污染。我们对矿山排放水中微量铅,采用塞曼无火焰原子吸收法测定,得到满意的结果。本法的灵敏度为0.0015微克/毫升/1%吸收,测定浓度范围0～0.080微克/毫升。实验部分     

铜铁试剂——MIBK萃取原子吸收光谱法测定纯铅及铅基合金中微量铋和铜

纯铅及铅基合金中微量铋和铜的测定一般采用萃取吸光光度法和原子发射光谱法.本文采用硝酸加酒石酸溶样,然后用氨水调至pH 1.5,加入铜铁试剂与铋和铜生成螯合物沉淀,再用MIBK萃取螯合物与主体铅分离,有机相以火焰原子吸收连续测铋和铜,方法简单,灵敏度高,测定结果准确可靠,适用于生产分析.     

微量铟的示波极谱测定

一、前言 Donoso等对铟-铜铁试剂的交流极谱波曾作过研究,但在其制定的磷酸盐缓冲体系中,铟的测定灵敏度不高,且在单扫描示波极谱仪上波形欠佳,因而不适于微量铟的测定。我们对铟-铜铁试剂络合物在弱酸性介质中的极谱行为进行了较仔细的研究,发现在pH3.8～6.3的醋酸盐缓冲介质中,于峰电位-0.80伏处,均能产生灵敏度很高的极谱波。通过实验,选定了最佳底液为pH5的醋酸-醋酸钠-铜铁试剂。波高与浓度的线性范围为0.005～1微克/毫升。本法测定铟的灵敏度较之目前采用的比色法、原子吸收和极谱法,要高出几倍到几十倍。方法操作简单,重现性好,适于岩石矿物中微量铟的测定。     

无火焰原子吸收法测定纯铟中痕量铁和铜

过去一直采用化学光谱法测定纯铟中杂质,可同时测定多种元素,但需要预萃取分离和富集,手续繁杂而且有机试剂对人体有害。目前改用无火焰原子吸收法测定纯铟中痕量铁和铜,方法简便可靠,结果满意。铁和铜的绝对灵敏度分别为2×10~(-11)和3×10~(-11)克。     

原子吸收法测定矿石中的铟

近年来,有用原子吸收法测定矿石中微量铟,但方法的灵敏度以及干扰元素的消除等问题,有待进一步改进。本试验在H_2SO_4-KBr介质中,以甲基异丙基甲酮萃取分离铟,并应用柠檬酸、酒石酸-抗坏血酸和硫脲掩蔽铁、铜、锌、铬等等干扰元素,使方法的灵敏度和选择性有所提高,应用于矿石、岩石中锢的测定(含铟量为0.0000x—0.x％),获得较好的结果。本法的灵敏度为0.2ppm/1％,回收     

铟的灵敏光度测定法

我国对微量铟的显色反应研究得较少.最常用的是碱性染料萃取光度法,但操作冗繁而且苯的毒性较大.因此寻找灵敏度高而又能在水相测定铟的新方法是很有必要的. 用苯荧光酮(2,3,7-三羟基-9-苯基-6-荧光酮,PF)作显色剂的胶束增溶分光光度法已应用于锗、钼、锡、镓等的测定,但用类似的方法测铟则尚未见报道.我们的实验证明,在pH为7.7～8.9的醋酸-氢氧化铵缓冲介质中,铟与PF及氯化十六烷基吡啶(OPC)生成玫瑰红色的三元配合物,其配合比为In(III):PF:CPC=1:2:2,表观稳定常数为8.6×10~(10),摩尔吸收系数达1.28×10~5.提出用乙酸乙酯萃取分离杂质.利用本显色反应测定微量铟,方法灵敏且稳定,准确度和精密度均较好.     

铟的萃取色层分离及其在测定矿石中微量铟的应用

文献提出了用磷酸三丁酯(TBP)-氢溴酸(HBr)体系萃取色层分离微量铟的方法。但是这些资料对铟的萃取色层条件及杂质元素的萃取色层行为均没有详细的介绍。我们进行了以TBP-HBr体系萃取色层分离微量铟的试验。详细地研究了铟的萃取色层条件及铟与20多种阳离子的分离,并拟订了测定矿石中微量铟的操作规程。矿石分析结果表明,本法的选择性、灵敏度和准确度都是良好和符合     

乙酸丁酯萃取原子吸收分光光度法测定原矿和精矿中的铟

在5mol/L氢溴酸介质中,铟以[InBr_4]~-络离子形式被乙酸丁酯萃取。从而与大量共存元素分离,且得以富集。取有机相在原子吸收分光光度计上测其吸光度。方法简单、快速,灵敏度达到0.28ppm,检出限0.11ppm。用中南79—10铅锌矿管理样进行六次测定,相对标准偏差为8.3％。一、试剂、仪器及工作条件钢标准溶液 100μg/mL In,10μg/mL In,并用适当硫酸酸化。 WYX-402型原子吸收分光光度计,铟空心阴极     

正辛醇诱导低温浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收法测定环境样品中痕量铟

利用适量正辛醇可以显著降低非离子表面活性剂Triton X-100浊点的特性,以8-羟基喹啉为螯合试剂,建立了一种醇诱导低温浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收测定痕量铟的新方法。探讨了不同因素对萃取效率的影响。研究表明在加入1.5 mL正辛醇后,Triton X-100的浊点可以降至35℃。最佳萃取条件为:pH 6.0,0.01 mol/L 8-羟基喹啉溶液1.0 mL,体积分数15%Triton X-100溶液0.8 mL,平衡温度40℃,平衡时间30 min。在最佳条件下,铟的富集倍数为42,检出限为0.56μg/L。利用该方法对标准水系沉积物和环境样品中的铟进行了萃取富集与测定。     

氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中微量铅

食盐中铅测定采用萃取-原子吸收光谱法，方法使用有机试剂，操作也复杂。采用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法直接测定，氯化钠干扰很大。本文提出氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定食盐中铅。采用WHG-102A2型流动注射氢化物发生器与原子吸收光谱仪配合，载气压力作为自动化能源，流动注射方     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...