初中物理运动观念的内涵分析及培养策略研究

阐述了初中物理中由运动概念向运动观念转变的过程,对运动观念的定义和表现进行了分析.基于初中物理课程标准,将运动观念分解为运动的属性观、运动的描述观、运动的形式观和运动的规律观4个子观念,对每个子观念的内涵及教学策略进行了讨论,提出了通过创设本原性综合问题情境构建学生运动观念的设想.     

关于误用动能定理的讨论

动能定理是中学物理课程中的重要规律之一,也是高考的热点内容,它将状态量的变化与过程量联系起来.应用动能定理解题时,只需考虑始末运动状态,无需关注运动过程中的细节变化,显得简捷与方便,因此深受老师和同学的欢迎.     

关于竖直上抛运动公式的讨论

竖直上抛物体运动是属于匀减速运动,它的运动规律由下面两式决定：■在应用上述公式时,得出以下三个结论：(1)公式不仅适用于物体上抛至最高点的匀减速运动过程,而且也适用于物体抛至最高点后,再下落的匀加速的运动过程。也就是说,适用于竖直上抛物体运动的整个过程(即上升阶段和下降阶段)。     

“万有引力定律”中的物理思想方法

物理思想是指自始自终贯穿整个物理学的基本观点及处理和解决问题的思想方法 .天体运动论的发展及万有引力定律的建立过程中 ,几乎囊括了物理学的思想和研究方法 ,本文主要谈以下几种 :1　观察法观察一般是在自然条件下对自然现象的观察 ,是物理学研究问题的基本方法之一 .我国     

学习物理过程中常见典型错误分析

 常言道,知己知彼,百战百胜。物理教师只有深入了解学生在学习物理的过程中常犯的典型错误,在备课时才能对症下药,有的放矢,收到事半功倍的效果。学生在学习物理的过程中常见典型错误可以归纳为如下12种,认真分析这些典型错误所产生的原因,从中可以受到启发,从而能掌握教好物理的正确方法。一、抛不开错误的生活经验,有碍于对物理概念与规律的深刻理解对于力和运动的关系,学生在上初中时就看到马拉车的情况,马拉车时,车就运动,马不拉时,车就不动,因而就很容易形成“力是产生速度维持物体运动的原因”这样一个错误概念,这一错误的生活经验有碍于对牛顿第一运动定律的深刻理解.     

运用图象分析解决物理问题

图象是分析解决物理问题的重要手段。1 运用图象的交点物理图象中的“点”:一是图线与坐标轴的交点,有时表示物理过程中的转折点,如:υ-t图与横轴的交点是运动方向的变化点。振动图象与横轴的交点表示质点过平衡位置,相应的位移、加速度方向都发生变化。有时反映物理过程中的某些特定状态,如:     

充分重视物理实验教学,提高教学有效性

物理作为一门以观察和实验为基础的学科,观察和实验贯穿于整个教学过程的全部,其不单是物理教学课堂中实现素质教育的一种主要渠道,更是学生获取物理知识的关键途径,对物理现象的解释和分析,即是学生学习物理知识的过程,然而当前阶段很多学生在物理实验的过程中不愿更多的去观察,去思考,从而导致了对物理知识的不太了解,在应试教育的考试中自然也就无法取得较高的成绩,在初中物理学习阶段,如何充分的重视物理实验教学,提高总体教师教学的有效性,以下几点便是所要探讨的话题.     

翻身陀螺的原理简析

描述了翻身陀螺的实验现象,简要介绍了对翻身陀螺的研究史,定性地对普通陀螺和翻身在旋转过程中受力进行了分析。通过对二者受力情况的对比,说明了翻身陀螺翻身现象产生的原因。又从能量角度简要分析了翻身陀螺的运动过程,进一步说明摩擦力是陀螺翻身现象产生的根源。最后总结了翻身陀螺的物理实验带来的启发。     

FAE装置参数对燃料抛撒与爆炸威力影响的实验研究

 采用高速运动分析系统对FAE实验装置爆炸抛撒过程进行观测,描述了燃料抛撒过程的不同阶段,实验研究了比药量、长径比、壳体材质等装置参数对燃料抛撒与爆炸威力的影响。结果表明,燃料抛撒过程可分为射流形成与扩散运动阶段、燃料两向膨胀运动阶段和气液融合运动阶段。不同阶段对应不同的流体动力学特征,对云团形成的贡献不同。在实验装置总体优化条件下,适当增大比药量可提高云团覆盖面积与体积;在实验范围内长径比不是影响云团状态的显著因素,但长径比较大时可使燃料抛撒均匀性更好;采用钢质壳体时云雾抛撒状态明显优于铝质壳体。实验证明,采用碳钢壳体、比药量3%左右、长径比为3~5且装置参数良好匹配时,可获得理想的云团状态和高威力爆炸波毁伤效应。     

主观臆测——解题的大敌

物理是高中阶段一门非常重要也很难学的课程．它难就难在它自身的物理过程是不以任何人的主观意志为转移的客观事实．当我们正确分析了物理过程的各个阶段及各阶段所遵循的规律，并采用各种表达方式将其过程展现出来时，问题就得以正确解决．但是在分析物理过程时，我们一定要避免主观臆测，否则将会出现不应有的错误，现举例加以说明．     

关于"太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系"的讨论

讨论了银道面内的引力场强分布和太阳在银河系中所受引力与到银心距离r的关系，指出引力场强g并不是与r的平方成反比，这是由于银河系的大小和形状不能忽略造成的．强调了万有引力定律的适用条件．     

On the predictability of the positions of the convergence zones in the ocean

The disagreement between the experimental and calculated positions of the first convergence zone are known from many publications. The most probable cause for such a disagreement, namely, the incorrect specification of the input data for the calculations, is considered. The lack of simultaneity between the hydrological surveys of the region and the acoustic experiments is emphasized. The experimental data obtained by the author in five ocean regions are presented. These data characterize the diurnal variability of the distance from the source to the nearest boundary of the convergence zone. The relations proposed by different researchers for calculating the sound speed from the temperature, salinity, and hydrostatic pressure are analyzed. It is shown that these relations lead to a substantial difference in the estimated depth dependence of the hydrostatic gradient of the sound speed. The position of the first convergence zone is calculated for the propagation conditions determined by vertical temperature and salinity profiles with the subsequent recalculation of these profiles into sound speed profiles by using eight different formulas known from the literature. It is shown that different formulas lead to different values of the distance to the first zone; this difference is substantially greater than that between the calculations and experiment. The necessity of improving the recalculation relations in view of the experimental data on sound propagation in natural oceanic waveguides, including the data on the actual positions of the convergence zones, is emphasized.     

On the calculation of the bremsstrahlung in the region of the plasma frequency

On the basis of the classical theory of radiation produced in incomplete Coulomb interaction, a formula is derived for the coefficient of the bremsstrahlung of fully ionized plasma. In the region of rectilinear approximation a comparison is made with the results of the quantum formula derived from the Born approximation. Furthermore, the influence of dispersion upon the emission coefficient is taken into account; some relations for the region of dispersion are given.     

Dependence of the Intensity of the Spectral Lines and the Composition of the Sample and the Plasma Parameters of the Unipolar Arc

The investigation was made of the dependence of the intensity of Tl, Ga, Mo, Mg, Mn, Sn, Bi, Ni, Zn, Pt and Au spectral lines and the plasma parameters (temperature T, electron concentration n_e, degree of 6 ionnization α) from concentration of lithium additive.     

Extracting the wavefunction of the LSP at the LHC

We consider associated production of squarks and gluinos with the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP), or states nearly degenerate in mass with it. Though sub-dominant to pair production of color SU(3)-charged superpartners, these processes are directly sensitive to the wavefunction composition of the lightest neutralinos. Exploiting event-shape variables - including some introduced here for the first time - we are able to identify the composition of the LSP by selecting events involving a single high-pT jet recoiling against missing transverse energy. We illustrate the proposed technique on a set of benchmark cases and propose methods for applying these results in more realistic experimental environments.     

Set the controls for the heart of the Sun

In this paper we describe experiments conducted with high-power lasers that are attempting to replicate, for a very short time and in miniature, conditions found in the Sun. Experiments to date have reached conditions in the outer part of the Sun. To reach the Sun's centre requires compression of material to very much greater than solid density and heating to over ten million degrees. To achieve this, a new class of experiments and a new generation of high-power lasers are required.     

On the Question of the Source of the Apokamp

Technical Physics - The object of this work is the apokamp—a new type of plasma jet, which is formed from a bright offshoot emerging at the bending point of a channel of a high-voltage...