Switchable instantaneous frequency measurement by optical power monitoring based on DP-QPSK modulator

We propose and analyze an instantaneous frequency measurement system by using optical power monitoring technique with improved resolution. The primary component adopted in the proposal is a dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying (DP-QPSK) modulator which is used to modulate the microwave signal that has a designed time delay and phase shifting. The generated optical signal is sent to polarization beam splitter (PBS) in DP-QPSK modulator. Owing to the complementary transmission nature of polarization interference introduced by PBS, the frequency information is converted into the optical power and the relationship between the amplitude comparison function (ACF) and microwave frequency to be measured is established. Thus, the frequency of the microwave signal can be easily measured through monitoring the optical powers of the two output ports of the PBS. Furthermore, by adjusting the direct current (DC) biases of the DP-QPSK modulator instead of changing the electrical delay, the measurement range and resolution can be switched. In this paper, the basic principle of the instantaneous frequency measurement system is derived in detail, and simulation has been performed to investigate the resolution, the measurement range, and the influence of imperfection devices. The proposed scheme is wavelength-independent and its measurement range is switchable, which can avoid the laser wavelength drifting problem and thus greatly increasing the system flexibility.     

Frequency-octupled phase-coded signal generation based on carrier-suppressed high-order double sideband modulation

An approach for photonic generation of a frequency-octupled phase-coded signal based on carrier-suppressed high-order double sideband modulation is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The key component of the scheme is an integrated dual-polarization quadrature phase shift keying modulator, which is used to achieve the carrier-suppressed high-order double sideband modulation. At the output of the modulator, two fourth-order optical sidebands are generated with the optical carrier suppressed. After that, a Sagnac loop incorporating a fiber Bragg grating and a phase modulator is employed to separate the two optical sidebands and phase modulate one sideband with a binary coding signal. The approach features large carrier frequency tuning range for the generated phase-coded signal from several megahertz to beyond the W-band. A proof-of-concept experiment is carried out. The 2 Gbit/s phase-coded signals with frequencies of 16.48, 21.92, and 29.76 GHz are generated.     

Measurement of modulation index and half-wave voltage of an electro-optical phase modulator with a dispersion-based phase filter

In this paper, a novel method based on the use of an optical phase filter is proposed to evaluate the modulation index, as well as the half-wave voltage of an optical phase modulator. When a phase modulated signal propagates along the length of a dispersive fiber, the fiber dispersion acts as an optical phase filter and spectrally alters the relative phasing of the phase modulated signal, causing the phase modulation to become intensity modulation, which allows the swept frequency measurement of phase modulators by using a vector network analyzer. The modulation index and half-wave voltage as a function of the modulation frequency are experimentally measured for a commercial phase modulator, which agree well with the results obtained using the widely accepted optical spectrum analysis method. The proposed method requires only a length of dispersive fiber and works without any small-signal approximation, which is applicable for different driving levels and operating wavelengths with the same setup.     

基于双音外差的电光相位调制器半波电压自校准测量方法

电光相位调制器是光纤通信系统、微波光子系统和相干光通信系统中的关键器件之一. 作为器件本征参数, 电光相位调制器的半波电压通常利用光谱方法和电谱方法进行测量. 光谱方法受到光源线宽和光谱仪分辨率限制, 测量的分辨率较低; 电谱方法则需要光电检测之前将相位调制转换成强度调制, 电谱方法的主要困难在于需要对探测器的不平坦响应进行额外校准. 提出了利用双音外差实现电光相位调制器半波电压自校准测量新方法, 该方法利用双音电光相位调制的边带与移频光载波的外差拍频, 对外差拍频信号进行频谱分析, 获得电光相位调制器的半波电压; 通过设定双音调制信号的频率关系, 克服了探测器光电转换中的不平坦频率响应, 实现了自校准测量. 该方法可扩展探测器和频谱仪的测试频率两倍以上, 节省至少一半的带宽需求. 与光谱测量方法相比, 该方法测试分辨率大幅提高且避免了光源线宽的影响; 与传统电域测量方法相比, 该方法无须额外校准, 无驱动功率和工作波长限制, 且对测试仪器带宽需求降低一半以上. 实验证实了所提方法获得的电光相位调制器半波电压的测量结果与光谱分析法获得的结果一致, 且大幅度地提高了测量范围和分辨率. 该方法提供了非常简单的电光相位调制器微波特性化分析方法, 对其他光电子器件分析也提供了参考.     

Photonic approach to the measurement of time-difference-of-arrival and angle-of-arrival of a microwave signal

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a photonic approach to the measurement of the time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) and the angle-of-arrival (AOA) of a microwave signal. In the proposed system, the TDOA and the AOA are equivalently converted into a phase shift between two replicas of a microwave signal received at two cascaded modulators. The light wave from a CW laser is externally modulated by the microwave signal at the first modulator, which is biased to suppress the optical carrier, leading to the generation of two first-order sidebands, which are further modulated by the phase-delayed microwave signal at the second modulator. Two optical components at the carrier wavelength are generated. The total power at the carrier wavelength is a function of the phase shift due to the coherent interference between the two components. Thus, by measuring the optical power, the phase shift is estimated. The AOA is calculated from the measured phase shifts. In our experiment, the phase shift of a microwave signal at 18 GHz from -160° to 40° is measured with measurement errors of less than ±2.5°.     

星间微波光子链路调制方式的优化

针对外调制星间微波光子链路输出信噪比优化问题,建立了基于双电极马赫 曾德尔调制器的强度调制直接探测星间微波光子链路模型,通过优化调制器调制方式来提高链路性能。用数值模拟方法得到了单边带、双边带和推挽式3种调制方式下链路输出信噪比,利用曲面投影法求得了最优调制方式时一定信噪比要求下发射端所需最小光放大器增益和对应的调制器直流偏置相位。结果表明:相同输入射频信号功率和发射光功率情况下,双边带调制输出信噪比比单边带调制高3 dB,低直流偏置相位推挽调制可以进一步优化输出信噪比。输入射频信号功率为-20 dBm,输出信噪比为17.3 dB时,所需最小光放大器增益为43.9 dB,对应的直流偏置相位为0.87。     

基于双通道马赫曾德尔调制器调制边带滤波的微波光子移相器

提出了一种基于双通道马赫曾德尔调制器(DPMZM)调制边带滤波的微波光子移相器。在双通道马赫曾德尔调制器的结构中,在一路马赫曾德尔干涉仪上实现抑制光载波的双边带调制输出,而在另一路马赫曾德尔的相位调节臂上通过调节偏置电压实现光载波信号的光学移相,两路光信号经过干涉合路后由光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)滤除其中一个一阶边带,最后输入到光电探测器(PD)进行光电转换得到移相的微波信号。实验结果表明,基于DPMZM调制边带滤波的微波光子移相器具有传输特性稳定、输出幅度波动小的优点。该结构还具有相移调节响应速度快、应用频带宽以及移相范围大于360°等特点。     

Photonic instantaneous measurement of microwave frequency using fiber Bragg grating

A photonic approach to realizing instantaneous measurement of microwave frequency based on optical monitoring using a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is proposed and demonstrated. In the approach, a frequency-unknown microwave signal is modulated on an optical carrier in a Mach-Zehnder modulator biased at the minimum transmission point. After detecting the transmission and reflection optical powers at the output of the FBG, the microwave frequency can be determined according to the value of transmission-to-reflection power ratio, due to the fixed relationship between the microwave frequency and the power ratio. A proof-of-concept experiment has been performed, which demonstrates that a measurement resolution of ±0.08 GHz over a 10 GHz measurement bandwidth is achieved. The measurement performance in terms of resolution is better than previously reported results.     

Microwave Photonic Phase Shifter Based on an Integrated Dual-polarization Dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder Modulator without Optical Filter

ABSTRACT

A frequency-doubled microwave photonic phase shifter (MPPS) without optical filter is proposed. The MPPS is based on an integrated dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach-Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM) and a polarization modulator (PolM). The DP-DPMZM with a 90° polarization rotator in one arm is used to generate an optical carrier suppressed double sideband (OCS-DSB) signal with orthogonal polarization, and the PolM with two modes opposite phase modulation is used to introduce the optical phase shift between the two orthogonally polarized tones. Simulations show that the MPPS can realize a continuously tunable phase shift of 360° with only one DC bias voltage, and is not sensitive to the optical carrier wavelength and microwave signal frequency since no optical filter is used.     

Microwave Photonic Up- and Down-Converter with Tunable Phase Shift Based on an Integrated Dual-Polarization Dual-Parallel Mach–Zehnder Modulator without Optically Filtering

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we propose and numerically simulate a microwave photonic phase-tunable frequency converter (MPPTFC) without optically filtering to realize both frequency up- and down-conversion and a full 360° phase-shift for the microwave signal based on an integrated dual-polarization dual-parallel Mach–Zehnder modulator (DP-DPMZM). In the proposed scheme, both microwave RF signal and frequency-tunable local oscillator (LO) are modulated on the lightwave by single-sideband carrier suppression (SSB-CS) modulation to generate optical orthogonally polarized optical tones carrying RF signal with up- or down-converted frequency. A PolM that can support lightwave modulation with opposite modulation indices in transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes is used to introduce a phase difference between the two modes. Then the orthogonally polarized optical tones are aligned into a single polarized state by a polarizer (Pol) and detected by a photodiode (PD), a frequency-converted and phase-shifted microwave signal can be obtained. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed MPPTFC can up-/down-convert the microwave signal with a tunable frequency shift of LO frequency and realize a 360° continuously tunable phase shift via the DC bias voltage of the PolM simultaneously.     

基于受激布里渊散射的宽带宽和高精度的微波频率瞬时测量

提出了一种基于受激布里渊散射效应的瞬时频率测量方法.未知信号经过强度调制作为泵浦光,矢量网络分析仪产生的信号经过相位调制作为扫描信号光,当泵浦光和扫描信号光之间满足相位匹配条件时,受激布里渊散射效应发生并实现相位调制到强度调制的转换,未知信号的频率被测量.实验验证可以测量0.5 GHz-27 GHz的微波信号的频率,最大误差小于20 MHz.     

采用正交光功率比值的光子型微波频率测量方案设计

通过构建两个正交的光功率比值,以光子技术实施微波频率测量.首先,待测微波信号经外调制器加载到连续光源上,在单边带载波抑制调制下仅得到单个光边带;以光学梳状滤波器对其进行滤波处理,在输出端检测得到随微波频率增大而呈现余弦函数和正弦函数变化趋势的两个光功率;将这两个光功率与参考光功率进行比较后,进而得到余弦函数型和正弦函数...     

All-optical broadband phase modulation of a subcarrier in a radio over fiber system

An optical modulator that provides broadband phase modulation of microwave subcarriers directly in the photonic domain has been proposed. This modulator, which involves no millimeter-wave device, can provide a dispersion-tolerant output signal with arbitrary phase shift. Therefore it has wide applications in high-frequency radio over fiber systems employing complex constellation modulation. Simulations and a proof-of-concept experiment demonstrate the feasibility of the modulator.     

二次偏振调制测距系统中调制频率与测距精度的关系

本文在基于二次偏振调制激光测距系统的基础上, 对调制频率与激光测距系统精度的关系做了深入的理论推导和实验验证. 最终得出结论: 相位法激光测距系统的测量精度会随着调制频率的增大而提高, 且精度的提高程度正比于调制频率的不确定度Δf与测程范围内半波长数N值的比值. 并通过选取合适的调制频率来提高系统的测距精度, 提高后的测距精度可达10^-7.     

基于可调光延迟线的光子学微波频率测量

提出了一种基于可调光延迟线的光子学微波频率测量方法.经同一微波信号调制的两个不同波长光载波在经过一段可调色散介质传输后,解调输出两路具有不同相位的微波信号,得到的相干微波功率随着色散量的改变出现周期性变化,由此周期可得到输入微波频率值.采用由8个磁光开关和1.6 km单模光纤构成的7-bit光纤延迟线实现色散量的调节....     

A photonic approach for microwave/millimeter-wave frequency measurement using stimulated brillouin scattering in single mode fiber

A photonic approach for microwave/millimeter-wave (MMW) frequency measurement is proposed and demonstrated based on stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) of a 20-km standard single mode fiber (SSMF). After the MMW signal is modulated to a laser source with two sidebands using optical carrier suppression (OCS) modulation, its frequency can be easily measured by monitoring the SBS-induced amplification with a power meter. Due to the 1-pm resolution of a tunable pump laser source, a frequency measurement range of 1–40 GHz is demonstrated in our experiment with a frequency resolution of 125 MHz. We believe the frequency measurement range can be further extended to satisfy photonic radar front-end processing application.     

基于注入半导体激光器的微波副载波相位调制信号产生

光载无线技术是解决终端超宽带无线通信的重要方法,光信号与微波/毫米波信号的融合处理技术在光-无线的数据格式转换中至关重要.提出了一种基于相位调制信号光注入Fabry-Perot型半导体激光器实现微波副载波相位调制信号产生的方法.光学注入半导体激光器的输出光场会产生一周期(P1)振荡效应, P1振荡产生的边带实现了相位调制信号光的调制分量的放大,被放大的调制分量与注入光载波在激光器腔内拍频形成微波副载波.注入光相位的变化导致新产生的微波副载波相位变化, 实现了注入信号光相位信息转化为微波副载波相位信息.本系统完成1.3 Gb/s, 2.7 Gb/s, 2 Gb/s光相位调制信号到微波副载波相位调制信号的转换,并测量了微波的单边带相位噪声. 通过光电转换和电域混频将还原出的光基带信号与原信号进行逻辑对比,证明了数据信息转换的正确性.     

基于弹光调制的高灵敏旋光测量

为了实现连续稳定、高速、高精度和高灵敏度的光学旋光测量, 考虑到弹光偏振调制技术具有高的调制频率、调制纯度、调制精度和良好的调制稳定度等应用优势, 设计了一种基于弹光调制的旋光测量新方案. 检测激光经起偏器、测量样品、弹光调制器和检偏器到探测器的光路设计, 使得测量系统选用较少的光学器件, 最大化地降低了光学器件可能引入的测量误差; 起偏器和检偏器偏振轴相对于弹光调制器快轴方向分别取0°和45°的光学安排, 并选择弹光调制的二倍频信号作为研究对象, 有效避免了弹光调制器剩余双折射对旋光样品测量的影响, 提高了旋光测量精确度; 将探测器输出调制信号的直流和交流分开输出, 并将交流信号进行前置放大处理, 然后再锁相输出, 进一步提高了测量灵敏度. 设计了将激光调制为圆偏光, 然后精确调节起偏器来替代样品的旋光测量验证试验, 确定了系统旋光测量的比列系数, 并且获得旋光测量灵敏度为3.15×10^-7 rad, 测量精度优于0.3%. 所以, 本方案实现了较高灵敏度旋光测量, 有望应用于高灵敏旋光测量领域, 并且本方案的实验可为高灵敏旋光测量系统的定标提供参考.     

Photonic microwave phase shifter/modulator based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror incorporating a Mach-Zehnder interferometer

We realize a novel photonic microwave phase shifter/modulator based on a nonlinear optical loop mirror incorporating a Mach-Zehnder interferometer. A near-linear phase shifter exceeding 180 degrees and a phase modulation with 2.5 Gbit/s baseband signal are obtained for a 10 GHz microwave signal by this proposed device.     

A MZI-based photonic instantaneous microwave frequency measurement simplified by an optical polarizer

A novel photonic scheme of microwave signal frequency measurement with adjustable measurement range and resolution is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The proposed scheme is based on simultaneous optical phase modulation and intensity modulation with interferometric detection. A low-pass frequency response is achieved by a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) while a bandpass frequency response is produced by a polarizer placed on the back instead of in front of the MZI. The microwave frequency can be estimated by the measured amplitude comparison function (ACF) obtained from the ratio of the two frequency responses. This scheme is simple, cost-effective as it requires no extra laser sources or modulators in the basic analog modulation link. The measurement errors as shown in experimental results can be kept in 0.1 GHz over a frequency range of 0.1–8.5 GHz.