硫化物在铂电极上电氧化时空动力学的模型模拟和分析(英文)

根据铂电极上硫化物电催化氧化的反应机理,本文提取动力学模型并利用数值模拟研究了N型负微分阻抗(N-NDR)振荡区域的电极表面时空反应动力学.在均相体系模拟中观察到电流简单振荡和复杂振荡,其来源于双电层电势自催化与传质限制和毒化物种吸附负反馈的相互耦合.为了更接近于真实体系,在模型中考虑了平行和垂直于电极表面两个方向的传质过程.模拟结果发现了与实验现象具有相同演化行为的复杂斑图,如行波和闪烁波;同时在传质耦合体系模拟中观察到双电层电势双臂螺旋波.本研究工作促进对电化学体系时空斑图的理解和预测.     

H2O2—H2SO4体系电化学振荡行为的研究

Ｈ２Ｏ２参与的电化学振荡反应长期以来倍受人们的关注［１,２,３］,文献［１］报道了Ａｇ电极在Ｈ２Ｏ２－ＨＣｌＯ４水溶液中的电势振荡现象;文献［２］报道了Ｐｔ电极Ｈ２Ｏ２－Ｈ２ＳＯ４体系在控电流条件下的电势振荡,其实验的Ｈ２Ｏ２浓度范围为０．０２～０．...     

2，2＇-联吡啶在化学镀铜中的作用研究

研究了以次磷酸钠作还原剂的化学镀铜体系，添加剂2，2＇-联吡啶对化学镀铜沉积速率、次磷酸钠阳极氧化和铜离子阴极还原、以及镀层形貌、结构和组分存在状态的影响．结果表明，2，2＇-联吡啶对化学沉积起阻化作用．电化学线性伏安扫描实验显示，镀液中加入2，2＇-联吡啶，次磷酸钠的氧化峰电势有所负移，但峰电流减小；铜离子的还原峰电势负移，但峰电流逐渐增大．扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能量色散谱（EDS）、X射线衍射（XRD）及X射线光电子能谱（XPS）等实验分别表明，添加剂使镀层致密和光亮、镍含量降低；镀层为Cu-Ni合金，呈面心立方结构，无明显晶面择优取向现象；镀层中铜和镍以金属态存在，磷的质量含量小于0．05％．     

光敏BZ振荡封闭体系振荡频率关系的研究

溴离子是振荡反应的抑制剂，其浓度减小的速率决定了振荡周期中自催化诱导期持续的时间，而振荡周期的总时长则取决于自催化诱导期，因此，溴离子能够影响体系振荡周期。而体系初始存在溴离子时，体系振荡频率与光强的动力学关系尚未研究。因此，在这项工作中，建立了Ru(bpy)₃²⁺催化Belousov-Zhabotinsky(BZ)均相封闭体系，研究溴离子存在时，体系振荡频率与光强的动力学关系，探究BZ反应物浓度对体系振荡频率曲线的影响。研究发现，初始存在溴离子时，体系振荡频率与光强之间仍然存在非单调关系。反应溶液中初始溴化钠浓度对于各反应物调制“振荡频率-光强”的效应起到不同作用：随着NaBrO₃浓度和MA浓度增高，体系振荡频率整体上向高频区域移动；随着HNO₃浓度的增加，体系振荡频率先向低频区域移动再向高频区域移动；随着NaBr浓度的增加，体系振荡频率向低频区域移动。这一研究为非线性系统的基础研究提供理论参考。     

丝氨酸-BrO_3~--Mn~(2+)-Fe(phen)_3~(2+)-H_2SO_4体系化学振荡反应及催化机理的研究

本文首次报导了丝氨酸-BrO_3~--Mn~(2+)-Fe(phen)_3~(2+)-H_2SO_4体系的化学振荡反应,测定了振荡反应的浓度范围及最佳反应条件;分析了反应产物;研究了反应物浓度、反应温度、Cl~-、自由基抑制剂、CCl_4、丙酮等对振荡反应的影响;讨论了Br~-及Br_2在振荡反应中的作用,并对振荡反应机理作了研究。在此基础上,进一步研究了Br_2在振荡反应中的动力学行为,研究了三种BZ反应中常用作催化剂的金属离子(Ce~(3+)、Mn~(2+)及Fe(phen)_3~(2+))单独存在时的振荡现象。实验发现,当Mn~(2+)存在时,体系可发生三次振荡,而Ce~(3+)或Fe(phen)_3~(2+)存在时,均不能发生振荡。在Mn~(2+)存在时,加入Fe(phen)_3~(2+)可使振荡次数大为增加,此时Fe(phen)_3~(2+)为振荡反应的催化剂。文中对金属离子的催化机理作了系统的研究。     

皂类液膜振荡器

实验发现了一类新型液膜振荡器,在油水两相之间进行成皂反应的过程中,界面附近出现了长时间规则的大幅度pH振荡,将W/O两相体系换成W1/O/W2三相体系,振幅从0.50 pH明显提高到2.88 pH.其中水相组成为CTAB溶液及NaOH溶液,油相组成为油酸的煤油溶液.同时,此类液膜振荡体系中亦存在明显的电势振荡和电导率振荡.为深入了解机理,进行了浓度影响测定,电极位置和种类的变化以及辅助实验等,提出了普遍化的机理,并进行了实验振荡曲线的拟合对比.这个机理指出,在膜反应批量进行的条件下,当反应速率与扩散成比例时,便会产生规则的周期现象.在一价皂液膜振荡器的基础上,通过替换或添加各种金属盐,形成了各类高价皂液膜振荡器,测定了反应过程中pH、电势及电导率的变化.经过同类化学振荡器的比较研究,结合金属离子与酸根之间的络合作用,得出了其中的一些规律.     

Na2SeO3在Fe电极上还原和吸附机理

采用循环伏安法、恒电势电解法、恒电流阶跃法及交流阻抗法研究Na2SeO3提高锌锰合金电沉积电流效率的作用机理.证明在锌锰合金电沉积的条件下，Na2SeO3 阴极被还原为Se32－并吸附在阴极表面上，从而阻止了氢原子在阴极表面的吸附，因而减少了氢离子的阴极还原.拟定了Na2SeO3的反应和吸附机理，用交流阻抗法进一步证明了所拟机理的正确性.     

N2O分解反应中复杂动力学行为的模拟

在多相催化反应中，自ZO多年前第一次在实验中观察到反应的振荡现象以来，现已发现在许多催化反应中都存在振荡现象山．N。O分解是一个振荡反应问．我们在用MonteCarloMC）方法研究N20分解反应机理时，曾发现反应速率和表面覆盖度在一定条件下都会出现振荡现象＊．非统性理论的研究表明，体系内部只要存在非线性的相互作用就可能表现出一些复杂的动力学行为，如振荡和混饨等．N。O分解反应中的振荡行为，也是由于体系内部非线性相互作用的结果·本文用非线性动力学的方法研究N。O分解反应中表面氧覆盖度的振荡行为，发现振荡在一定条…     

不同pH下多晶Au电极上的氧还原反应

利用旋转圆盘电极体系系统研究了不同pH下氧气在多晶Au电极上的还原反应,并计算了不同pH条件及不同超电势范围内的Tafel斜率.研究发现,同在酸性（但是pH不同）或同在碱性（但是pH不同）的介质中氧还原起始电位以及纯粹动力学控制区（电流较小的区域）的氧还原电流几乎不随溶液的pH值而变化.酸性条件下以及碱性条件的高超电势范围内,Tafel斜率接近120mV/dec;而碱性条件的低超电势范围内,Tafel斜率接近60mV/dec.金电极上ORR的活化超电势随着pH值的增加而降低约79mV/pH.初步讨论了pH对氧还原机理和动力学的影响及其内在原因.     

2,2′-联吡啶在化学镀铜中的作用研究

研究了以次磷酸钠作还原剂的化学镀铜体系,添加剂2,2′-联吡啶对化学镀铜沉积速率、次磷酸钠阳极氧化和铜离子阴极还原、以及镀层形貌、结构和组分存在状态的影响.结果表明,2,2′-联吡啶对化学沉积起阻化作用.电化学线性伏安扫描实验显示,镀液中加入2,2′-联吡啶,次磷酸钠的氧化峰电势有所负移,但峰电流减小;铜离子的还原峰电势负移,但峰电流逐渐增大.扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能量色散谱(EDS)、X射线衍射(XRD)及X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等实验分别表明,添加剂使镀层致密和光亮、镍含量降低;镀层为Cu-Ni合金,呈面心立方结构,无明显晶面择优取向现象;镀层中铜和镍以金属态存在,磷的质量含量小于0.05%.     

锂离子电池正极材料Li_3V_2(PO_4)_3的制备及性能研究

应用碳热还原法制备了表面碳包覆的Li3V2(PO4)3材料.X射线衍射、红外光谱和透射电镜表征样品的结构及形貌.结果表明,该合成样品为纯相的Li3V2(PO4)3晶体,颗粒尺寸100nm左右.电化学阻抗谱测试表明,该材料在3.0～4.3V电位区间的锂离子扩散系数比它在3.0～4.8V区间的高约3个数量级.另外,前者的电荷转移电阻也明显低于后者.因而,其循环性能也明显优于后者的循环性能.     

Influence of surface oxygen groups on V(II) oxidation reaction kinetics

The role of surface oxygen groups on the kinetics of the V(II) oxidation reaction was studied on modified glassy carbon (GC) electrodes by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The reaction was found to be sensitive to the presence of oxygen groups on the electrode surface. Higher O/C ratios determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) corresponded to higher reactivities and lower charge transfer resistances measured in a 1 M V(II) electrolyte. The stability of an oxidised GC surface was also investigated in a 1 M V(II) electrolyte by potential holding and cycling experiments. It was found that after holding and cycling to successively more negative potentials up to − 0.8 V/RHE, the electrode surface lost its initial reactivity.     

Zn/V2O5水相二次电池的交流阻抗研究

钒的氧化物,特别是Ｖ6Ｏ13与Ｖ2Ｏ5,由于具有层状结构,可以嵌入一定量的小体积阳离子而保持原有的晶体结构基本不变,因而作为电池的可逆嵌入电极材料,一直受到广泛重视[1-9].从考虑降低电池生产成本、提高电池的安全性和充分利用我国的钒资源角度出发,本课题组研究了锌与一些钒氧化物组成的二次电池,主要是Ｚｎ/Ｖ6Ｏ13有机相二次电池[10]和Ｚｎ/Ｖ2Ｏ5水相二次电池[11,12].研究结果表明,在一定范围内,锌离子能够可逆地嵌入到上述钒氧化物的层状结构中.该类二次电池具有价格低、安全性能好、能量密度大并具有适度的循环寿命和贮存寿命等优点…     

Polythiophene films on gold electrodes: a comparison of bulk and contact resistances in aqueous and organic media

Recently, developed technique for separated analysis of bulk and contact resistance was applied for the investigation of polythiophene films electropolymerized in boron trifluoride diethylether. Kinetics of polymer resistance and for the first time of the contact resistance during polymer oxidation and reduction were characterized. Influence of electrochemically controlled oxidation state on the polymer bulk and the polymer/metal contact resistance was measured in aqueous and organic environment. Variation of the electrical potential from ?0.2 to 1.1?V vs. Ag/AgCl (sat) leads to an increase of the polymer conductivity for about three orders of magnitude and to a decrease of the contact resistance for about three orders of magnitude. The potential dependence of the two resistances was different, especially at high anodic potentials. In organic solution, the change of both resistances was more than six orders of magnitude. The results were compared with electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical data, a difference in the material behavior depending on the electrolyte solvent was observed. The influence of electrical potential on polymer resistance in aqueous solution was explained quantitatively by a three-state model with the values of oxidation potential +0.3 and +1.2?V.     

纳米TiO2-Pt修饰电极的制备及其电催化活性

循环伏安;纳米TiO2-Pt修饰电极的制备及其电催化活性     

Zn/V2O5水相二次电池的交流阻抗研究

The dependence of charge transfer resistances of electrodes in the aqueous Zn/V 2O 5 secondary battery on the Zn 2+ amount intercalated was studied by means of AC impedance experiments. The results showed that the electrode reaction on cathode was controlled by the diffusion of Zn 2+ at the beginning of the discharge process. With the increase of Zn 2+ amount intercalated into the cathode, the reaction became a kinetic controlled process, i.e.a process controlled by intercalation of Zn 2+ in V 2O 5.     

Polythiophene films on gold electrodes: a comparison of bulk and contact resistances in aqueous and organic media

Recently, developed technique for separated analysis of bulk and contact resistance was applied for the investigation of polythiophene films electropolymerized in boron trifluoride diethylether. Kinetics of polymer resistance and for the first time of the contact resistance during polymer oxidation and reduction were characterized. Influence of electrochemically controlled oxidation state on the polymer bulk and the polymer/metal contact resistance was measured in aqueous and organic environment. Variation of the electrical potential from −0.2 to 1.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl (sat) leads to an increase of the polymer conductivity for about three orders of magnitude and to a decrease of the contact resistance for about three orders of magnitude. The potential dependence of the two resistances was different, especially at high anodic potentials. In organic solution, the change of both resistances was more than six orders of magnitude. The results were compared with electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical data, a difference in the material behavior depending on the electrolyte solvent was observed. The influence of electrical potential on polymer resistance in aqueous solution was explained quantitatively by a three-state model with the values of oxidation potential +0.3 and +1.2 V.

     

Mott-Schottky Analysis and Impedance Spectroscopy of TiO2/6T and ZnO/6T devices

Schottky junctions have been realized by evaporating gold spots on top of sexithiophen (6T), which is deposited on TiO 2 or ZnO with e-beam and spray pyrolysis. Using Mott-Schottky analysis of 6T/TiO2 and 6T/ZnO devices acceptor densities of 4.5x10(16) and 3.7x10(16) cm(-3) are obtained, respectively. For 6T/TiO2 deposited with the e-beam evaporation a conductivity of 9x10(-8) S cm(-1) and a charge carrier mobility of 1.2x10(-5) cm2/V s is found. Impedance spectroscopy is used to model the sample response in detail in terms of resistances and capacitances. An equivalent circuit is derived from the impedance measurements. The high-frequency data are analyzed in terms of the space-charge capacitance. In these frequencies shallow acceptor states dominate the heterojunction time constant. The high-frequency RC time constant is 8 micros. Deep acceptor states are represented by a resistance and a CPE connected in series. The equivalent circuit is validated in the potential range (from -1.2 to 0.8 V) for 6T/ZnO obtained with spray pyrolysis.     

TiO2电极表面氰基吡啶吸附的电化学SERS光谱

采用基于核壳纳米粒子的壳层隔绝纳米粒子增强拉曼(SHINERS)以及Au纳米粒子增强技术, 对比研究了4-氰基吡啶(4-CNPy)在TiO2表面的吸附行为. 结果表明, 采用2种技术所获得的光谱存在明显的差别. 利用前者得到了4-CNPy在TiO2电极上随电极电位变化的吸附方式. 在电位为0时, 分子以吡啶环上的N垂直吸附; 随电位负移, 部分分子变为倾斜吸附, 且在电位为-1.0 V时倾斜角度变大. 在正电位区间, 分子始终以吡啶环上的N垂直吸附. 而采用Au纳米粒子滴加在TiO2电极上的方式, 则得到吸附在TiO2, Au及TiO2/Au复合结构上的总光谱信息.