电子散斑干涉载频调制形貌测量方法的分析

根据电子散斑干涉载频调制测量物体形貌的基本原理,物体表面的微小偏转可引入包含物体高度信息的载波干涉条纹。将物体的偏转视为变形,对物体变形与载波干涉条纹之间的关系进行了讨论,得出了离面位移引入载波和面内位移引入含有物体高度信息相位的结论。发现利用典型电子散斑干涉系统测量物体形貌效果最好,并通过实验得到了验证。     

直流清洗电极电场对束流参数影响的测量与研究

 本文采用保角变换法推导了直流清洗电极电场的计算公式,分析和研究了合肥光源直流清洗电极电场对束流参数的影响。例如,直流清洗电场存在垂直方向的二极分量将引起闭轨变化,四分量将产生工作点偏移,六极分量会产生附加校正色品。并给出了一些测量结果。     

Color transfer method preserving perceived lightness

Color transfer originally proposed by Reinhard et al. is a method to change the color appearance of an input image by using the color information of a reference image. The purpose of this study is to modify color transfer so that it works well even when the scenes of the input and reference images are not similar. Concretely, a color transfer method with lightness correction and color gamut adjustment is proposed. The lightness correction is applied to preserve the perceived lightness which is explained by the Helmholtz–Kohlrausch (H–K) effect. This effect is the phenomenon that vivid colors are perceived as brighter than dull colors with the same lightness. Hence, when the chroma is changed by image processing, the perceived lightness is also changed even if the physical lightness is preserved after the image processing. In the proposed method, by considering the H–K effect, color transfer that preserves the perceived lightness after processing is realized. Furthermore, color gamut adjustment is introduced to address the color gamut problem, which is caused by color space conversion. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by performing some experiments.     

Effective absorption enhancement in small molecule organic solar cells using trapezoid gratings

We demonstrate that the optical absorption is enhanced in small molecule organic solar cells by using a trapezoid grating structure. The enhanced absorption is mainly attributed to both waveguide modes and surface plasmon modes, which is simulated by using finite-difference time-domain method. The simulated results show that the surface plasmon along the semitransparent metallic Ag anode is excited by introducing the periodical trapezoid gratings, which induce the increase of high intensity field in the donor layer. Meanwhile, the waveguide modes result in a high intensity field in acceptor layer. The increase of field improves the absorption of organic solar cells significantly, which is demonstrated by simulating the electrical properties. The simulated results also show that the short-circuit current is increased by 31% in an optimized device, which is supported by the experimental measurement. Experimental result shows that the power conversion efficiency of the grating sample is increased by 7.7%.     

二次彩虹法测量高折射率玻璃微珠折射率研究

基于米氏散射理论解释了激光照明下玻璃微珠的二次彩虹精细结构的成因,发现折射率的差异将直接影响二次彩虹精细结构的位置.对于实验中玻璃微珠半径变化引起二次彩虹精细结构间距变化的现象亦用米氏散射理论进行了模拟分析和实验研究.利用米氏散射的近似理论——艾里理论对玻璃微珠的折射率进行了测量.在对玻璃微珠二次彩虹精细结构所计算得到的折射率的统计分析基础上,通过校正测量误差后得到了玻璃微珠折射率的准确数据.     

数字散斑相关方法实现鼠标定位原理

在激光鼠标工作原理的基础上,利用数字散斑相关方法对激光鼠标的定位原理进行了研究。设计实验得到散斑场并用数码相机拍摄。用图像采集卡采集CCD扫描数散斑图像得到的图像,将图像数字化,分析数据得到了图像最优采样的像素单元和图像位移两个参量。基于两个参量,实验采集散斑图像在一定的轨迹运动下的散斑场,用Matlab软件模拟,并比较分析了实验和模拟结果。结果表明,用数字散斑相关方法可以实现激光鼠标的定位功能,并且分辨力可达到1μm,远高于市场上激光鼠标30μm的分辨力。     

Magnetothermal resistivity of antiferromagnetic insulator

Magnetothermal resistivity of an antiferromagnetic insulator is calculated by assuming that the thermal energy is carried mainly by phonons which are scattered by spin fluctuations. The spin system is treated by the Green function method.     

重频应用下等离子体电光开关热退偏损耗分析

 基于有限元数值方法,给出电光晶体KDP在高平均功率激光负载下温度场分布和应力场分布。在此基础上得到了折射率随温度变化、电光系数随温度变化、及应力双折射引入的退偏损耗。数值模拟显示：电光系数随温度变化和应力双折射是引起开关退偏损耗的主要因素。当入射激光平均功率为40 W、辐照时间为420 s时,KDP晶体最高温度为38.43 ℃,电光系数随温度变化及应力双折射引入的最大退偏损耗分别为2.38%和4.04%。实验测量了应力双折射导致的退偏损耗,实验结果和理论结果符合较好。     

On the refinement of the theoretical model for a high-voltage spiral generator

The principle of operation of high-voltage pulse generators proposed by Fitch and Howell and independently by Belkin and Zharkova (1961) is analyzed. It is shown that the Fitch-Howell spiral generator is a particular case of the Belkin-Zharkova transformer. Models are suggested making it possible to describe the performance capabilities of the spiral generator for the case of nonideal geometry and operating conditions. A radically modified Ruhl-Herziger model improving the calculation accuracy by several times is presented. Comparison between calculation results and experimental data shows that the spiral generator is best described by the Tesla coil model when the number of turns is small and the inductance of the switch is high or by the modified Ruhl-Herziger model when the number of turns is large and the inductance of the switch is low.     

采用热处理方法提高MEH-PPV单层聚合物有机发光二极管发光性能的研究

对以MEH－PPV为发光层的单层聚合物有机发光二极管（OLED）器件在最佳条件下进行真空热处理，并用金相显微镜观察施加电压后器件的阴极表面形貌。发现处理后的器件阴极表面的气泡及黑斑明显减少。器件的发光性能显著提高。与未经处理的器件相比，最大相对发光强度提高了一个数量级、启亮电压降低了2．0V，半寿命提高了12．7倍。初步分析表明热处理方法提高器件发光性能的主要原因在于有效地减少了器件在工作过程中由于焦耳热产生的某些气体，从而减少阴极表面气泡及黑斑的出现，另一方面，热处理方法也增强了有机发光层与阴极接触界面的结合力，提高电子注入水平。     

基于多次平移的平面绝对检测仿真

将待测面形表示为多项式的和,通过分别沿x,y向多次平移待检光学元件得到移动前后待测元件面形差,采用最小二乘法拟合多项式系数,得到待检光学元件的绝对面形。推导了多次平移法的理论公式,并进行了仿真实验,模拟了移动次数、移动间隔和采样点数对测量精度的影响。仿真结果表明:待测平面与初始平面残差图的均方根值为5.118×10~(-13)λ,理论误差达到高精度平面面形检测要求。     

根据激光单脉冲能量空间分布测量激光横模结构的方法

针对脉冲激光器,提出了一种根据激光单脉冲能量空间分布测量激光横模结构的方法,构造了相应算法,并通过理论和实验验证了该方法.通过对调Q二极管泵浦固体激光器的调Q过程进行数值模拟,计算出单脉冲能量空间分布曲线和各阶横模比例,同时根据单脉冲能量空间分布曲线上一些离散点计算出各阶横模比例,且与调Q过程数值模拟的直接计算结果相等.同时在实验中根据测量出的单脉冲能量相对值,计算出各阶横模比例,拟合出腔外不同距离处的单脉冲能量空间分布曲线.对腔外不同距离处单脉冲能量相对值和相应拟合曲线进行比较,发现测量值和拟合曲线吻合.     

光伏半导体器件对能量小于禁带宽度光子的响应机理研究

利用光子能量为0.12 eV的10.6 μm连续激光分别辐照了禁带宽度为0.91和0.33 eV的光伏碲镉汞探测器. 实验表明,激光辐照下禁带宽度为0.91 eV的探测器输出正电压,而禁带宽度为0.33 eV的探测器对激光的响应方向却与之相反. 为了研究此现象,利用功率密度一定的10.6 μm激光辐照不同开路电压状态下禁带宽度为0.91 eV的探测器,实验结果证实初始开路电压是产生输出电压反向现象的原因. 对这一机理进一步分析发现,光伏探测器在光子能量小于禁带宽度的激光辐照下,其开路电压是热激发载流子导致的热生电动势和自由载流子吸收导致的晶格热效应共同决定的. 关键词： 能量小于禁带宽度的光子 光伏碲镉汞探测器 热生电动势 晶格热效应     

Directed spontaneous emission from an extended ensemble of N atoms: timing is everything

A collection of static atoms is fixed in a crystal at a low temperature and prepared by a pulse of incident radiation of wave vector . The atoms are well described by an entangled Dicke-like state, in which each atom carries a characteristic phase factor exp(ik0.r(j)), where is the atomic position in the crystal. It is shown that a single photon absorbed by the N atoms will be followed by spontaneous emission in the same direction. Furthermore, phase matched emission is found when one photon is absorbed by N atoms followed by two-photon down-conversion.     

On the effective viscosity of nanosuspensions

The effective viscosity of nanosuspensions is simulated using the molecular dynamics method. It is found that viscosity is controlled not only by the volume concentration of nanoparticles, by also by their mass and diameter. The viscosity of even strongly rarefied nanosuspensions (with a low concentration of nanoparticles) cannot be described by the Einstein relation. This means that the mechanism responsible for the increase in the viscosity of the medium is not of hydrodynamic origin. It is shown that the formation of viscosity of nanosuspensions is associated to a considerable extent with nonequilibrium microfluctuations of density and velocity of the carrier medium, which are induced by the motion of nanoparticles.     

Scholte Wave at Air-Metal Interface Generated by a Pulsed Disc-Like Source

The normal displacement and pressure of Scholte and Leaky Rayleigh waves at air-metal interface generated by a pulsed disc-like source are simulated theoretically by the Cagniard-de Hoop method and studied by laser ultrasound technique experimentally. It is found that the Scholte wave detected by a photorefractive interferometer is mainly contributed by the surface pressure and the Leaky Rayleigh wave is dominated by the surface displacement. It is also proven that the pulse width of these interface waves is mainly determined by the acoustic time delay on the generating source size under our experimental conditions.     

纺织品近红外光谱定性分析的一种新方法

近红外光谱分析技术可用于对样本的快速无损检测,在人们的生产和生活中发挥着越来越重要的作用。支持向量机是建立定性分析模型的常用方法,可通过寻找最优分类超平面将两类样本分开。在小样本情况下,支持向量机方法有其独特的优势。主成分分析是常用的数据降维方法,可将数据降维之后作为支持向量机方法的输入变量,简化模型并提高模型识别的准确性。因此,基于主成分分析的支持向量机(简称PCA-SVM)适合用于建立近红外光谱定性分析模型。多模型方法是人们使用较少的建模方法,用该方法建立的模型一般具有较好的稳定性。将多模型方法与PCA-SVM方法成功结合形成了新方法。以棉锦混合、棉涤混合纺织品为例,用新方法建立了这两类纺织品样本的近红外光谱定性分析模型。建模时将光谱数据按照波长分为4组,用每组光谱数据建立一个子模型,将子模型的输出值进行加权平均便得到最终的预测结果。这样可以更充分地使用光谱数据中所包含的信息。为了便于对比不同的方法,仍使用上述校正集和验证集,又用PCA-SVM方法建立了这两类纺织品样本的近红外光谱定性分析模型。对预测结果做交叉验证,用新方法所建模型判别的正确率的平均值为85.49%,正确率的标准差为0.066 7, 用PCA-SVM方法所建模型判别的正确率的平均值为83.34%,正确率的标准差为0.109 6。研究结果表明用新方法所建模型的分类效果好于用PCA-SVM方法所建模型的分类效果;用新方法建立的模型的稳定性明显高于用PCA-SVM方法建立的模型的稳定性。用PCA-SVM方法所建模型的预测效果受校正集构成情况的影响较大,而用新方法所建模型的预测效果则相对稳定。对废旧纺织品进行分类回收可大量节约纺织原材料,但采用人工分拣方式效率低且成本高。采用近红外光谱分析方法对纺织品进行分类,为废旧纺织品的大规模精细分拣和分级奠定了一定的基础。该新方法有望用于某些其他类型样本的分类。     

Influence of viscosity on aerodynamic sound emission in free space

The theory of aerodynamic sound is reformulated with account taken of the influence of viscosity in the source flow on the sound emission in free space. This is based on the Ffowcs Williams form of the Lighthill equation. The source flow is assumed to be determined by a localized vorticity field and characterized by low Mach numbers and high Reynolds numbers. It is found that the acoustic pressure emitted by the viscous vortex motion is composed of a quadrupole and two kinds of monopole. The Reynolds stress in the source flow is decomposed into isotropic and non-isotropic parts. The non-isotropic part leads to the quadrupole wave derived by Möhring, while the isotropic part is related to one of the monopole-like waves radiated when the total kinetic energy changes. The other monopole wave is associated with entropy production by viscous dissipation of the kinetic energy. All three components are influenced by viscosity.     

光源对激光超声信号特性的影响分析

通过已搭建好的激光超声检测实验平台,在保持相同激光脉冲能量和相同探测位置的条件下,重点研究了点光源与线光源产生的超声信号的特点和区别。研究了不同探测位置点光源与线光源激发出的超声信号幅值以及产生的超声信号波形。实验发现:在同一探测位置下,将点光源换成线光源后,产生的超声信号幅值由1.3 V提高到1.7 V,提高了0.4 V;在探测位置逐渐增大的情况下,点光源激发出超声信号幅值的衰减幅度为75.78%,而线光源激发出的超声信号幅值的衰减幅度为34.92%。结果表明,在功率密度相同的情况下,线光源产生的超声信号要比点光源产生的超声信号幅值提高40.86%,产生较强的表面波,提高了信噪比。     

利用广义不确定关系计算Gibbons-Maeda黑洞的统计力学熵

利用广义不确定关系修正的态密度方程并采用WKB近似方法, 计算了Gibbons-Maeda黑洞时空中标量场的统计力学熵. 所得的统计力学熵与该黑洞的视界面积成正比, 与Brick-Wall方法所得的结果相同, 但不需要取任何截断就能避免Brick-Wall方法的发散问题. 关键词： 广义不确定关系 Gibbons-Maeda黑洞 态密度 统计力学熵