Enterococcus durans产胞外多糖EPS-Ⅰ的分离纯化和结构分析

乳酸菌(LAB)作为对人类健康有益的食品级微生物正日益受到国内外科研工作者的关注.乳酸菌所产胞外多糖(EPS)即是LAB在生长代谢过程中分泌到细胞壁外的粘液多糖或荚膜多糖.不同种类的LAB所产的胞外多糖也不同,其结构变化多样,生物活性与其空间结构、分子量、分支度和溶解度有密切关系^[1,2].近年来国外有报道分离得到具有抗肿瘤和抗炎活性的乳酸菌EPS-Ⅰ^[3,4],但是国内对乳酸菌所产胞外多糖的研究尚未见报道.本实验从鸡肠道中的一株乳酸菌Enterococcus durans的发酵液中分离纯化得到一种具有免疫活性的胞外多糖EPS-Ⅰ^[5,6],通过化学和光谱分析证明它是由葡萄糖和甘露糖组成的五糖重复单元聚合的多糖,同时得出EPS2的五糖重复单元结构.     

关白附中1,6-葡聚糖及其硫酸酯的抗补体活性

为研究关白附多糖及其硫酸酯的经典途径抗补体活性, 以关白附[Aconitum coreanum(Lévl.) Raipaics]为原料, 经水提醇沉、 DE-32、 Superdex-200和Superdex-75凝胶柱分离纯化, 得到1个均一的中性多糖KMPS-2A. 采用高效凝胶渗透色谱法、 甲基化、 核磁共振和红外光谱等手段对KMPS-2A的结构进行了鉴定; 采用氯磺酸吡啶法制备了多糖硫酸酯, 并测定了多糖及硫酸酯的抗补体活性. 结果表明, KMPS-2A的平均相对分子量为6.76×10⁵, 结构为α-1,6-D-Glc链接的线性多糖; 在氯磺酸与吡啶的体积比为1.75∶1.0时制备的多糖硫酸酯1.75B的取代度最高为1.79. 碳核磁谱分析结果表明, 硫酸基团先后取代C2, C3及C4位. 该多糖硫酸酯的抗补体活性与其硫酸基团取代度呈现一定的相关性, 多糖硫酸酯1.75B的经典途径抗补体活性优于阳性对照药肝素, 表明其具有开发成为补体抑制剂的潜力.     

3-乙酰基-2-芳基-5-(6-吲哚基)-1,3,4-噁二唑啉化合物的微波合成及表征

噁二唑啉化合物由于具有杀虫[1],杀菌[2],抗艾滋病毒[3]等生物活性受到药物化学家的广泛关注.而吲哚因独特的化学结构使其衍生出的化合物显示出重要的生物活性,如抗疟疾[4]、抗肿瘤[5]、抗糖尿病[6]等,可以用作HT受体抑制剂[7]、环氧酶抑制剂[8]等.鉴于不同活性的基团在同一分子中聚集能明显改善化合物的生物活性这一特性,本文将吲哚引入到噁二唑啉化合物中,以期实现活性的叠加,从而发现新的生物活性更好的化合物.     

肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖SPA的结构分析

肉苁蓉为稀有的名贵中药材 ,具有补肾、益精、润肠及抗衰老等功效 [1] .研究表明 ,肉苁蓉多糖具有延缓皮肤衰老、增强机体免疫功能、促进人体外成纤维细胞的生长及促进创伤愈合 [2 ] 等生理活性作用 .对于肉苁蓉多糖的深入研究尚未见报道 ,为探讨多糖的生物活性与结构的关系 ,本文对肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖 SPA组分进行结构分析 .有关肉苁蓉茎水溶性多糖 SPA组分的分离纯化过程见文献 [3].1　实验部分1 .1　试剂与仪器　 Sephadex G- 75 ( Pharmacia公司 ) ;二甲基亚砜 (江苏洪声化工厂 ) ;Shimadzu高压液相色谱 (日本岛津 ) ;Vavian 340 0…     

阴离子交换树脂分离香菇多糖中蛋白质

香菇多糖是从香菇中提取分离出的一种药用活性成分,具有抗肿瘤,抗病毒,提高人体免疫力等功能,在临床上具有很好的应用前景[1~3]。多糖的药效与多糖的纯度有很大关系,要得到较纯的多糖,工艺复杂,成本很高,因此市场上大多香菇多糖产品纯度较低。香菇多糖中难分离的杂质主要是蛋白     

黄烷酮衍生物的合成及杀灭钉螺活性研究

许多黄烷酮类化合物具有抗菌[1 ] 、抗炎[2～ 3] 、抗ＨＩＶ[4] 、抗肿瘤[5] 、抗氧化[6] 、抗诱变[7] 等诸多活性 ,还可以用于制作热敏材料[8]等。黄烷酮类化合物大多从植物中分离获得[9] ,目前 ,文献报道的合成方法也在逐渐增多[1 0～ 1 2 ] ,本文是采用肉桂酸衍生物与间苯三酚反应关环得到 3ａ～ 3ｈ一系列化合物并考察了它们杀灭钉螺的活性。其合成反应路线如下 :1　实验部分1 1　仪器与试剂81 0 0系列数字显示熔点仪 (温度计未经校正 ) ;2 4 0 0元素分析仪 ;日本岛津ＦＴＩＲ 82 0 1红外光谱仪 (ＫＢｒ压片法 ) ;ＦＸ 90Ｑ型核磁共振…     

中药多糖成分前处理及检测方法研究进展

多糖是中药的重要活性成分之一,具有降血脂、降血糖、增强免疫、抗肿瘤、抗氧化、抗凝血、抗炎症、抗衰老等活性。该类物质具有极性强、分子量大、结构难确证等特点,成为中药多糖新药开发的瓶颈。该文综述了近10年关于中药多糖成分的前处理及检测方法,以期为中药多糖定性定量分析,质量控制的提高,多糖药物深度开发和中药物质基础的全面研究提供参考。     

N-烟酰基壳寡糖的合成及其诱导烟草抗病毒作用

壳寡糖(chitooligosaccharides,COS)是聚合度为2-20的低聚β-(1,4)-2-脱氧-2-氨基葡萄糖,具有抑菌[1][2]、植物诱抗[3]、提高免疫力[4]、抑制肿瘤[5]、抑制血管紧张素转化酶[6]和降血脂[7][8]等多种生物功能。壳寡糖可生物降解、无毒,其诱导抗病活性已成功应用于多种植物病害的     

MoqRuyXz(X=S，Se，Te)纳米簇电催化还原氧的性能对比研究

直接甲醇燃料电池存有两个较为突出的技术问题,即:阳极催化剂活性低和甲醇渗透[1～4]。针对“甲醇渗透”(cross-over)问题有两种解决途径:一、使用低甲醇渗透率电解质膜(阻醇膜),二、使用抗甲醇氧还原电催化剂[4]。目前,多数改性或新型膜材料的阻醇率有一定提高,然而膜的电导率等指标不够理想[5～7]。抗甲醇氧还原催化材料的开发研究正逐渐受到重视[4]。因过渡金属纳米簇硫族化合物电催化剂的活性、抗甲醇性、稳定性高、成本低逐渐得到青睐,是有竞争力的Pt替代催化材料[7～15]。过渡金属纳米簇硫族化合物MqM′yXz的金属核M′多为Ru,掺杂…     

禹州漏芦均一多糖的结构分析及其硫酸化衍生物的抗补体活性

以禹州漏芦为原料,经沸水提取、乙醇沉淀、DEAE-Cellulose和SuperdexTM75凝胶柱层析分离纯化,得到一种水溶性的酸性均一多糖(EPS-2A).采用单糖组成、甲基化及绝对构型等方法对其进行了结构解析.结果表明,该均一多糖主要由D-半乳糖醛酸组成,并含有少量的Rha和Ara.该均一多糖经不同条件硫酸衍生化后的衍生物(Sul-2A-1和Sul-2A-2)与阳性药肝素[CH50=(103.0±9.0)μg/mL(mean±SD,n=3),CH50为出现50%溶血时的样品浓度]相比,均表现出很强的抗补体活性[Sul-2A-1的CH50=(74.1±4.6)μg/mL;Sul-2A-2的CH50=(35.7±2.8)μg/mL].     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.