Study of the circumstance influence on the elemental distribution in ancient animal bone using μ-XRF

Elemental analysis of archaeological bone plays an important role in the study of the dietary habits of ancient animals. The elemental characteristic of diagenetic skeletons depends on the surrounding circum-stance. The study of environmental influence on the elemental concentration of ancient bone is significant. In this paper, the diagenetic influence on archaeological skeletons is analyzed by microbeam X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF). The results show that the enamel is an excellent barrier to the diagenesis and the element Sr in bone isn’t susceptible to contamination from the buried environment.     

Exact Solution of the Milburn Equation for the Two—Mode Two—Photon Jaynes—Cummings Model

We adopt an algebraic method to study the two-mode two-photon Jaynes-Cummings model governed by the Milburn equation and find an exact solution of Milburn equation of the system.The influence of the intrinsic decoherence on the nonclassical effects of the system is also discussed.     

Fenestration operation in middle ear bone with pulsed infrared lasers: an in-vivo study

The feasibility of fenestration operation in middle ear bone with pulsed infrared laser is evaluated. Healthy male New Zealand rabbits in vivo are used in the experiment. Middle ear mastoid bone of animal model is completely exposed with conventional methods, and then a pulsed CO2 laser （10.6 μm） and an Er：YAG laser （2.94 μm） are used to perform the fenestration operation. Diamond drill is also used as a control group. The total operation time and light irradiation time are recorded and the opening efficiency is assessed. The morphological changes and thermal damage around the opening window on the middle ear bone are examined. It is shown that both laser systems are suitable for the fenestration operation in middle ear bone, and this no-touch technique has a lot of benefits compared with traditional methods. The bleeding during operation has an important effect on operation time and thermal injury and needs to be controlled efficiently in further study.     

Influence of Atomic Motion on a Microlaser in an Optical Standing—Wave Cavity

We study the microlaser in an optical standing-wave cavity injected with two-level atoms.The results have shown the obvious influence of atomic centre-of-mass motion on the microlaser,such as the photon distribution,the linewidth and the frequency shift.It was found that when the momentum of atoms is comparable to that of photons,the influence of atomic motion is dominated and the number of photons in the microlaser can be greatly enhanced,owing to part of the atomic kinetic energy being transferred to the resonator.This work provides a comparison of the related studies on the atomic motion under special assumptions.     

Effect of Media on the Electric Field of a Rhombic Nanostructure Array

Electric field distribution is an important parameter for nanostructure arrays in nanobiosensing appfications. It can influence the sensitivity and the resolution of nanobiosensors. We focus on the effect of media on the electric field distribution of a rhombic silver nanostructure array. The finite-difference time-domain algorithm- based numerical calculation method is used to monitor the electric field distribution of the silver nanostructures when the refractive index of the medium around the nanostructure array is changed. The calculated results show that tuning the refractive index of the medium around silver can have a considerable influence on the electric field distribution in the reflection and transmission directions. This effect can be used to increase the extinction efficiency and to improve the resolution of the spectra for nanobiosensing.     

Effects of temperature and input energy on a quasi-three-level emission cross section of Nd3＋：yAG pumped by a flashlamp

The influence of temperature and input energy on the fluorescence emission cross section of Nd 3+ :YAG crystal is studied. The stimulated emission cross sections of quasi-three-level systems are determined in a temperature range from 30 to 60℃ and an input energy range from 18 to 75 J. The cross section is found to be decreased when the temperature and the input energy are increased. This is attributed to the thermal broadening mechanism of the emission line. This study is relevant for the development of laser design.     

Mode-I crack in a two-dimensional fibre-reinforced generalized thermoelastic problem

A general model of the equations of the Lord-S ulman theory including one relaxation time and the Green-Lindsay theory with two relaxation times,as well as the classical dynamical coupled theory,are applied to the study of the influence of reinforcement on the total deformation for an infinite space weakened by a finite linear opening modeI crack.We study the influence of reinforcement on the total deformation of rotating thermoelastic half-space and their interaction with each other.The material is homogeneous isotropic elastic half space.The crack is subjected to prescribed temperature and stress distributions.The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the exact expressions for displacement components,force stresses,and temperature.The variations of the considered variables with the horizontal distance are illustrated graphically.Comparisons are made with the results obtained in the three theories with and without rotation.A comparison is also made between the two theories for different depths.     

Effects of temperature and input energy on quasi-three-level emission cross section of Nd3+:YAG pumped by flashlamp

The influence of temperature and input energy on fluorescence emission cross section of Nd³⁺:YAG crystal is studied. The stimulated emission cross sections of quasi-three-level systems are determined in a temperature range from -30 to 60 ℃ and an input energy range from 18 to 75 J. The cross section is found to decrease with the temperature and the input energy is increased. This is attributed to the thermal broadening mechanism of the emission line. This study is relevant for the development of laser design.     

Microwave-promoted pure host phase for red emission CaS：Eu2＋ phosphor from single CaSO4 precursor and the photoluminescence property

We report a novel approach to obtaining a classical blue-green excitable CaS：Eu2＋ phosphor with desired red emission by microwave （MW） firing procedure in the absence of adding elemental sulphur. The disturbing effect of MW electro- magnetic field on decomposition of CaSO4 into CaS activated by europium is distinctly observed to give pure host phase without adding any elemental sulphur and carbon. The host phase evolution is observed to be highly dependent on the variation of applied MW power from X-ray diffraction （XRD） patterns and the corresponding photoluminescence （PL）, and a maximum PL intensity at 1100 W of MW power is acquired for the obtained purer host phase. The non-thermal and non-equilibrium effects by MW are revealed to correlate with the interaction between polar structure of the host and applied electromagnetic field. The results demonstrate an optional procedure to prepare this red-emitting phosphor in an effective, environment-friendly and scalable approach for phosphor production in the application of bio-illumination for plant cultivation and artificial photosynthesis.     

基本参数法在地面验证实验中的的应用

As the nearest celestial body to the earth, the moon has become a hot spot again in astronomy field recently. The element analysis is a much important subject in many lunar projects. Remote X-ray spectrometry plays an important role in the geochemical exploration of the solar bodies. Because of the quasi-vacuum atmosphere on the moon, which has no absorption of X-ray, the X-ray fluorescence analysis is an effective way to determine the elemental abundance of lunar surface. The CE-1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer （CE-1/XFS） aims to map the major elemental compositions on the lunar surface. This paper describes a method for quantitative analysis of elemental compositions. A series of ground base experiments are done to examine the capability of XFS. The obtained results, which show a reasonable agreement with the certified values at a 30% uncertainty level for major elements, are presented.     

The asymmetry of the Autler－Townes doublet in a three-level system

The effect of the Bloch－Siegert shift on a strongly driven transition is studied in a three-level double-resonance configuration and the result is presented in this paper. We show that when a resonantly driven transition is probed to a third level, the Bloch－Siegert shift leads to an asymmetric Autler－Townes doublet. An important conclusion is that the asymmetry depends only on the driving field intensity, in contrast to a previous study where it is reported that the asymmetry depends not only on the driving field intensity but also on the characteristics of the three-level system. Our result implies an alternative way of measuring the Bloch－Siegert shift.     

Improving nucleation in the fabrication of high-quality 3D macro-porous copper film through the surface-modification of a polystyrene colloid-assembled template

A new approach is developed to the fabrication of high-quality three-dimensional macro-porous copper films. A highly-ordered macroporous copper film is successfully produced on a polystyrene sphere (PS) template that has been modified by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). It is shown that this procedure can change a hydrophobic surface of PS template into a hydrophilic surface. The present study is devoted to the influence of the electrolyte solution transport on the nucleation process. It is demonstrated that the permeability of the electrolyte solution in the nanochannels of the PS template plays an important role in the chemical electrodeposition of high-quality macroporous copper film. The permeability is drastically enhanced in our experiment through the surface modification of the PS templates. The method could be used to homogeneously produce a large number of nucleations on a substrate, which is a key factor for the fabrication of the high-quality macroporous copper film.     

Nondestructive analysis on ancient porcelain of Longquan Kiln in Zhejiang Province by WDXRF

Nuclear analytical technique is an efficient method in study of rarity cultural relic for its advantage of nondestructive analysis. Longquan celadon is one kind of the most important ancient porcelain in China. In order to determine the inner provenance property and age's characteristic of ancient Longquan porcelain, ten components in porcelain body and glaze were measured by the Wave Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (WDXRF). Multivariates Statistical Analysis was used to analyze the experiment data. The results showed that the chemical compositions in porcelain body of three typical kilns were similar. The difference of components in porcelain glaze can be used to identify the provenance and age.     

Singlet-Triplet Transition in Quantum Dots Confined by Triangular and Bowl-Like Potentials： the Effect of Electric Fields

We theoretically investigate the energy spectra of two-electron two-dimensional （2e 2D） quantum dots （QDs） confined by triangular potentials and bowl-like potentials in a magnetic field by exact diagonalization in the framework of effective mass theory. An in-plane electric field is found to contribute to the singlet-triplet transition of the ground state of the 2e 2D QDs confined by triangular or bowl-like potentials in a perpendicular magnetic field. The stronger the in-plane electric field, the smaller the magnetic field for the total spin of the ground states in the dot systems to change from S = 0 to S = 1. However, the influence of an in-plane electric field on the singlettriplet transition of the ground state of two electrons in a triangular QD modulated by a perpendicular magnetic field is quite small because the triangular potential just deviates from the harmonic potential well slightly. We find that the strength of the perpendicular magnetic field needed for the spin singlet-triplet transition of the ground state of the QD confined by a bowl-like potential is reduced drastically by applying an in-plane electric field.     

A Toy Model for Estimation of the Event Plane Non-Flat Effect on an Elliptic Flow in Heavy Ion Collision

In heavy ion collision, the event plane is a key parameter defined as the plane composted by the impact parameter b and beam axis z, It is a crucial reference for various observables, which focus on the initial spatial anisotropy of the overlap region in heavy ion collision. We notice that in some recent heavy ion collision experiments, due to potentially inefficient or even the invalidity of experimental facilities, the reconstructed event plane, which is used in elliptic flow study, may be biased towards a non-flat distribution. In this study, we develop a toy model for fast estimation of the bias effect and its influence on the elliptic flow. The possible azimuthal bias of the detector is firstly studied by varying the part of its azimuthal information. We also study on the limit acceptance of the detector, which will be used to measure the particle of interest in an elliptic flow. The outcomes are presented by comparing the flow study results with or without the non-flat effect on the event plane.     

A New Approach for Calculating Spin Susceptibility in QED3

Based on the study of the linear response of the fermion propagator to the presence of an external scalar field, a new method for calculating the staggered spin susceptibility in QED3 is presented, in which the influence of the full vertex function is included. The numerical values of the staggered spin susceptibility are calculated within the framework of the rainbow-ladder approximation of the Dyson-Schwinger approach. A comparison between the result calculated using the full vertex and that using the bare vertex is given.     

Macro-Behaviour of Agents＇ Opinion under Influence of an External Field

We propose a model to study the evolution of opinion under the influence of all external field on small world network. The maero-behaviour of agents＇ opinion and the relative change rate as time elapses are studied. The external field is found to play an important role in making the opinion s（t） balance or increase, and without the influence of the external field, the relative change rate γ（t） shows nonlinear increasing behaviour as time runs. What is more, this nonlinear increasing behaviour is independent of the initial condition, the strength of the external field and the time that we cancel the external field. The results may reflect some phenomena in our society, such as the function of the macro-control in China or the mass media in our society.     

Transverse Rutherford Scattering of Electron-Ion Collision in a Uniformly Magnetized Plasma

Rutherford scattering formula plays an important role in plasma classical transport. It is urgent to investigate influence of magnetic field on the Rutherford scattering since the high magnetic field has been widely used in nowadays magnetic confinement fusion, inertial confinement fusion, and magneto-inertial fusion. In order to elucidate the magnetic field effect in a concise manner, we study the electron-ion collisions transverse to the magnetic field. The scattering angle is defined using th...     

Photodetachment microscopy of a hydrogen negative ion in an electric field near a metal surface

According to the semi-classical theory, we study the photodetachment microscopy of H- in the electric field near a metal surface. During the photodetachment, the electron is photo-detached by a laser and the electron is drawn toward a position-sensitive detector. The electron flux distribution is measured as a function of position. Two classical paths lead the ion to any point in the classically allowed region on the detector, and waves traveling along these paths produce an interference pattern. If the metal surface perpendicular to the electric field is added, we find that the interference pattern is related not only to the electron energy and the electric-field strength, but also to the ion-surface distance. In addition, the laser polarization also has a great influence on the electron flux distribution. We present calculations predicting the interference pattern that may be seen in experiment. We hope that our study can provide a new understanding of the electron flux distribution of negative ions in an external field and surface, and can guide future experimental research on negative ion photo-detachment microscopy.