直接解调方法在嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪地面验证实验数据分析中的应用

"嫦娥一号"卫星是我国的第一颗月球探测卫星,运行轨道高度为200 km,预计工作寿命为一年,其上配备的X射线成像谱仪具备了对月表进行X射线探测、成像和对太阳X射线进行监测的功能.该X射线谱仪由两个全同的探测器阵列组成,其中,为了实现对月表主要化学元素分布及其含量进行探测的科学目标,在每个探测器阵列还配备了2个低能探测器单元.这4路低能探测器单元的面积为25 mm2,采用的都是厚度为500 μm,具有优良探测性能的Si-PIN探测器,其探测能区为1～10 keV,能量分辨率为～5%@5.9 kev.文章主要介绍了嫦娥一号卫星X射线谱仪的地面验证实验,并且根据X射线谱仪的能量响应矩阵,利用直接解调方法和基本参数法对X射线谱仪地面验证实验中的探测数据,特别是对盲测样品中的Mg,Al,Si等元素进行了定性和定量分析.     

基本参数法在地面验证实验中的的应用

As the nearest celestial body to the earth, the moon has become a hot spot again in astronomy field recently. The element analysis is a much important subject in many lunar projects. Remote X-ray spectrometry plays an important role in the geochemical exploration of the solar bodies. Because of the quasi-vacuum atmosphere on the moon, which has no absorption of X-ray, the X-ray fluorescence analysis is an effective way to determine the elemental abundance of lunar surface. The CE-1 X-ray fluorescence spectrometer （CE-1/XFS） aims to map the major elemental compositions on the lunar surface. This paper describes a method for quantitative analysis of elemental compositions. A series of ground base experiments are done to examine the capability of XFS. The obtained results, which show a reasonable agreement with the certified values at a 30% uncertainty level for major elements, are presented.     

Development of a prototype of the ME readout electronics onboard the HXMT satellite

A prototype of the ME readout electronics onboard the Hard X-ray Modulate Telescope （HXMT） satellite is developed. Application Specific Integrated Chip （ASIC） is used to construct the front end electronics due to a large number of detectors. Field Programmable Gate Array （FPGA） is connected to the ASIC as a state machine controller and data FIFO in the DAQ system. A USB board is designed to communicate between the DAQ system and the computer. The design goals and features, the operation of the system and the preliminary performance of the prototype are described. The testing results show that the design goals of the prototype system have been achieved.     

嫦娥三号粒子激发X射线谱仪红外距离感知方法

粒子激发X射线谱仪(APXS)是我国嫦娥三号卫星月球巡视器的有效载荷之一,其主要目的是对月面土壤和岩石完成就位探测和离线分析,距离感知功能是保障APXS有效探测的一项重要功能。本文首先简要介绍了APXS系统,分析了距离感知功能的特殊要求和约束,然后提出了一种利用响应曲线拐点的新型红外距离感知方法。通过理论推导证明了本方法的算法可行性,并且设计试验验证了本方法。理论分析表明,尽管该方法对工作温度和月面反射率不敏感,但是强烈的太阳红外辐射环境可能引起光敏器件饱和。解决措施是适当降低器件增益并避免太阳光直射。     

嫦娥三号粒子激发X射线谱仪能谱温度影响的修正方法

粒子激发X射线谱仪(APXS)是中国探月工程二期嫦娥三号月球巡视器的有效载荷之一。简要介绍APXS的工作原理、组成部分,以及它在月面的工作环境,通过模拟及实验研究了月面热环境对APXS的影响,结果显示,APXS将工作在显著的变温过程中。相对恒温过程,APXS在变温过程中的能量分辨率明显变差。为了消除该温度效应的影响,提出了一种基于皮尔逊卡方检验(Pearson’s chi-squared test)的修正方法,能够有效提高变温过程中的能量分辨率。通过温度循环试验中变温阶段的数据对该方法进行了测试,结果表明,该方法具有很好的修正效果和较高的可靠性。     

Physical design and Monte Carlo simulations of a space radiation detector onboard the SJ-10 satellite

A radiation gene box (RGB) onboard the SJ-10 satellite is a device carrying mice and drosophila cells to determine the biological effects of space radiation environment. The shielded fluxes of different radioactive sources were calculated and the linear energy transfers of γ-rays, electrons, protons and α-particles in the tissue were acquired using A-150 tissue-equivalent plastic. Then, a conceptual model of a space radiation instrument employing three semiconductor sub-detectors for deriving the charged and uncharged radiation environment of the RGB was designed. The energy depositions in the three sub-detectors were classified into 15 channels (bins) in an algorithm derived from the Monte Carlo method. The physical feasibility of the conceptual instrument was also verified by Monte Carlo simulations.     

HXMT中能X射线望远镜

正1.引言我们通常把波长很短,介于0.01~100埃(能量0.1ke V~1Me V)之间的电磁辐射,称为X射线。在整个X射线波段里,根据探测方法的不同,我们又模糊的分成了低能X射线(能量0.1~10ke V),中能X射线(能量5~70ke V),高能X射线(能量20ke V~1Me V)。三个能段没有明显的界限,彼此相互搭接在一起。探测X射线波段的探测器,即为X射线探测器。根据三个能段的特点,其相应的X射线探测器多采用     

Ground-based verification and data processing of Yutu roverActive Particle-induced X-ray Spectrometer

The Active Particle-induced X-ray Spectrometer (APXS) is one of the payloads on board the Yutu rover of the Chang''E-3 mission. In order to assess the instrumental performance of APXS, a ground verification test was performed for two unknown samples (basaltic rock, mixed powder sample). In this paper, the details of the experiment configurations and data analysis method are presented. The results show that the elemental abundance of major elements can be well determined by the APXS with relative deviations <15 wt.% (detection distance=30 mm, acquisition time=30 min). The derived detection limit of each major element is inversely proportional to acquisition time and directly proportional to detection distance, suggesting that the appropriate distance should be <50 mm.     

Prospective results of CHANG''E-2 X-ray spectrometer

The Chinese second lunar satellite CE-2, which carries an X-ray spectrometer （XRS）, will be launched at the end of 2010. In order to estimate the scientific results of XRS, we simulate the anticipated lunar X-ray spectra observed by XRS by using the expected mean solar X-ray flux in 2011. We also obtain the integration time and the spatial resolution required to achieve a certain significance level for the major lunar rock-forming elements in different solar activity conditions. It is expected that a spatial resolution of finer than 100 kilometers can be achieved for elements Mg, Al, Si, Ca, Ti, and Fe.