高对映选择性的有机催化的硝基烷烃对N-Boc靛红亚胺的不对称aza-Henry反应

研究实现了高对映选择性的硝基烷烃对N-Boc靛红亚胺1的不对称aza-Henry反应,来构建胺基季碳氧化吲哚. 发现在金鸡纳碱衍生的叔胺-酚羟基双功能催化剂C5的作用下,10种不同取代的N-Boc靛红亚胺与硝基甲烷的反应均能顺利进行,以66%～91%的对映选择性得到目标产物,产物的绝对构型通过X-ray单晶衍射加以确定. 硝基乙烷和硝基丙烷也能高对映选择性地参与反应,但非对映选择性不佳.     

3位间接连接有叔胺(仲胺)氮原子的3-季碳氧化吲哚化合物的合成

以3-卤氧化吲哚为起始原料,1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯为催化剂,在二氯甲烷中与1-甲基吲哚经取代反应,或在甲苯溶液中于120 ℃条件下与吲哚（吲哚苯环上可连接有取代基）直接发生取代反应,合成了7个3位间接连接有叔胺（仲胺）氮原子的3-季碳氧化吲哚化合物,收率分别为80%~89%和 53%~70%,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF）表征。     

螺氮杂环丙烷氧化吲哚的不对称合成研究

螺环氧化吲哚和氮杂环丙烷都是非常重要的活性骨架,以3-烯氧化吲哚和双保护的羟胺为起始原料,基于Michael加成-取代串联反应,实现了螺氮杂环丙烷氧化吲哚的不对称合成.通过对一系列手性催化剂、反应温度等的筛选,最终确定了奎宁和辛克宁为最优催化剂,分别以28%和34%的对映选择性得到目标产物,其结构经过1~H NMR、~(13)C NMR和HRMS确定.     

连续双季碳螺环氧化吲哚拼接异噁唑类化合物的合成

以硝基异噁唑-3-烯氧化吲哚1作为基于给体和受体的3C合成子,与叔丁基酯-3-烯氧化吲哚2,在碱性催化剂DABCO催化下发生Michael加成环化反应,获得10个新颖的连续双季碳螺环氧化吲哚拼接异噁唑类化合物3a~3j,产率为57%~70%, dr值为4/1~9/1, 其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF）表征,并且经过单晶3f进一步确定了其结构。      

通过对映选择性质子化实现吲哚的不对称C—H官能团化反应研究

研究了醋酸铑[Rh2(OAc)4]与手性磷酸共催化的芳基重氮乙酸酯对吲哚化合物的不对称C—H官能团化反应,通过对吲哚C—H官能团化反应质子转移机制的研究,提出了通过不对称质子化实现金属卡宾与吲哚的C—H不对称官能团化反应的新策略.通过吲哚C—H官能团化反应氘代实验证明,在金属卡宾对N-烷基吲哚的碳氢官能团化中,质子迁移是一个分子间的反应,需要借助一个"质子梭"试剂完成,因此通过应用"手性质子梭"催化的不对称质子化有望实现反应的对映选择控制.通过选用手性磷酸作为"手性质子梭"实现了吲哚C—H官能团化反应的不对称催化,重氮化合物在醋酸铑的催化下形成金属卡宾,金属卡宾与吲哚反应生成潜手性的离子对中间体,在催化剂量的手性磷酸存在下,质子迁移通过双功能的手性磷酸完成,通过手性磷酸对潜手性的离子对中间体的不对称质子化实现了反应的对映选择性控制.反应给出了优秀的产率(最高可达99%),良好到优秀的对映选择性(最高可达94%ee),且此反应对其他N-芳基和N-硅基吲哚也有良好的反应兼容性.     

手性磷酸催化的C（3）-取代吲哚和甲基乙烯基酮不对称串联反应

3位含有季碳手性中心的吲哚啉并环化合物是一类非常重要的化合物, 广泛存在于各种天然产物和具有生物活性的分子中. 化学家们发展了多种有效的途径来合成这类化合物. 其中以方便易得的吲哚衍生物为起始原料, 利用不对称去芳构化\环化串联的方法最为简单高效, 但多数工作都是从色胺或色醇衍生物出发, 合成二氢吡咯并吲哚啉或二氢呋喃并吲哚啉化合物. 因此, 发展其他类型的吲哚衍生物的不对称去芳构化\环化反应显得非常有必要. 作者课题组发展了手性磷酸催化的吲哚衍生物与甲基乙烯基酮的不对称Michael加成\环化串联反应. 以5 mol% (R)-SPINOL为骨架的手性磷酸(R)-4c为催化剂, 以中等到良好的收率和优秀的对映选择性构建了一系列手性吲哚[2,3-b]并氢化喹啉化合物, 而且该催化体系对于克级规模反应同样能够获得很好的结果.     

新型异噁唑拼接3,3'-吡咯螺环双氧化吲哚类化合物的无催化剂合成

以3-异硫氰氧化吲哚与硝基异噁唑缩合的3-烯氧化吲哚,在二氯甲烷中无催化剂条件下于室温发生Michael加成环化反应,获得了8个未见文献报道的异噁唑拼接3,3′ 吡咯螺环双氧化吲哚类化合物（3a~3h）,产率91%~95%,dr值5/3~3/1,其结构经¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR和HR-MS（ESI-TOF）表征。     

分子内氧化偶联反应在合成复杂吲哚生物碱骨架中的应用

通过含有吲哚底物的分子内氧化偶联反应,成功地构建了Communesin家族生物碱的螺吲哚啉季碳中心,从而完成了(-)-Communesins A,B和F的对映选择性合成.接下来我们发展了分子内氧化偶联/缩合串联反应策略,得到了天然产物(-)-Vincorine的核心四环骨架,然后再经过五步转化完成了Vincorine的全合成.从药物化学角度来看,分子内氧化偶联/缩合串联提供了一个快速方便地合成含有多环吲哚啉骨架的方法.采用相同的串联反应策略,我们分别从色胺衍生的β-酮酸酰胺和丙二酸二酰胺出发,一步构建了多环螺吲哚啉和多环吲哚啉并吡咯环骨架分子.     

靛红Morita-Baylis-Hillman碳酸酯与环状N-磺酰亚胺的不对称烯丙基烷基化反应研究

本课题组近年来发展的通过路易斯碱催化靛红Morita-Baylis-Hillman(MBH)碳酸酯的烯丙基烷基化反应是合成光学纯3,3-二取代2-氧化吲哚化合物的一种有效方法. 在此基础上, 本文研究了手性叔胺催化靛红MBH碳酸酯与环状N-磺酰亚胺的不对称烯丙基烷基化反应, 通过亲电反应途径以较高的立体选择性(达86% ee, dr＞95∶5)和高收率(达96%)合成C-3位含季碳手性中心的多官能团氧化吲哚产物. 通过简单的转化可以得到含多个手性中心的2-吲哚酮-3,4'-哌啶环类骨架, 这为进一步合成生理活性物质研究奠定了基础.     

靛红衍生的硝酮与酮亚胺的不对称直接氮杂插烯Mannich反应

不对称直接插烯Mannich反应是一类高效构建手性δ-氨基-α,β-不饱和羰基化合物的方法,但这类反应主要局限于以γ-丁烯酸内酯及类似物和α,α-二氰基烯烃等作为亲核试剂前体,因此发展新的插烯亲核试剂尤为重要.本工作报道了一类从靛红衍生且含N-CH结构的硝酮化合物,由于氧化吲哚骨架的强吸电子效应能在温和碱性条件下生成氮杂二烯醇中间体,高效与靛红衍生的亚胺发生直接氮杂插烯Mannich反应.采用金鸡纳碱衍生的手性双功能叔胺硫脲催化剂,以高收率（70%～97%）、高立体选择性（83%～99% ee,>19∶1 dr）合成富官能团化并含相邻季碳-叔碳手性中心的硝酮化合物,且可进一步与缺电烯烃发生[3+2]偶极环加成反应构建含有氢化异噁唑环的吲哚螺环复杂骨架.这类靛红衍生的硝酮作为氮杂插烯亲核试剂可能在不对称合成中具有更为广阔的应用.     

α－和β－K_7［SiW_9O_（37）Fe_3（H_2O）_3］·xH_2O的

本文报道了从三缺位杂多阴离子α－和β－ＳｉＷ９Ｏ合成α－和β－［ＳｉＷ９Ｏ３７Ｆｅ３（Ｈ２Ｏ）３］７－的钾盐的方法．ＦＡＢ－负离子质谱表明，阴离子在溶液中主要是以单体形式存在，二聚体微量．阴离子中的配位水分子在甲苯中可被ＳＣＮ等配体取代生成具有特征颜色的配离子．标题化合物具有催化ＰｈＩＯ（亚碘酰苯）环氧化反式－二苯乙烯、苯乙烯、环乙烯生成相应环氧化物的性质．     

A general and stereoselective method for synthesis of tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes

A convenient, general and stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes and tetrasubstituted alkenes containing a cyanide function as well as trisubstituted episulphides have been elaborated. Methodology described for the preparation of these compounds is based on the corresponding readily available selenophosphates 1 and thiophosphates 2.     

α-和β-K7[SiW9O37Fe3(H2O)3]·xH2O的合成及其在有机溶剂中的反应

本文报道了从三缺位杂多阴离子α-和β-SiW₉O₃₄^10-合成α-和β-[SiW₉O₃₇Fe₃(H₂O)₃]^7-的钾盐的方法。FAB-负离子质谱表明,阴离子在溶液中主要是以单体形式存在,二聚体微量。阴离子中的配位水分子在甲苯中可被SCN等配体取代生成具有特征颜色的配离子。标题化合物具有催化PhIO(亚碘酰苯)环氧化反式-二苯乙烯、苯乙烯、环乙烯生成相应环氧化物的性质。     

(Z)-α-Selanyl Alkenyl Grignard Reagents as Convenient Precursors for Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes

(Z)-α-Selanyl alkenyl Grignard reagents 2 were prepared conveniently by treatment of (-bromovinylselenides 1 with magnesium filings in THF. Intermediates 2 were reacted with alkyl iodides in the presence of CuI or Pd(PPh3)4 to afford (Z)-1,2-disubstituted vinylselenides 3, which were cross-coupled with Grignard reagents in the presence of (PPh3)2NiCl2 to give trisubstituted alkenes 4 stereoselectively in good yields.     

Polymerization of α=Aminoisobutyric Acid NCA: Interpretation According to the Hypothesis of a Multiple Mechanism

The basic salt-initiated polymerization of α-aminoisobutyric acid NCA in acetonitrile was studied using various alkaline alcoholates and in the presence or absence of various protic (very weak acid) additives. The cation effect observed was the one expected from either the N-carboxy-α-amino acid anhydride (NCA) anion mechanism (activated monomer mechanism) or the alcoholate anion mechanism (Blout's mechanism). The anion effect appeared to be abnormal for the former mechanism, but did not agree nor disagree substantially with the latter. Furthermore, such additives as methanol (conjugate acid of the initiator), 3-methylhydantoin, 2-oxazolidone, and N-acetylglycine NCA (prototype of the chain growing through the NCA anion mechanism) considerably enhanced the rate of initiation. A still higher rate of initiation could be obtained by the combined use of two additives. IR and DTA analyses of the polymerization products showed the formation of 5,5-dimethylhydan-toin-3-isobutyric acid in the sample using the alcohol-free initiator, hence the NCA anion mechanism is operative. This acid was absent in the low DP polymer obtained in the presence of added methanol, and this agrees with the alcoholate anion mechanism without, however, proving it. Thus, while only part of the results could be explained by one or the other of the previous interpretations, all the experimental facts were accounted for, without noticeable contradiction, by the hypothesis of a multiple mechanism which contains both interpretations among its elements.     

Phenol-Crotonaldehyde Resins. III. Curing Behavior with Hexamethylenetetramine

Solid thermoplastic resins were prepared by acid-catalyzed condensation of phenol and crotonaldehyde (both crude and distilled). The thermal and curing properties were compared with the conventional phenol-formaldehyde (PF) novolak resins. Phenol-crotonaldehyde (PC) resins were found to be thermoplastic even after curing with the crosslinking agent hexamethylenetetramine up to 160°C. This curing behavior was observed irrespective of the purity of the crotonaldehyde or the phenol-to-crotonaldehyde mole ratio in the resin. Postcuring of these resins at elevated temperatures yielded insoluble and infusible thermoset products. This unique thermal characteristic could lead to interesting processing possibilities for the resins. The technical feasibility of thermoplastic processing of the PC resins followed by postcure heat treatment for transforming the molded part into a thermoset has been demonstrated.     

Novel Copolymers of Styrene and Alkoxy Ring‐Substituted 2‐Phenyl‐1,1‐dicyanoethylenes

Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylene monomers, ring‐substituted 2‐phenyl‐1,1‐dicyanoethylenes, RC₆H₄CH?C(CN)₂ (where R is 2‐methoxy, 3‐methoxy, 4‐methoxy, 4‐ethoxy, 4‐propoxy, and 4‐butoxy), were synthesized by piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring‐substituted benzaldehydes and malononitrile, and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR. Novel copolymers of the ethylenes and styrene were prepared at equimolar monomer feed composition by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator (AIBN) at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. High T _g of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. The gravimetric analysis indicated that the copolymers decompose in the 290–450°C range.     

Novel Copolymers of Trisubstituted Ethylenes and Styrene. 7. Dihalogen Ring-Substituted Ethyl 2-Cyano-1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenylcarbamates

Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylenes, dihalogen ring-substituted ethyl 2-cyano-1-oxo-3-phenyl-2-propenylcarbamates, RC₆H₃ CH = C(CN)CONHCO₂C₂H₅(where R is 2,3-diCl, 2,4-diCl, 2,6-diCl, 3,4-diCl, 3,5-diCl, and 2-Cl-6-F, were prepared and copolymerized with styrene. The monomers were synthesized by the piperidine catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring-substituted benzaldehydes and N-cyanoacetylurethane, and characterized by CHN analysis, IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. All the ethylenes were copolymerized with styrene (M₁) in solution with radical initiation (ABCN) at 70°C. The compositions of the copolymers were calculated from nitrogen analysis and the structures were analyzed by IR, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR. The order of relative reactivity (1/r ₁) for the monomers 2,4-diCl (4.4) > 2,6-diCl (3.6) > 2,3-diCl (3.4) = 3,4-diCl (3.4) > 2-Cl-6-F (2.7) > 3,5-diCl (2.0). High T _g of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene structural unit. Decomposition of the copolymers in nitrogen occurred in two steps, first in 270–420°C with residue (5–13% wt), which then decomposed in the 420–650°C range.     

混合型杂多化合物M_x[GaW_9M_3O_(40)]·nH_2O的合成和性质

本文报道了M_x[GaW_9M_3~′O_(40)]nH_2O(M′=Mo,V,Ti,Fe(Ⅲ),Co(Ⅱ),Ni(Ⅱ),Mn(Ⅱ);M=k,Na,Gua,Me_4N,Et_4N,Bu_4N)的合成。通过元素分析,阴离子电荷的确定,极谱、IR及UV光谱、可见光谱、ESR、磁化率测定对其进行了表征。并研究了它们在水溶液中对酸碱的稳定性及热稳定性。     

Novel Copolymers of Styrene and Some Ring‐Substituted 2‐Cyano‐N,N‐Dimethyl‐3‐Phenyl‐2‐Propenamides

Electrophilic trisubstituted ethylene monomers, ring‐substituted 2‐cyano‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐phenyl‐2‐propenamides, RC₆H₄CH?C(CN)CON(CH₃)₂ (where R is 3‐benzyloxy, 4‐benzyloxy, 3‐ethoxy‐4‐methoxy, 3‐bromo‐4‐methoxy, 5‐bromo‐2‐methoxy, 2‐chloro‐6‐fluoro) were synthesized by potassium hydroxide catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of ring‐substituted benzaldehydes and N,N‐dimethyl cyanoacetamide, and characterized by CHN elemental analysis, IR, ¹H‐ and ¹³C‐NMR. Novel copolymers of the ethylenes and styrene were prepared at equimolar monomer feed composition by solution copolymerization in the presence of a radical initiator, ABCN at 70°C. The composition of the copolymers was calculated from nitrogen analysis, and the structures were analyzed by IR, ¹H and ¹³C NMR, GPC, DSC, and TGA. High T_g of the copolymers in comparison with that of polystyrene indicates a substantial decrease in chain mobility of the copolymer due to the high dipolar character of the trisubstituted ethylene monomer unit. The gravimetric analysis indicated that the copolymers decompose in the 300–450°C range.