具有超高阳离子染料去除能力的磺酸功能化球形共价有机框架

通过三醛基间苯三酚(TFP)与2,2′-联苯胺二磺酸(BDSA)的席夫碱反应, 合成了β-酮烯胺连接的磺酸功能化球形共价有机框架(TFP-BDSA COF). 所得阴离子型TFP-BDSA可迅速吸附如亚甲基蓝(MLB)、 结晶紫(CV)和罗丹明B(RhB)等阳离子染料, 而对如甲基橙(MO)和荧光素钠(FS)等阴离子染料则难以吸附, 该COF可实现基于电荷模式的阴离子、 阳离子染料的分离. TFP-BDSA对阳离子染料的吸附动力学均遵循拟二级吸附动力学模型, 吸附过程符合Langmuir吸附模型, 其对MLB, CV和RhB的最大吸附容量分别高达1116, 1429和1638 mg/g. 与其它COFs材料相比, TFP-BDSA对CV和RhB的吸附容量最高. 该工作可为开发功能COFs材料实现对废水中有机污染物的快速吸附和有效去除提供参考.     

双功能气凝胶吸附-降解协同处理染料废水

针对吸附法处理染料废水易产生二次污染和基于过一硫酸氢盐(PMS)的高级氧化技术降解有机污染物易受水体复杂成分影响的问题,设计构筑具有吸附和活化PMS功能的铁掺杂纤维素纳米纤维/还原氧化石墨烯气凝胶(CNFs/RGO/Fe)用于吸附-降解协同处理染料废水.CNFs/RGO/Fe对阳离子染料具有良好的选择性吸附功能,其对亚甲基蓝(MB)、罗丹明B (RhB)和结晶紫(CV)的最大吸附容量分别高达655.1 mg/g、696.5 mg/g和962.1 mg/g,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温模型.将吸附染料的CNFs/RGO/Fe置于PMS溶液中,可以促进PMS活化产生大量·OH,实现对吸附质的降解和气凝胶的再生.经5次吸附-降解循环后,CNFs/RGO/Fe对染料去除率仍保持在75%以上,表现出良好的重复使用性.本研究有望为去除复杂水体中有机污染物提供新思路.     

超分子螯合树脂--杯[4]芳烃接枝纤维素的设计、合成与吸附性能

通过纤维素多乙烯多胺衍生物2a~2c与1,3-二环氧丙基杯[4]芳烃3反应,合成了螯合树脂杯芳烃接枝纤维素4a~4c,用红外、元素分析和SEM等对其结构和形貌进行了表征.通过含氮量推算出新螯合树脂4a~4c中每个纤维素单元的杯芳烃接枝取代度分别为0.75、0.82和0.87.金属阳离子吸附性能实验表明,杯芳烃单元的引入在吸附过程中有重要作用,该螯合树脂结合了杯芳烃和纤维素的各自吸附性能优势,不仅吸附容量较高,而且表现出高的选择性吸附能力.树脂4b和4c对Ni2+离子表现出很高的吸附选择性,4a~4c的Ni2+饱和吸附容量分别达到2.96 mmol/g、2.93 mmol/g和2.66 mmol/g.在pH<4的强酸性条件下树脂的吸附能力迅速下降.该树脂用10%的氨水解吸附后有较好的重复使用性.     

具有高气态碘吸附的二维介孔共价有机框架

合成了一种新型的二维介孔共价有机框架(COF)材料JUC-573. 粉末X射线衍射、 氮气吸附-脱附和热重等表征结果表明合成的COF材料具有高结晶度、 高比表面积以及良好的热稳定性. 在333 K、 常压条件下, 该材料表现出优异的碘吸附能力, 且吸附量高达4.15 g/g. 这是由于在JUC-573中规则定向的垂直一维介孔孔道能够有效地避免碘吸附后的堵塞, 从而优化了材料的吸附能力. JUC-573可多次循环用于气态碘的捕获且保持几乎不变的吸附量.     

美金刚衍生物的合成

盐酸美金刚(抗老年痴呆药物)与非甾体抗炎药(NSAIDs)反应合成了含NSAIDs药效单元的新美金刚衍生物,其结构经1H NMR, IR和MS表征.     

载铁(Ⅲ)-配位体交换棉纤维素吸附剂对饮用水中砷(Ⅴ)和氟联合去除的研究

使用新型载铁(Ⅲ)-配位体交换棉纤维素吸附剂,通过静态和动态吸附实验,研究了饮用水中砷酸钠[砷(Ⅴ)]和氟化钠(氟)联合去除的效果和浓度因素的影响以及吸附剂经过反复吸附-洗脱再生-再吸附后性能的稳定性.结果表明,该吸附剂能够高效、高选择性地联合去除高砷(Ⅴ)和高氟.吸附柱的饱和吸附容量可高达15mg/g干重,反复使用中饱和体积的相对标准偏差小于0.5%,柱处理出水的各项有关指标均符合我国生活饮用水卫生标准,特别是砷(Ⅴ)的质量浓度低于0.010mg/L,符合世界健康组织(WHO)推荐的饮用水严格砷标准.说明该吸附剂在砷氟共存的地区具有很好的应用前景.     

脱除柴油里碱性氮固相配位萃取剂的制备及其性能研究

根据Lewis酸碱理论制备了苯乙烯磺化金属阳离子型树脂。以该树脂吸附柴油里碱性氮的吸附量为考察指标,选定Sr2 型阳离子树脂为最佳萃取剂,并对Sr2 型阳离子树脂吸附性能进行了详细研究。在最佳吸附温度为25℃,8h就达吸附平衡实验条件下,此树脂静态饱和吸附量达9.10mg/g,吸附速率常数为9.28×10-5/s,主要受液膜扩散控制,树脂的物理结构对其吸附性能有很大的影响。     

基于荷电葡聚糖接枝的离子交换介质及在抗体纯化中的应用

制备了一种新型纯化抗体的二乙氨乙基葡聚糖接枝离子交换介质,并研究了其对抗体的静态吸附及传质动力学。结果表明,二乙氨乙基葡聚糖接枝介质在低离子交换容量时对抗体有很高的吸附容量和传质速率,饱和吸附容量最高达到222mg/g湿介质,传质速率(D_e/D_00.44)是商品化未接枝介质DEAE Sepharose FF的3倍(D_e/D_00.12),是分离纯化抗体性能良好的离子交换介质。     

多孔NiO的制备及其对水中四环素的吸附

采用水热法及高温灼烧合成了多孔金属氧化物NiO,并用于水样中四环素(TC)的吸附。使用扫描电镜(SEM)、傅立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)以及X-射线衍射(XRD)方法进行表征。结果表明,产物呈现团簇的花朵状结构,表面多孔。考察了pH值、吸附时间、TC浓度及温度对NiO吸附能力的影响。得到NiO吸附TC的最佳pH值为7.0,吸附120 min即可达到吸附平衡,当TC浓度由10 mg/L增加到100 mg/L时,吸附量由26.49 mg/g增加到134.84 mg/g。吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型,通过Langmuir模型拟合得出NiO对TC的最大吸附容量为144.90 mg/g。NiO具有可重复使用、成本低廉、制备方法简单,对TC吸附容量高等优点,适用于污染水体中TC类污染物的快速去除。     

树脂吸附法纯化赤霉素

对比了几种大孔吸附树脂对赤霉素发酵液的吸附、解吸性能,实验发现,自制R4树脂的动态饱和吸附容量高达58.38mg/g干树脂,自制R5树脂的动态饱和吸附容量高达96.46mg/g干树脂,R5树脂的吸附容量明显高于R4,这与树脂的比表面积一致.50%(VIV)甲醇水溶液具有较好的解吸性能,收率高达95%以上,经过树脂一步吸附-解吸,赤霉素的浓度可平均提高5倍以上,集中收集最高可提高15倍以上,这对于工业化生产中,赤霉素的进一步结晶析出具有重要意义.     

Removal of methylene blue by tea wastages from the synthesis waste waters

The tea wastages could remove methylene blue（MB） as a cationic dye from waste water corresponding to second-order kinetic model.Thermodynamic studies showed that adsorption equilibrium constant（K_L） and maximum adsorption capacities(Q_max) were increased with increasing temperature.The removal efficiency of MB for Co 0.01 mmol/L at optimum conditions was about 85%. The maximum uptake capacity(Q_max) of methylene blue in a batch reactor was 0.328,0.542 and 0.659 mmol/g at 15,25 and 40℃, respectively.The enthalpy change（ΔH） and entropy change（ΔS） were 11.356 kJ/mol and 20.563 J/（mol K）,respectively.     

磁性共价有机框架材料吸附甲基橙和茜素绿两种阴离子有机染料

以自制的磁性共价有机框架材料(COF)为吸附剂,采用静态吸附法研究了其对甲基橙(MO)和茜素绿(AG-25)的吸附行为。 结果表明,在25 ℃,pH值6~8的条件下,磁性COF对两种阴离子染料的的吸附量分别为997和1314 mg/g。 两种染料的吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,表明吸附过程为单层吸附;吸附动力学均符合准二级动力学模型,说明吸附过程以化学吸附为主。 磁性COF对水体中的阴离子染料体现出高吸附量和快速吸附的特点,具有潜在的价值。     

表面活性剂改性有机沸石对废水中亚甲基蓝的吸附行为

用表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)复合改性沸石,制备了阴阳离子表面活性剂改性沸石,利用X射线衍射和红外吸收光谱表征了改性前后沸石的结构,并研究了改性沸石对亚甲基蓝的吸附行为.结果表明,改性后沸石的吸附性能明显增强;在溶液pH 8、常温,吸附时间100 min、改性沸石用量20 g/...     

SDS改性沸石对碱性品红的吸附性能研究

通过静态实验探讨了表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS）改性沸石吸附碱性品红的影响因素。实验结果表明在投入量为8 g/L、吸附时间为45 min、p H值为6、温度为25℃时,对初始质量浓度100 mg/L碱性品红溶液的去除率可达到96.16%,吸附量为12.02 mg/g;SDS改性沸石吸附碱性品红的吸附性能符合Langmuir型吸附等温线和一级反应动力学模型的特征;热力学分析结果表明,吸附符合自发吸热过程。     

有机改性膨润土对水中钙黄绿素的吸附性能

在微波作用下用十六烷基溴化吡啶(CPB)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)和盐酸萘乙二胺(NETH)对天然膨润土进行改性,制得了CPB-膨润土(CPB-Bt)、CTMAB-膨润土(CTMAB-Bt)和NETH-膨润土(NETH-Bt),并比较了它们对水中钙黄绿素的吸附性能.结果表明,在钙黄绿素浓度25 mg·L-1、...     

Scalable sulfonate-coated cotton fibers as facile recyclable adsorbents for the highly efficient removal of cationic dyes

Adsorbents that exhibit a high adsorption capacity and facile recyclability are considered promising materials for dye wastewater remediation. In this work, a novel sulfonate-decorated cotton fiber was fabricated as a recyclable adsorbent for the highly efficient removal of cationic dyes. Herein, poly(sodium p-styrene sulfonate-co–N-methylol acrylamide) (P(SSNa-co-NMAM)) with SSNa units as adsorption sites and NMAM units as thermal-crosslinking points was synthesized for the modification of cotton fibers. As expected, the as-obtained P(SSNa-co-NMAM)-coated cotton fibers (PCFs) presented outstanding adsorption capacities toward cationic dyes, even in the simulated effluents. The processes of cationic dye absorbing onto the PCFs were well fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second-order kinetics. The thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption reaction of the cationic dyes onto PCF was spontaneous, and the efficiency of adsorption was more desirable at higher temperatures. The maximum adsorption capacities of PCF toward methylene blue (MEB), rhodamine B (RhB), and malachite green (MG) were 3976.10, 2879.80, and 3071.55 mg/g, respectively. The dye removal mechanism was ascribed predominantly to electrostatic interactions. Moreover, the adsorption capacity of the PCFs toward cationic dyes was slightly influenced by the pH of the solutions because of the sulfonate moieties, which exhibit stability under acidic and alkaline conditions. Furthermore, the recyclability and reusability of the as-prepared PCFs were satisfactory and good mechanical properties and thermal stability were observed compared to those of pristine cotton fibers. Given the aforementioned results, the as-obtained PCFs are highly promising as ideal adsorbents for the remediation of dye-contaminated wastewater.

Graphical abstract

     

Preparation,characterization and application of a CTAB-modified nanoclay for the adsorption of an herbicide from aqueous solutions: Kinetic and equilibrium studies

In this study, surfactant-modified pillared montmorillonites (MMT) were prepared using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) by the intercalation method and used as adsorbent to remove bentazon from aqueous solutions. The main compositions of MMT and CTAB/MMT were characterized by Fourier transform–infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron micrography (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. The removal efficiency of bentazon was studied as a function of adsorbent dosage, pH, initial bentazon concentration and ionic strength (sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, sodium sulfate and sodium chloride). The removal efficiency of bentazon by CTAB/MMT was more than that of MMT in similar conditions. By increasing adsorbent dosage and initial bentazon concentration, the removal efficiency was increased and declined, respectively. The results showed that the maximum adsorption of organo-modified montmorillonite was obtained at pH 3. The maximum adsorption capacity was estimated to be 500 mg/g at pH 3 and room temperature. The study of the adsorption kinetic model revealed that the pseudo-second order model was the best applicable one to describe the adsorption of bentazon onto CTAB/MMT. Adsorption data were analyzed by both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms and the results showed that it was better described by the Langmuir model. The adsorption capacities of the samples were found to increase with Na₂CO₃ anion saturation, while they decreased in the presence of NaHCO₃, Na₂SO₄ and NaCl.     

乙基纤维素磁性复合材料对溶液中铜离子的吸附性能

重金属离子对生态环境以及人类健康造成了严重的危害,因此处理水体中的重金属离子迫在眉睫。采用共沉淀法,以乙基纤维素为模版,将四氧化三铁（Fe₃O₄）纳米颗粒与乙基纤维素复合,制备了乙基纤维素磁性复合材料（EC/Fe₃O₄）。探究了吸附添加量、溶液pH值和吸附时间等因素对溶液中Cu（Ⅱ）吸附过程的影响。结果表明,EC/Fe₃O₄表现出良好的吸附速率和吸附性能。吸附4 min,可达到吸附平衡状态。在Cu（Ⅱ）浓度为20 mg/L,pH=7,吸附时间为160 min条件下,EC/Fe₃O₄的单位吸附量q_e为76.98 mg/g,最大去除率为94.68%。在经过8次吸附循环后,单位吸附量为62.21 mg/g。     

亚铁氰化铜-聚丙烯酰胺/羧甲基纤维素/石墨烯复合水凝胶的制备及铷吸附性能

铷是一种稀贵的碱金属,具有很高的经济价值和广阔应用前景,从卤水中有效提取铷具有重要意义。通过热引发聚合法合成水凝胶基质（聚丙烯酰胺/羧甲基纤维素/氧化石墨烯水凝胶,PCG）固定亚铁氰化铜（KCuFC）,制备了一种新型的铷（Rb⁺）吸附剂（KCuFC-PCG）。采用物理化学方法对KCuFC-PCG的结构和性质进行了表征。通过批量吸附实验,研究了pH值、吸附时间、Rb⁺初始质量浓度、温度和竞争离子对吸附的影响。结果表明,KCuFC-PCG吸附剂在pH值（5～9）范围内表现出良好的吸附能力,pH=8时表现最佳;在Rb⁺质量浓度为5 mg/L,pH=8,吸附6 h达到吸附平衡,KCuFC-PCG的对Rb⁺的吸附量为89.12 mg/g;动力学行为可用准二级动力学模型来描述,表明化学吸附为速率控制步骤;吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,为单分子层吸附,最大吸附量为258.4 mg/g。以0.2 mol/L NH₄Cl作为解吸剂,解吸3 h,解吸率为77%。