用亚微米级晶种涂层法合成NaA沸石膜及其结构表征

 在大孔α-Al2O3陶瓷管载体上,采用亚微米级晶种涂层法在澄清溶液体系中二次生长成膜,制备了NaA沸石膜. 采用TEM,SEM和XRD等手段对晶种、陶瓷载体及沸石膜的结构、晶体形貌和成膜情况进行了表征. 结果表明,合成晶种的晶粒呈立方体,颗粒小(约150 nm)而均匀,无杂晶,可作为晶种在载体上进行预涂. 载体的孔径大而不均匀,表面粗糙不平整,直接成膜则表面仅有较少的沸石晶粒沉积,不能连续成膜. 经亚微米级晶种涂层后,载体表面形成了一层均匀、光滑的晶种层(厚度为2～3 μm); 水热晶化成膜后,膜表面晶粒相互交织生长完好,无晶间隙,所得膜致密,连续,规整,清晰,无裂缺. 该法是一种制备沸石膜的好方法.     

MEL分子筛膜不同取向生长的控制

采用晶种涂层的方法在单晶硅表面上制备了不同取向的MEL分子筛膜, 详细研究了膜的择优生长条件及其取向控制. 水含量和反应时间对膜的取向有较大影响. 在水含量较低的反应体系中, 缩短反应时间有利于得到(101)取向的分子筛膜. 水含量提高导致膜的取向发生变化, 由(101)取向变为(101)/(200)混合取向. 晶种层对膜的取向没有直接影响, 晶种层连续生长形成单层分子筛膜.     

微通道反应器内"就地"合成沸石膜催化层及其性能

采用简单、新颖的沸石粒子引入方法,将NaX沸石晶种引入不锈钢微反应器的微通道内,并用流动法"就地"直接在微通道内通过沸石生长形成NaX沸石膜层,经铯离子交换处理成为CsNaX催化层,用苯甲醛和氰基乙酸乙酯的Knoevenagel缩合反应评价了该催化层的催化性能.结果表明,微通道内形成的沸石膜层连续,均匀,具有良好的催化功能.微反应器内缩合反应的结果明显优于传统反应器.     

FeCrAl丝网负载FAU沸石膜的制备及其催化性能

采用水热法制备FeCrAl丝网负载FAU沸石膜,考察了合成液老化、载体预涂晶种以及晶种液中添加聚乙烯醇(PVA)等因素的影响,评价了FeCrAl丝网负载FAU沸石膜对模型吸热燃料正辛烷裂解的催化活性。结果表明,载体表面预涂Y分子筛晶种后有助于增加载体表面分子筛负载量,采用老化后的合成液,效果更显著,并且更易在金属丝上生长出一层连续致密的FAU沸石膜。在相同水热合成条件下,载体表面用含PVA的晶种液预涂晶种后,可增加分子筛负载量。正辛烷在FeCrAl丝网负载FAU沸石膜上的初始裂解转化率(7.2%～13.2%,500 ℃)高于其在空白载体上的裂解转化率(4.4%),FAU沸石膜的初始催化活性不仅与载体表面分子筛负载量有关,也与分子筛膜的形貌有关。     

清液体系中T型分子筛膜的高重复性合成与渗透汽化性能

以自制微米级分子筛为晶种,在清液体系中成功合成出高性能的T型分子筛膜,考察了硅铝比、水硅比、碱度及合成温度与时间等条件对膜的生长和渗透汽化性能的影响.结果表明,在摩尔组成为1SiO₂:0.015Al₂O₃:0.41(Na₂O+K₂O):30H₂O的清液体系中,于423K晶化6h的条件下可较快地形成一层厚度为5μm的连续致密纯相T型分子筛膜,较大缩短了膜合成时间且提高了膜致密性.在优化条件下所合成的膜具有优良的分离性能和高重复性.348K时,在10wt%水-90wt%异丙醇混合物体系中膜的渗透通量和分离因子分别高达4.20kg/(m²·h)和7800.     

高性能T型沸石膜的合成及水热/耐酸性能

考察了晶种尺寸形貌及晶化温度对T型沸石膜的形成演化过程以及分离性能的影响,调查表明采用小尺寸的晶种可制备出致密的沸石膜,且膜的生长速率受晶化温度影响,低温下合成同性能的膜需更长的晶化时间。当晶种尺寸分别为0.4和0.6μm时,423 K晶化4 h可制得高性能的T型沸石膜,348 K分离90%(w/w)异丙醇/水混合物体系,其通量分别高达6.21和5.98 kg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),分离因子均10 000。实验发现,膜的形成过程受外延生长机理控制,与晶种形貌尺寸和晶化温度无关,且所制得的高性能T型沸石膜具有很好的水热稳定性及耐酸性。     

两步变温晶种法制备丝光沸石膜及其渗透汽化乙酸脱水性能

在水热晶种法基础上采用两步变温晶化以高水硅比(n_H2O/n_SiO2)稀溶液配方为合成液,研制用于渗透汽化(PV)乙酸脱水的丝光沸石膜(MOR膜),考察了变温晶化各段时间、水硅比与氟离子对MOR膜的形貌与分离性能的影响规律。结果表明：高温段晶化时间、水硅比与氟离子对MOR膜的形貌、结晶度和膜层厚度产生显著影响,并影响MOR膜渗透气化分离性能;在高温段(150℃)和低温段(120℃)的晶化时间分别为18和6 h,在水硅比为60且含氟离子体系中所制备的MOR膜的性能最佳,其对质量分数50%的乙酸水溶液的渗透通量和分离系数分别为1.45 kg·m^-2·h^-1和1 008。     

高渗透性能丝光沸石膜的合成及在醇/水分离体系中的应用

 以四乙基溴化铵为模板剂，用原位水热合成法在α－Al2O3陶瓷\r\n管上合成出丝光沸石膜，系统研究了合成母液的组成、晶化时间、老化\r\n时间、硅源和铝源以及氟化钠助剂的添加等因素对丝光沸石膜成膜和表\r\n面形貌的影响．结果表明，老化可使成膜沸石的晶粒从30μm减小到5μ\r\nm；添加氟化钠也能减小晶粒的大小；使用异丙醇铝为铝源能制得高度\r\n定向的丝光沸石膜．提出了丝光沸石膜的成膜机理，认为成核发生在载\r\n体表面，凝胶层的晶化过程是从载体的表面开始,不断转化,充分生长后达到凝胶层的表面. 丝光沸石膜对醇/水混合体系的分离研究表明,水/甲醇、水/乙醇、水/正丙醇和水/异丙醇的分离因子分别可达到1500(323 K,水含量xw=15%),4200(343 K,xw=15%),4200(343 K,xw=50%)和3400(343 K,xw=50%),所合成的丝光沸石膜能选择性地透过水,对醇/水混合物有较高的分离系数.     

用喷涂晶种法ZSM-5合成沸石膜及其影响因素考察

在多孔α－Ａｌ２Ｏ３载体上,采用喷涂方法引入一层晶种,再用水热法合成出渗透量大、气体选择分离系数高的ＺＳＭ－５沸石膜;对影响ＺＳＭ－５沸石膜合成的主要因素进行卫考察,并用ＸＲＤ,ＳＥＭ及单组分气体渗透性能测定对所合成的沸石膜进行了表征。结果表明,所合成的沸石膜是典型的ＺＳＭ－５沸石膜,膜表面晶粒排列有序,整齐地连成一致密层,绝大部分晶粒的取向一致,无较大裂缺存在,经一次合成的沸石膜的Ｈ２渗透率可达     

气体水合物膜生长动力学研究进展

由于大多数水合物客体不溶于水,水相与客体相界面首先形成一层气体水合物膜,气体水合物膜生长是水合物生长的主要形式,研究水合物膜生长规律对于理解水合物生长动力学及进一步开发促进和抑制水合物生长的应用技术具有重要意义.本文综述了近年来气体水合物膜生长形态、横向生长和增厚生长的理论和实验研究进展.首先介绍了不同客体-水体系(包括气/液界面、液/液界面和气-液-液体系)形成的水合物膜生长形态随实验条件的变化规律,然后分别从横向生长和增厚生长两方面总结了水合物膜生长的实验和模型方面的研究工作,阐述了常见的膜生长速率和膜厚度的测量方法,分析了水合物膜生长的传热和传质机理.同时展望了未来水合物膜生长研究的发展方向.     

二次生长法NaA沸石分子筛膜的合成与表征——推荐一个研究型综合实验

介绍一个研究型综合实验——二次生长法NaA沸石分子筛膜的合成与表征。实验预先利用热浸渍法在α-Al_2O_3多孔载体管外表面引入NaA沸石分子筛晶种,再通过二次生长法合成NaA沸石分子筛膜。用扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射仪表征载体管和NaA沸石分子筛及膜的形貌和结构,并利用渗透蒸发乙醇脱水膜分离装置测试膜的分离性能。通过本实验使学生了解膜分离技术这一科学前沿领域,激发学生对科学研究的兴趣,培养学生的科研探究能力。本实验涵盖合成、表征及性能测试,知识要点多、学科覆盖面广,有利于提升学生的实践操作能力、创新意识和综合运用知识的能力。     

NaA Zeolite Membrane with High Performance Synthesized by Vapor Phase Transformation Method

IntroductionZeolitemembranes ,asaremarkablebranchofinor ganicmembrane ,havepotentialadvantagesinmanyappli cationssuchascatalysisandseparation ,chemicalsensors ,ascousticwavedevices ,andmicroelectronicdevicesduetotheiruniformporesizeatthemolecularlevelandresis tancetohightemperature .1 5For 10years ,manyre searchershavepaidconsiderableattentiontosynthesisofzeolitemembraneswithhighperformance .Amongthere portedzeolitemembranes ,mostattentionwasfocusedonsynthesisofMFI typezeolitemembranebecausei…     

NaA型分子筛膜的合成及分离性能的研究

在自制的片状多孔陶瓷载体上,通过多次原位水热晶化合成出ＮａＡ型分子筛膜,通过扫描电子显微镜观测,发现在某些区域,小颗粒的ＮａＡ型分子筛以非常紧密的形式畸晶孪生在一起,其致密度远好于由分子筛晶粒松散无规律堆积而形成的膜排列经类膜生长形式可能是获得取致密无缺陷型分子筛膜的一种途径,单组分及双组分气体渗透测试结果表明,在所合成的分子筛膜上,晶粒间隙孔可能是主要的膜扩散通道,可凝聚气体异丁烷因发生毛细管凝     

澄清溶液中NaA型分子筛膜的合成及气体渗透性能

The use of zeolite membranes in separation or combined reaction and separation processes is very attractive. Advantages of using such a type of membranes include their ability to discriminate molecules based on the molecular size and their stability[1]. In the past ten years, most efforts were involved in the synthesis and permeation studies of MFI zeolite membrane[2, 3]. Recently, NaA zeolite membrane has attracted much attention because of its high potential in the dehydration of organic liquids[4]. However, few gas permeation results were reported[5]. Furthermore, most of the NaA zeolite membrane was synthesized from gel[4]. In this letter, the synthesis of NaA zeolite membrane from clear solution and its gas permeation properties are reported.     

Y沸石水热转晶为ECR-1沸石的研究

ECR-1具有十二元孔道, 其通常是在有机模板存在下合成的, 我们曾报道了在无有机模板剂的条件下合成沸石ECR-1, 本文报道在无有机模板剂存在的条件下Y沸石水热转晶为沸石ECR-1的研究结果. 因为Y沸石具有合成简单、价格低廉和不使用有机模板等特点, 所以对由Y沸石转晶为ECR-1的研究, 对其在工业上的应用具有重要意义.     

Preparation of Zeolite X Membranes on Porous Ceramic Substrates with Zeolite Seeds

Zeolite X membranes were investigated by in-situ hydrothermal synthesis on porous ceramic tubes precoated with zeolite X seeds or precursor amorphous aluminosilicate, and porous α-Al2O3 ceramic tubes with a pore size of 50 200 nm were employed as supports. Zeolite X crystals were synthesized by the classic method and mixed into deionized water as a slurry with a concentration of 0.2 0.5wt%, having a range of crystal sizes from 0.2 to 2μm. Crystal seeds were pressed into the pores near the inner surface of the ceramic tubes, and crystallization took place at 95℃ for 24-96 h. It was also investigated that Boehmite sol added with zeolite X seeds was precoated on ceramic supports to form a layer of γ-Al2O3 by heating, and hydrothermal crystallization could then take place to prepare the zeolite membranes on the composite ceramic tubes. The crystal species were characterized by XRD, and the morphology of the supports subjected to crystallization was characterized by SEM. The composite zeolite membranes have zeolitic top-layers with a thickness of 10-25 μm, and zeolite crystals can be intruded into pores of the supports as deeply as 100μm. The experimental results indicate that the precoating of zeolitic seeds on supports is beneficial to crystallization by shortening the synthesis time and improving the membrane strength. The resulting zeolite X membrane shows permselectivity to tri-n-butylamine((C4H9)3N) over perfluro-tributyl-amine ((C4Fg)3N), and a permeance ratio of 57 for ((C4Hg)3N to (C4F9)3N could be reached at 350℃. Permeances of BZ, EB and TIPB through the zeolite membrane were also measured and were found to slightly increase with temperature.     

Evaluation of the dehydration performance of zeolite NaA membrane on porous alumina tube by the alumina X-ray diffraction intensity.

A zeolite NaA (A-type zeolite of ca. 0.4 nm pore size; Linde Type A, LTA) membrane for the dehydration of alcohol was characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Also, the relationship between the X-ray absorption and the EtOH/H2O pervaporation (PV) dehydration performance (water selectivity and permeation flux) of the LTA membrane was first investigated. The LTA membranes used here were gel-synthesized hydrothermally on an alumina porous support tube. Since diffraction lines from the alumina generate from a deeper layer than those of the LTA crystal, and are absorbed by both the surface LTA crystal and materials embedded in the alumina porous support, the alumina (113) diffraction line was intensively monitored to estimate the overall X-ray absorption by the LTA membrane. The intensity of the alumina (113) diffraction line showed a good correlation with the PV dehydration performance of the LTA membrane, that is, lower values with the water selectivity and higher values with the permeation flux. The lower diffraction intensity means stronger X-ray absorption by the LTA membrane. The major factor causing the difference in the X-ray absorption is the thickness or quantity of materials embedded in an alumina porous support, rather than those of the surface LTA crystal. These phenomena can be used conveniently (without real PV experiments) to determine the EtOH/H2O PV dehydration performance of the LTA membrane.     

四乙基溴化铵-氟化物复合模板剂合成β沸石 Ⅲ.结晶动力学及其影响因素

 考察了用四乙基溴化铵－氟化钠复合模板剂合成β沸石的结晶动\r\n力学．结果表明：其晶化曲线为典型的S形曲线；成核活化能En＝65．\r\n79kJ／mol，生长活化能Ec＝91．49kJ／mol；与单纯的四乙基溴化铵模\r\n板剂体系相比，本体系成核诱导期较短，生长速率较快；n（NaF）／n\r\n（SiO2）值增大时，晶化诱导期缩短，成核速率加快，但氟化钠量过高\r\n时，成核速率反而降低，n（NaF）／n（SiO2）最佳值为0．10～0．17\r\n；较高的OH－／SiO2比有利于缩短晶化诱导期．     

有机功能化α-Al2O3陶瓷中空纤维表面合成高性能分离氢用NaA分子筛膜

通过浸渍3-氨丙基甲基二乙氧基硅烷(ADMS)对α-Al₂O₃中空纤维载体进行有机功能化改性, 使载体表面带正电, 利用NaA分子筛晶种负电性与功能化载体之间的静电吸附机理进行预涂晶种, 采用微波加热-二次生长法于载体表面合成了NaA分子筛膜. 采用X射线衍射(XRD)、zeta 电位、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等分析手段和气体渗透实验对NaA分子筛膜进行了表征. 考察了未改性NaA分子筛膜与改性NaA分子筛膜的形貌、结构和气体渗透性能差异. XRD结果表明载体表面只有NaA分子筛生成; zeta 电位分析表明NaA分子筛晶种及分子筛前驱体与有机功能化载体电位相反, 存在静电吸附作用; SEM结果显示改性NaA分子筛膜表面颗粒相互联结呈孪生态, 膜厚约5 μm, 膜层致密、均匀、平整; 在不同温度下对H₂、O₂、N₂和C₃H₈进行气体渗透测试,35 °C条件下改性NaA分子筛膜对H₂的渗透率仅为3.6×10^-7 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1, 较未改性NaA分子筛膜的渗透率(4.0×10^-7 mol·m^-2·s^-1·Pa^-1)低, 而改性NaA分子筛膜的H₂/C₃H₈理想分离系数则高达11.25, 远大于未改性NaA分子筛膜的H₂/C₃H₈理想分离系数(5.06).     

Nanocomposite MFI-alumina membranes via pore-plugging synthesis: Genesis of the zeolite material

This paper presents a study of MFI-type zeolite crystal growth during hydrothermal synthesis of nanocomposite MFI-alumina membranes by the pore-plugging method, using the standard protocol described in a previous study [S. Miachon, E. Landrivon, M. Aouine, Y. Sun, I. Kumakiri, Y. Li, O. Pachtová Prokopová, N. Guilhaume, A. Giroir-Fendler, H. Mozzanega, J.-A. Dalmon, Nanocomposite MFI-alumina membranes via pore-plugging synthesis: specific transport and separation properties, J. Membr. Sci. 281 (2006) 228]. To this aim, the materials have been characterized by SEM, EDX, pure H2 gas permeance and n-butane/H2 mixture separation at different stages of the synthesis. The effect of synthesis time in the range of 4–89 h and the effect of a 9-h interruption after a 8-h hydrothermal synthesis have been surveyed, as well as the mean pore size and the alumina phase of the support inner layer. Our results suggest that an interruption during the synthesis is necessary to allow the zeolite precursor to diffuse into the support pores. This diffusion leads to a further growth of zeolite crystals into the support matrix without formation of a continuous zeolite film on top of the support, as is usually reported in the literature. The zeolite crystals are fully embedded into the support top layer after at least 53-h synthesis time, leading to high quality membranes in only one synthesis run. The nanocomposite MFI-alumina architecture at the nanoscale has important consequences in improving the gas separation performance of this kind of materials when compared to more conventional film-like structures. A method based on gas transport measurements has been used to determine the effective thickness of the separating material.