左苯丙胺在多巴胺第三受体分子通道中传输分子动力学模拟

左旋苯丙胺(又称左苯丙胺, RAT)在临床上被用于治疗多种病症,作用在中枢神经细胞多巴胺受体上,同时它具有依赖性和成瘾性。为了探讨RAT被用作药物的药理和成瘾机制,本文用分子模拟获得RAT与多巴胺第三受体(D₃R)复合蛋白优化结构,并且采用伞形样本平均力势(PMF)方法和卵磷脂脂质分子模拟生物膜,采用分子动力学模拟获得RAT在D₃R结构中分子通道运动轨迹和自由能变化。RAT通过D₃R结构中的功能分子通道,朝细胞外方向传输运动的自由能变化为91.4 kJ·mol^-1。RAT通过D₃R结构中的保护分子通道,朝细胞双层膜方向传输运动的自由能变化为117.7 kJ·mol^-1。自由能数值表明RAT分子更容易通过D₃R结构中的功能分子通道,发挥其功能作用,增大功能多巴胺分子的释放,导致包括依赖性和成瘾性多种功能效果。研究结果证明RAT被用作药物的药理和成瘾机制与它在多巴胺受体中的分子通道上传输动力学和机制有密切关联。     

多巴胺在POPC磷脂双层膜中扩散和透过过程的分子动力学模拟

多巴胺作为脑组织内一种重要的神经递质在细胞膜内外需要做合适的迁移,发挥其功能.多巴胺在细胞膜中扩散和透过过程的分子动力学涉及到多巴胺分子保护通道的畅通,与精神分裂症等病症有关.本文采用1-棕榈酰-2-油酰-卵磷脂(POPC)双层膜模拟细胞膜,通过分子动力学模拟获得多巴胺分子在细胞膜中和透过细胞膜运动自由能变化,探讨多巴胺在细胞膜中扩散和透过过程的分子动力学.多巴胺分子在POPC磷脂双层膜中间层做扩散运动的自由能变化为10-54 kJ mol-1(310 K),显示多巴胺分子在细胞膜中间层很容易横向和纵向扩散,保持多巴胺保护通道的畅通.多巴胺分子不容易透过POPC磷脂双层膜,因为透过过程自由能能垒为117-125 kJ mol-1(310 K).因此,人脑组织神经细胞里生产的多巴胺分子可以储藏在生物细胞膜空间.而过量的多巴胺则可以通过保护通道进入磷脂双层膜结构中间,做横向和纵向扩散运动,并且透过细胞膜,避免精神分裂症的发生.生物细胞膜的正常功能对于保持多巴胺保护通道的畅通和避免精神分裂症的出现都是重要的.研究结果与其它实验观察和结果相一致.     

多巴胺在POPC磷脂双层膜中扩散和透过过程的分子动力学模拟

多巴胺作为脑组织内一种重要的神经递质在细胞膜内外需要做合适的迁移,发挥其功能. 多巴胺在细胞膜中扩散和透过过程的分子动力学涉及到多巴胺分子保护通道的畅通,与精神分裂症等病症有关. 本文采用1-棕榈酰-2-油酰-卵磷脂(POPC)双层膜模拟细胞膜,通过分子动力学模拟获得多巴胺分子在细胞膜中和透过细胞膜运动自由能变化,探讨多巴胺在细胞膜中扩散和透过过程的分子动力学. 多巴胺分子在POPC磷脂双层膜中间层做扩散运动的自由能变化为10-54 kJ·mol^-1 (310 K),显示多巴胺分子在细胞膜中间层很容易横向和纵向扩散,保持多巴胺保护通道的畅通. 多巴胺分子不容易透过POPC磷脂双层膜,因为透过过程自由能能垒为117-125 kJ·mol^-1 (310 K). 因此,人脑组织神经细胞里生产的多巴胺分子可以储藏在生物细胞膜空间. 而过量的多巴胺则可以通过保护通道进入磷脂双层膜结构中间,做横向和纵向扩散运动,并且透过细胞膜,避免精神分裂症的发生. 生物细胞膜的正常功能对于保持多巴胺保护通道的畅通和避免精神分裂症的出现都是重要的. 研究结果与其它实验观察和结果相一致.     

MgO活化甲烷碳氢键的密度泛函研究

在B3LYP/6-311 + G（2d, 2p）水平上计算了MgO + CH_4 → Mg+CH_3OH反应的 单态势能曲线。结果发现MgO和CH_4发生相互作用,首先形成两种类型的分子-分子 复合物（MgOCH_4和OMgCH_4）;分子-分子复合物OMgCH_4能发生进一步转化,即 MgO插入到CH_4的C-H键中,产生中间体HOMgCH_3,此中间体在本反应中是能量上最 稳定的构型;它还有可能进一步发生反应,产生原子-分子复合物MgCH_3OH,但其 活化能太高,为299.8kJ·mol~(-1),是整个反应的速率控制步骤;最后一步是 MgCH_3OH放出CH_3OH分子,整个反应放热146.1 kJ·mol~(-1)。     

单分子水对CH_2SH+NO_2反应机理影响的理论研究

在B3LYP/6-311++G(2df,p)水平下对单分子水参与下的CH_2SH+NO_2反应的微观机理进行了研究.为了获得更准确的能量信息,采用HL复合方法和CCSD(T)/aug-ccpvtz方法进行单点能校正.结果表明,加入单分子水后的CH_2SH+NO_2反应体系,共经过10条不同的反应路径,得到6种反应产物.与裸反应(CH_2SH+NO_2)相比,水分子在反应中起到了明显的正催化作用.不仅使生成产物trans-HONO的能垒(-52.84kJ·mol~(-1))降低了176.94kJ·mol~(-1),而且不需经过复杂的重排和异构化过程便可得到产物cis-HONO.在生成产物cis-HONO通道(Path3和Path4)中,活化能垒分别为143.65和126.70kJ·mol~(-1),而其裸反应的活化能垒却高达238.34kJ·mol~(-1).生成HNO_2的通道中(Path5和Path6)活化能垒分别为295.23和-42.19kJ·mol~(-1).其中Path6的无势垒过程使HNO_2也成为该反应的主要产物.另外,单分子水还可通过氢迁移的方式直接参与CH_2SH+NO_2的反应,活化能垒(TS7-TS10)分别为-10.62,151.03,186.22和155.10kJ·mol~(-1).除直接抽氢通道中的(Path8-Path10)外,其余反应通道均为放热反应,在热力学上是可行的.     

氢分子与超氧阴离子自由基反应的微观机理

为了认识氢气生物学效应的分子机制,采用量子化学的M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p)和CCSD(t)/aug-cc-pVTZ方法模拟了人体条件(310K、液相)下氢分子与超氧阴离子自由基的反应机理。研究表明,反应的吉布斯自由能变化值为117.2kJ·mol~(-1),活化自由能垒为156.2kJ·mol~(-1),从热力学及动力学角度该反应都不容易进行。然后从电子结构和轨道作用层面对反应的微观机制进行了探讨,发现从反应物变为过渡态过程中,复合物轨道的组成和轨道能级发生显著变化(尤其是第8号轨道能级升高最多,达到2.73eV),O~-_2片段向H_2片段的电子转移数增加了0.1760个,并且转移的电子主要集居于第8号轨道,这削弱了H_2片段两个H原子间的化学键,也是反应活化能的主要来源。     

分子转动惯量与正烷烃熔沸点的预测

在分子转动模型基础上,以半经验分子轨道(AM1)方法计算分子的转动惯量及其它结构参数,获得15个正烷烃的沸点和熔点的多元线性回归方程。其中正烷烃的沸点与短轴转动惯量(c)和碳原子数(n)相关 (bp=-147.2-0.01189c+36.17n, R=0.9985, SD=6.97), 而熔点与分子的长轴转动惯量(a)、短轴转动惯量(b,c)及重定向能(E)相关(mp=-260.3+15.70a +19.74b -19.76c +1.30E, R=0.99991, SD=1.07)。分子的长轴转动惯量和重定向能与正烷烃熔点的奇－偶锯齿形规律相关。     

石墨烯-聚多巴胺纳米复合材料制备过氧化氢生物传感器

通过合成具有仿生功能的石墨烯-聚多巴胺纳米材料,将其与辣根过氧化酶组装到电极表面,以对苯二酚为电子媒介体制备H2O2传感器.此修饰电极对H2O2具有良好的电催化活性,检测的线性范围为5.0×10-7～3.3×10-4 mol/L;线性回归方程为Y=29.69x+ 0.04577,相关系数为R=0.9995;检出限为3.7×10-7 mol/L(S/N=3).     

莱克多巴胺-印迹聚合物微球的制备及其色谱表征

以莱克多巴胺为模板分子,甲基丙烯酸为功能单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯为交联剂,乙醇为致孔剂采用沉淀聚合法合成了对莱克多巴胺具有高特异识别性的分子印迹聚合物,平衡吸附量达145.6μg/g微球。将制备的印迹聚合物微球装填高效液相色谱柱(50 mm×4.6 mm i.d.)。印迹柱的印迹因子(IF)为1.2,印迹柱和非印迹柱的保留因子(k)分别为33.3和15.1,表明合成聚合物印迹效果明显。分别用10μg/mL克伦特罗、沙丁胺醇和莱克多巴胺3种β-兴奋剂溶液考察自制高效液相色谱柱的分离效果,克伦特罗和沙丁胺醇的选择性系数(α)分别为2.3和1.2,表明所制备的分子印迹柱对以上3种β-兴奋剂显示了良好的选择性。     

齐墩果酸分子印迹聚合物预组装体系的分子模拟及聚合物制备

以齐墩果酸(OA)为模板分子,三氟甲基丙烯酸(TFMAA)、α-甲基丙烯酸(MAA)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、4-乙烯基吡啶(4-VP)为功能单体,三氯甲烷、四氢呋喃、乙醇、甲醇和丙酮为溶剂,基于量子化学密度泛函理论(DFT)和ONIOM方法,采用Gaussian09软件模拟计算了模板分子与不同功能单体的印迹聚合物预组装体系的构型,探讨了模板分子与功能单体在不同印迹比例时所形成复合物的成键情况以及反应过程中的结合能,并采用自洽反应场极化连续模型(CPCM)计算了功能单体与模板分子在不同溶剂中的溶剂化能。结果表明,TFMAA与模板分子OA以1:1摩尔比形成复合物的结合能ΔE最高(-70.99kJ·mol~(-1)),结构最稳定,模板分子和功能单体在三氯甲烷中的溶剂化能最小。同时,采用实验方法验证模拟结果,并利用扫描电镜、傅里叶红外光谱仪和静态吸附实验对印迹聚合物的形貌、化学基团和吸附性能等进行表征。结果表明,模拟结果与实验结果完全一致,计算机模拟对分子印迹体系的筛选和机理研究提供了理论依据。     

Synthesis and characterization of V-MFI obtained in fluoride-containing medium

Crystallization fields for the formation of V-MFI were determined from gels of composition: xNa₂O–yVO₂–7NaF–ySO₃–zSiO₂–2TPABr–260H₂O at 190 °C with 3.6≤x≤14.4 and 2.1≤y≤7.1 for z=12.0 and with 0.3≤y≤4.2 and 4.0≤z≤12.0 for x=3.6; TPA=tetrapropylammonium ions. The crystallization curves were analysed together with the various intermediate phases using XRD, pH of mother liquors, thermal analysis and SEM. The final samples were analysed, in addition, by multinuclear NMR. It is concluded, that V can be introduced into the MFI framework as V(IV) ions, accompanied by the presence of two SiOH defect groups per V atom introduced. The ⁵¹V-NMR signal due to V(V) can only be detected when additional vanadium-containing siliceous phases are formed.     

用恒温热重法测定1-己基-3-甲基咪唑苏氨酸离子液体[C6mim][Thr]蒸汽压和蒸发焓

用中和法合成了氨基酸离子液体(AAIL)1-己基-3-甲基苏氨酸盐[C₆mim][Thr],并用核磁共振氢谱(¹H NMR)和核磁共振碳谱(¹³C NMR)进行了表征。以苯甲酸为参考物质,用恒温热重法确定了AAIL[C₆mim][Thr]的蒸汽压和在平均温度下(T_av= 438.15 K)的蒸发焓(Δ^g_lH_m^? (T_av) =128.5 ± 6.0 kJ·mol^-1)。利用Verevkin等人提出的方法计算得到AAIL[C₆mim][Thr]气态和液态的恒压热容差(Δ^g_lC_pm^? = -70.8 J·K^-1·mol^-1),进而计算了不同温度的蒸发焓,其中参考温度(298.15 K)下的蒸发焓Δ^g_lH_m^? (298.15 K) = 138.4 kJ·mol^-1,只比应用我们提出的蒸发焓理论模型估算值大1.6 kJ·mol^-1,小于恒温热重法的实验误差3.0 kJ·mol^-1,说明这个蒸发焓的理论模型有一定的合理性。借助Clausius-Clapeyron方程估算了AAIL[C₆mim][Thr]的假想的正常沸点T_b= 522.07 K,以及沸点的蒸发熵Δ^g_lS_m^? (T_b) = 228.5 J·K^-1·mol^-1,进一步得到了不同温度的蒸发熵和蒸发自由能Δ^g_lG_m^? (T),其结果表明蒸发自由能随着温度的上升而减小,达到沸点温度T_b时变为零,而蒸发熵则随着温度上升而增大,是AAIL[C₆mim][Thr]蒸发过程的驱动力。     

LiCl-KCl-CeCl3熔盐结构与热力学的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟的方法,研究了LiCl-KCl-CeCl₃熔盐中CeCl₃的结构性质和热力学,获得了LiCl-KCl-CeCl₃熔盐中密度与组成、密度与温度的关系数据;径向分布函数g_Ce-Cl(r)的第一个峰位置为0.259nm, Ce³⁺对应的第一个配位数约为6.9;混合熔盐中计算数据与纯熔盐中数据的差异可以解释为混合熔盐中Ce³⁺和Cl^-的相互作用比纯的CeCl₃更强; LiCl-KCl熔盐中Ce³⁺的自扩散活化能为22.5 kJ·mol^-1,从活化能的本质来说, Ce³⁺自扩散所需要克服的能垒要略低于U³⁺(25.8 kJ·mol^-1)。当Ce³⁺的摩尔分数从0.005增加到0.05时,其指前因子从31.9×10^-5 cm²·s^-1减少到21.8×10^-5 cm²·s^-1;随着Ce³⁺摩尔分数从0.005增长到0.05,单位体积内(忽略总体积的变化)Ce³⁺的增加意味着其扩散阻力增加,而自扩散的能力降低,导致了指前因子的减小。     

气相色谱正构烷烃和直链脂肪酸甲酯两种线性保留指数之间的转换方法

保留指数是气相色谱中用于化合物结构鉴定的重要工具。本研究对基于正构烷烃和直链脂肪酸甲酯的线性保留指数进行线性拟合,发现在所设定的4种不同的升温条件下两种保留指数之间呈现较为固定的线性关系：在弱极性柱（固定液为5%苯基和95%的甲基聚硅氧烷）和极性柱（固定液为聚乙二醇）条件下,正构烷烃保留指数（y）与脂肪酸甲酯保留指数（x）之间的关系分别为y=1.0051x+318.51（r²=1）和y=1.0362x+562.519（r²=1）。采用文献保留指数对所建立的线性关系进行验证,发现通过公式换算得到的保留指数均在其对应文献值的均值加减方差范围内,说明换算公式真实有效。两种保留指数之间关系的建立对于化合物结构鉴定时扩大保留指数搜索范围、减少保留指数测定实验具有重要意义。     

Synthesis of ferrocenyl-1,2-diketones and related compounds: Crystal and molecular structures of 1,2-diferrocenylethanedione and 1-ferrocenyl-2-(4-biphenylyl) ethanedione

Ferrocenyl-1,2-diketones FcCOCOR, 3, [Fc = (C₅H₅)Fe(C₅H₄)] can be prepared by oxidation of acylferrocenes FcCOCH₂R or, more efficiently, by oxidation of the isomeric ketones FcCH₂COR, 2. The ketones 2 are in turn readily synthesized from the salt (FcCH₂PPh₃)⁺I⁻ via the acylated salts [FcCH(COR)PPh₃]⁺I⁻. The haloacylferocenes FcCOCCl_x H_3−x (x = 1, 2, 3, of which the x = 2 example is synthetically equivalent to a diketone) are synthesized by Friedel—Crafts acylation of ferrocene using CCl_xH_3−xCOCl/AlCl₃, but the reaction proceeds via two parallel pathways, one giving the normal acyl derivatives FcCOCCl_xH_3−x and the other giving the reduced products FcCOCCl_x−1H_4−x. Two diketones FcCOCOFc 3b and FcCOCOC₆H₄Ph 3c have been structurally characterised by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.     

Temperature dependence of the rate constant for reactions of hydrated electrons with H, OH and H2O2

The temperature dependence of the rate constants, for the reactions of hydrated electrons with H atoms, OH radicals and H₂O₂ has been determined. The reaction with H atoms, studied in the temperature range 20–250°C gives k(20°C) = 2.4 × 10¹⁰M^-1s¹ and the activation energy E_A = 14.0 kJ mol^-1 (3.3 kcal mol^-1). For reaction with OH radicals the corresponding values are, k(20°C) = 3.1 × 10¹⁰M^-1s^-1 and E_A = 14.7 kJ mol^-1 (3.5 kcal mol^-1) determined in the temperature range 5–175°C. For reaction with H₂O₂ the values are, k(20°C) = 1.2 × 10¹⁰M^-1s^-1 and E_A = 15.6 kJ mol^-1 (3.7 kcal mol^-1) measured from 5–150°C. Thus, the activation energy for all three fast reactions is close to that expected for diffusion controlled reactions. As phosphates were used as buffer system, the rate constant and activation energy for the reaction of hydrated electron with H₂PO₄^- was determined to k(20°C) = 1.5 × 10⁷M^-1s^-1 and E_A = 7.4 kJ mol^-1 (1.8 kcal mol^-1) in the temperature range 20–200°C.     

含TEMPO配合物的合成、表征、谱学性质及光猝灭机理

A novel Pt(Ⅱ)-based metallointercalator terpyridine complex linked with a 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyl N-oxide (TEMPO) derivative was prepared by a reaction between 4'-TEMPO-terpyridine (L) and a Pt(Ⅱ) salt. This complex presented unusual luminescence quenching owing to the effect of the stable nitroxide radical. The crystal structure of[Pt(terpy-TEMPO)Cl]Cl·H₂O·CH₃OH (terpy=2, 2':6', 2"-terpyridine) was elucidated by X-ray crystallography. Additionally, the effect of TEMPO on the photophysical properties of[Pt(terpy-TEMPO)Cl] Cl·H₂O·CH₃OH was investigated by UV-Vis, fluorescence emission, and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. Data from the absorption and luminescence properties (298 K) of the[Pt(terpy-TEMPO)Cl]⁺ complex indicated the presence of two groups of typical bands:an intense band B with distinct vibronic structures (270-350 nm, ε>10⁴ dm³·mol^-1·cm^-1) and a less intense band A (370-450 nm, ε~10³ dm³·mol^-1·cm^-1). These two bands are generally assigned to ligand-to-ligand charge transfer (LLCT) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states, respectively. Furthermore, efficient photoluminescent quenching behavior was observed in the emission spectra of this complex system. Quantum calculations of the molecular energy gaps and bands were performed by Gaussian 09 software. The calculated results verified that TEMPO greatly affects the energy gaps between the highest occupied molecular orbital and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. Thus, the relationship between efficient photoquenching and molecular structure was theoretically interpreted. EPR results indicated that when TEMPO is attached to a macrocyclic terpyridine platinum complex, e.g., [Pt(terpy)Cl]⁺, the terpyridine platinum complex does not affect the hyperfine coupling constant (A value) and g factor (g values) but the rotation and relaxation times of the TEMPO radical.     

Ab initio MRD-CI study of GaAs, GaAs2(±), Ga2As2(±) and As4 clusters

Using pseudopotentials and double zeta basis sets with s, p diffuse functions and two sets of d functions, MRD-CI calculations were performed on As₂^(±), As₄⁽⁺⁾, GaAs⁻, GaAs₂^(±) and Ga₂As₂^(±). This study complements previous theoretical investigations on Ga^(±) to Ga₄^(±) and GaAs⁽⁺⁾. For As₄ tetrahedral symmetry was assumed, and Re of X¹A₁ determined as 4.73a₀. Vertical ionization potentials to several states of As₄⁺ were calculated. For GaAs₂, GaAs₂⁺ and GaAs₂⁻, ground and one low-lying state were geometry-optimized, both in C_2v (Ga-As-As), and linear symmetry (GaAsAs, C_∞h and AsGaAs, D_∞h). The lowest state of GaAs₂ is ²B₂ in C_2v. For Ga₂As₂, the lowest state and low-lying excited states were optimized in various geometries. The most stable state has rhombic structure (¹A_g in D_2h), but T-form and other forms (C_2v, C_∞v, D_∞h) are only 1–2 eV less stable. In D_2h symmetry, several low-lying excited states of Ga₂As₂ were studied. The ground states of Ga₂As₂⁺ and Ga₂As₂⁻ were found to be ²B_2u, and ²B_2g, respectively. Trends in ionization potentials (IP), electron affinities (EA), atomization energies and fragmentation energies for the molecules Ga_xAs_y and the pure compounds Ga_n and As_n up to 4 atoms, were studied. Ga_xAs_y clusters, with x + y even, have higher IP's than odd-numbered clusters. An experimentally observed alternation of EA, whereby an odd number of atoms have higher EA than their even neighbors, is confirmed. The mixed compounds Ga_xAs_y have atomization energies between those of Ga_n and As_n (x + y = n), usually closer to those of Ga_n. Fragmentation of Ga_xAs_y occurs such that As----As bonds are retained, and if possible, also Ga----As bonds, since the dissociation energy of As₂ is higher than that of GaAs, which in turn is higher than that of Ga₂. Calculated fragmentation energies agree qualitatively with experimental observations about the composition of 3-atomic and 4-atomic clusters Ga_xAs_y.     

甲基多巴透过POPC磷脂双层膜过程的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟研究甲基多巴分子透过磷脂双层膜的动力学机制.研究所采用的磷脂双层膜是一种卵磷脂脂质分子双层膜,即1-棕榈酰-2-油酰-卵磷脂(POPC)双层膜,分子动力学模拟基于Gromacs程序.通过分子动力学模拟获得甲基多巴透过POPC双层膜的自由能垒是99.9 kJ·mol-1(310 K),显示甲基多巴分子可以透过细胞生物膜.模拟获得甲基多巴在POPC双层膜中间层扩散运动的自由能垒是16.9-27.7 kJ·mol-1(310 K),证明甲基多巴分子在细胞膜中间层容易扩散.研究工作加深了对甲基多巴治疗高血压病机制的理解,促进研发治疗高血压病的新药物.