双层丝阵Z箍缩电流分配实验研究

负载内外层电流分配是决定双层丝阵Z箍缩内爆动力学模式的关键因素. 在"强光一号"装置上, 利用微型磁探针系统定量测量了双层钨丝阵三个重要径向位置点的电流, 获得了其在驱动电流开始上升至驱动电流达到峰值之前20ns这一阶段内的时间演化行为. 实验使用的双层钨丝阵负载高度为20mm、单丝直径为3.8μm、内/外层丝阵直径分别为8mm/16mm. 对比了内/外层丝根数分别为42/21和21/42时电流分配的差异. 结果表明: 驱动电流上升过程中, 内外层丝阵的电流均逐步增大, 外层丝阵电流份额逐渐减小, 而内层丝阵电流份额逐渐增大; 内层丝阵最大电流份额未超过50%; 内/外层丝根数为21/42的负载外层电流较大. 关键词： Z箍缩 双层丝阵 电流分配     

15 MA Z箍缩装置真空磁绝缘传输线损失电流的电路模拟

采用TL-code电路编码方法,建立了15 MA Z箍缩装置多层圆盘锥磁绝缘传输线的全电路模型,分析了外磁绝缘传输线、汇流柱和内磁绝缘传输线三个区域电流损失特性.外磁绝缘传输线磁绝缘形成过程的空间电荷损失持续时间约30 ns,对负载电流影响小.进入磁绝缘稳态时,外磁绝缘传输线末端鞘层电子流损失约300 k A.汇流柱区域电流损失与电极等离子体运动速率密切相关,当等离子体运动速率为21 cm/μs时,负载峰值电流时刻损失电流约4 MA.内磁绝缘传输线电流损失取决于阳极离子流种类,电流损失在负载峰值电流时刻之后,损失电流约2.1 MA.当15 MA装置驱动长度2 cm、半径2 cm、质量3 mg丝阵负载时,绝缘堆峰值电流约18 MA,负载峰值电流约13.5 MA、峰值时间(0—100%)约为100 ns.     

等离子体断路开关装置上的多丝Z箍缩初步实验

 开展了基于等离子体断路开关的脉冲功率源驱动多丝Z箍缩负载初步实验，实验中采用了2根或4根钨丝组成的环形阵列，其中钨丝的直径分别为7 mm和20 mm。利用高速扫描摄影获取钨丝电爆炸和箍缩过程中等离子体自发光的物理图像。实验结果表明：导通电流为105 kA的等离子体断路开关将67%~78%的电流转换至金属丝阵负载上，负载电流上升沿为84~110 ns。高速扫描相机观察到了钨丝电爆炸形成晕等离子体及其向轴线箍缩和后期向外膨胀的物理过程。     

基于聚龙一号的钨丝阵Z箍缩内爆辐射特性

介绍了基于聚龙一号装置的Z箍缩诊断和实验布局, 分析了丝数132~300、丝直径5~10 m、丝阵直径13~30 mm的单/双层钨丝阵Z箍缩内爆动力学过程和软X射线辐射特性规律。研究表明, 钨丝阵等离子体的停滞时间与零维薄壳模型计算的停滞时间一致, 内爆轨迹存在偏离, 丝阵等离子体内爆开始前以丝烧蚀为主, 内爆开始时间约为总内爆时间的67%;随着负载质量和半径的增大, 负载电流、内爆停滞时间和X射线辐射脉冲半高宽也相应增加, X射线辐射峰值功率减小。双层钨丝阵的内爆均匀性和一致性优于单层丝阵, 其辐射峰值功率明显高于单层钨丝阵, 但单/双层钨丝阵辐射产额基本相当, 能量转换效率约为15%。此外, 还初步讨论了单层钨丝阵驱动的低密度泡沫动态黑腔辐射功率波形特征及其与纯钨丝阵内爆辐射的差异。     

铝-钨丝混编阵的Z-箍缩实验研究

利用铝丝和钨丝混合编制的丝阵作为Z箍缩的负载，在俄罗斯Kurchatov研究所的S300强流装置上对其Z箍缩过程进行了实验研究，并与纯铝丝阵和纯钨丝阵的实验结果进行了比较.不同材料组成的丝阵的Z箍缩x射线能谱之间有明显差异，混编丝阵的铝K壳层的x射线辐射强度比纯铝丝阵的弱，在纯钨丝阵Z箍缩中没有发现波长小于1.6nm的线辐射.混编丝阵Z箍缩的x射线发光区域比纯铝丝阵的小，但比纯钨丝阵的大,混编丝阵的x射线产额比纯铝丝阵的大，但比纯钨丝阵的略低.在驱动电流为2.5—2.8MA条件下，Z箍缩的径向收缩比为4—5，x射线辐射脉冲脉宽为25ns左右，峰值为0.3—0.5TW，总能量为10—20kJ.激光探针的阴影像显示了丝阵等离子体形成的细致过程，还表明了等离子体的边界面不够清晰，其不稳定性有明显的发展，内部有丰富的结构. 关键词： Z箍缩 混编丝阵 S300强流装置     

Z箍缩动态黑腔阴影像诊断研究

为了获得填充泡沫的钨丝阵动态黑腔动力学演化图像, 研究钨等离子体与泡沫柱的相互作用形式, 在1 MA脉冲功率装置上设计了四分幅紫外探针光(266 nm)阴影成像系统, 该系统时间分辨为2.5 ns, 静态空间分辨优于70 μm, 径向阴影图像展示了从固体丝膨胀消融到先驱等离子体与泡沫相互作用, 从泡沫的箍缩到反弹膨胀的全过程. 图像显示了在长约50 ns时间内丝等离子体以雨的形式持续与泡沫相互作用, 在整个箍缩阶段并未观察到等离子体壳层结构. 定量分析表明泡沫柱的最小箍缩速度为1.0×10⁶ cm/s, 最大箍缩速度为6.0×10⁶ cm/s, 在轴上滞止的直径约为1 mm. 通过对数值模拟计算结果的讨论, 明确了在Z箍缩等离子体状态下阴 影成像结果主要反映了逆轫致吸收效应, 与径向功率波形的时间关联给出了钨等离子体主体与泡沫柱相互作用时刻的图像. 关键词： 动态黑腔 阴影像 箍缩速度     

“强光一号”钨丝阵Z箍缩等离子体辐射特性研究

在“强光一号”装置驱动电流峰值1.4—2.1MA、上升时间80—100ns条件下，研究了不同丝阵直径、丝数及丝直径的钨丝阵负载Z箍缩等离子体的辐射特性.用自行研制的测试系统对等离子体辐射参数进行了诊断.实验获得的最大X射线总能量为34kJ，最大峰值功率为1.28TW.得到了一些关于钨丝阵Z箍缩等离子体辐射特性的规律性认识. 关键词： 钨丝阵 Z箍缩 等离子体辐射     

平行面多金属钨丝Z箍缩实验研究

 利用“阳”加速器对平行面多金属钨丝（直径17 μm，丝间距1 mm，丝数3根或5根）负载进行了Z箍缩聚爆实验研究。在峰值为350 kA,上升沿约80 ns的电流作用下，使用针孔成像技术和X射线诊断技术，获得多钨丝等离子体融合图像及相应的软X射线辐射信号。对金属丝聚爆过程中负载电流变化对实验影响进行了分析，并探讨了引起聚爆过程中的等离子体柱腊肠型不稳定性、扭曲型不稳定性和“热点”及其周围弥散斑等现象的原因。     

紫外激光探针在Z-pinch中的应用北大核心CSCD

报道了基于脉冲宽度为16ns、波长为266nm、总能量为30mJ、时间分辨为1.6ns的紫外激光四分幅阴影成像系统,用于研究Z-pinch产生等离子体与在丝阵负载中心放置塑料泡沫材料相互作用输运规律,研究动态黑腔形成过程的主要物理因素。使用高能高密度激光束透射等离子体,依据等离子体对激光束吸收衰减特性诊断激光束通过等离子体后的空间强度分布,通过理论计算获得等离子体空间密度分布,获得等离子体产生的早期稳定性、箍缩速度等规律。实验研究表明,在X射线峰值前约-25ns等离子体开始压缩塑料泡沫,在峰值前-5ns压缩到最小,之后泡沫开始膨胀。在X射线峰值时刻泡沫直径由3mm压缩到直径约为1mm,对泡沫的最大压缩比约为9倍。实验测量压缩速度约为3.3×10~6 cm/s,并给出了不同时刻的磁流体不稳定结构分布。     

Z箍缩等离子体内爆X光辐射功率角分布

 在Z箍缩实验中,利用ST1432红光闪烁体、多模石英光纤探头和大电流光电倍增管探测器等研究了丝阵等离子体内爆过程中沿轴向与径向不同方位角的X光辐射功率分布。采用的负载为单层钨丝阵和单层铝丝阵,驱动电流1.5～1.8 MA,上升时间60～90 ns。实验结果表明:Z箍缩等离子体X光辐射强度有轴向和径向分布不均匀性;单层钨丝阵轴向X光辐射强度大于径向辐射强度;单层铝丝阵径向X光辐射强度大于轴向辐射强度。     

阳加速器钨丝阵内爆软X光功率辐射特性

介绍了在阳加速器上进行的系列W丝阵Z箍缩物理实验,实验中阳加速器Marx充电电压60 kV,负载电流输出0.85~1.00 MA,电流上升时间75~90 ns（10%~90%）;进行软X光辐射功率测量的主要仪器是软X光闪烁体功率计,其核心部件为对50~1800 eV X光具有平响应特性的蓝光闪烁体。给出了系列W丝阵Z箍缩实验软X光辐射功率测量结果,从软X光辐射输出随丝阵负载参数（包括丝阵直径、长度、丝数）变化关系讨论了钨丝阵内爆辐射特性,给出了阳加速器上各负载参数优化的结果:丝阵直径Ф8 mm,丝阵长度15 mm,丝数24。同时对软X光辐射的空间分布特性进行了初步的探讨,给出了辐射功率在负载的轴向和径向的分布。     

Current-induced implosion of a multiwire array as a radial plasma rainstorm

We present our experimental results of the X-ray radiography of fast radiating Z-pinches based on cylindrical multiwire tungsten arrays. The experiments were carried out at the Angara-5-1 facility at an electrical power of up to 4 TW with a discharge current of up to 4 MA rising at a rate on the order of 5×10¹³ A s^?1. The linear mass of single and composite arrays reached 500 µg cm^?1, the initial radius was 4–10 mm, and the wire diameter was 5–8 µm. We have experimentally shown that for the current-induced implosion of multiwire tungsten arrays, significant azimuthal and axial plasma inhomogeneities result from discharge cold start and prolonged plasma production, which determine the subsequent course of the implosion. The Z-pinch structure also remains spatially inhomogeneous at the time of intense X-ray radiation. The generated inhomogeneous plasma collapses toward the array axis in the form of numerous radially elongated plasmoids with relatively small diameters. The stream of plasmoids is called a radial plasma rainstorm. As the plasmoids contract toward the array axis, they decrease in radial size and merge into isolated plasma current filaments, which are elongated mainly along the discharge axis. We critically discuss the models of a radiating Z-pinch in plasma composed of matter with a large atomic number that disregard the cold-start and prolonged plasma-production effects.     

X-ray observations of tungsten wire array Z-pinch implosions on QiangGuang-1 facility

Z-pinch experiments with two arrays consisting, respectively, of 32 4-μm- and 6-μm-diameter tungsten wires have been carried out on QiangGuang-1 facility with a current rising up to 1.5MA in 80ns. At early time of implosion, x-ray framing images show that the initial emission comes from the central part of arrays, and double clear emission rings, drifting to the anode and the cathode at 5×10⁶cm/s and 2.4×10⁷cm/s respectively, are often produced near the electrodes. Later, in a 4-μm-diameter tungsten wire array, filamentation caused by ohmic heating is prominent, and more than ten filaments have been observed. A radial inward shift of arrays starts at about 30\,ns earlier than the occurrence of the x-ray peak power for both kinds of arrays, and the shrinkage rate of emission region is as high as 1.7×10⁷cm/s in a 4-μm-diameter tungsten wire array, which is two times higher than that in a 6-μm one. Emission from precursor plasmas is observed in implosion of 6-μm-diameter tungsten wire arrays, but not in implosion of a 4-μm-diameter tungsten wire array. Whereas, in a 4-μm-diameter tungsten wire array, the soft x-ray emission shows the growth of m=1 instability in the plasma column, which is caused by current. The reasons for the discrepancy between implosions of 4-μm- and 6-μm-diameter tungsten wire arrays are explained.     

Radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator

We investigated the radiation characteristics and implosion dynamics of low-wire-number cylindrical tungsten wire array Z-pinches on the YANG accelerator with a peak current 0.8-1.1 MA and a rising time ～ 90 ns.The arrays are made up of(8-32)×5 μm wires 6/10 mm in diameter and 15 mm in height.The highest X-ray power obtained in the experiments was about 0.37 TW with the total radiation energy ～ 13 kJ and the energy conversion efficiency ～ 9%(24×5 μm wires,6 mm in diameter).Most of the X-ray emissions from tungsten Z-pinch plasmas were distributed in the spectral band of 100-600 eV,peaked at 250 and 375 eV.The dominant wavelengths of the wire ablation and the magneto-Rayleigh-Taylor instability were found and analyzed through measuring the time-gated self-emission and laser interferometric images.Through analyzing the implosion trajectories obtained by an optical streak camera,the run-in velocities of the Z-pinch plasmas at the end of the implosion phase were determined to be about(1.3-2.1)×10 7 cm/s.     

Direct experimental evidence for current-transfer mode operation of nested tungsten wire arrays at 16-19 MA

Nested tungsten wire arrays (20-mm on 12-mm diam.) are shown for the first time to operate in a current-transfer mode at 16-19 MA, even for azimuthal interwire gaps of 0.2 mm that are the smallest typically used for any array experiment. After current transfer, the inner wire array shows discrete wire ablation and implosion characteristics identical to that of a single array, such as axially nonuniform ablation, delayed acceleration, and trailing mass and current. The presence of trailing mass from the outer and the inner arrays may play a role in determining nested array performance.     

准球型负载装配技术

根据准球型负载的结构和材料特点及其装配过程中对精度的要求,开展了丝阵和泡沫微球装配技术的研究。并根据准球型负载的丝阵装配技术,进行了丝阵直径约8mm、钨丝直径约10μm的丝阵负载装配;利用泡沫微球装配系统进行了直径约3mm微球与直径约200μm玻璃纤维的精确装配。准球型负载已成功应用于准球型负载物理试验中,并取得了较为理想的试验结果,有望在惯性约束聚变(ICF)物理试验及准球型负载物理试验中发挥更大的作用。     

Current implosion of quasi-spherical wire arrays

By means of the electrostatic expansion of a cylindrical wire array by an additional electrode, quasi-spherical arrays with a radius of 8–12 mm and a mass of 200–400 μg consisting of 30–60 tungsten wires 6 μm in thickness are formed. The compression of Z pinches formed by these arrays was performed by a current of 3–4 MA with a rise time of 100 ns in the Angara-5-1 facility. It has been shown that the central part of this array forms a region hotter than its edges and that for cylindrical arrays.