溴酸钾-二甲酚橙体系-顺序注射-催化光度法测定痕量钒

在酸性介质条件下,钒(Ⅳ)能显著催化溴酸钾对二甲酚橙的氧化褪色反应。据此建立了测定痕量钒(Ⅳ)的顺序注射催化光度法。方法的线性范围为0.5~50ng/mL、检出限为0.4ng/mL。对10ng/mL的钒(Ⅳ)连续11次测定的相对标准偏差为1.1%。用于环境水样中痕量钒(Ⅳ)的测定,加标回收率为91%~108%。     

偶氮胭脂红B-溴酸钾动力学光度法测定痕量钒

在有抗坏血酸作活化剂的条件下,微量钒(Ⅴ)能显著催化溴酸钾对偶氮胭脂红B(AZB)的氧化褪色反应。在研究了该催化反应的适宜条件和动力学参数的基础上,建立了测定痕量V(Ⅴ)的新催化光度法。该方法测定V(Ⅴ)的线性范围为1.0～3.2ng mL、检出限为1.1×10-2ng mL。对2ng mLV(Ⅴ)独立测定10次的相对标准偏差为0.20%。考察了40多种共存离子的影响,大多数共存离子不干扰测定。本法用于黄连、茶叶、大米和面粉中微量钒的测定,相对标准偏差为2.7%～3.9%,加标回收率为97.1%～105.4%。     

二苯硫脲-醋酸丁酯萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定地球化学样品中痕量银

对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银进行了研究。样品经盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、高氯酸溶解,在盐酸(1.2mol/L)介质中用醋酸丁酯萃取银与二苯硫脲螯合物,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银,方法检出限为0.011ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为6.0%¹2.2%,加标回收率为96.00%12.2%,加标回收率为96.00%¹05.00%。能满足地球化学样品中银含量为0.02105.00%。能满足地球化学样品中银含量为0.02⁵μg/g范围内银测定的准确度和精密度的要求。     

刻蚀不锈钢丝固相微萃取-高效液相色谱联用测定环境水样中痕量苯并[a]芘

用化学刻蚀法制作了不锈钢丝固相微萃取(SPME)纤维头,与高效液相色谱(HPLC)联用测定了环境水样中的痕量苯并[a]芘(B[a]p),考察了影响SPME的实验参数如萃取时间、解吸时间、萃取温度、搅拌速率和离子强度对萃取效率的影响,建立了测定水样中痕量B[a]p的SPME-HPLC方法。方法的线性范围0.10～4.00 ng/mL,相对标准偏差为7.5%(n=6),检出限为0.04 ng/mL,实际水样的加标回收率90.0%～105.0%。微萃取头机械强度高、寿命长、制作成本低,方法适用于测定环境水样中的痕量B[a]p。     

纳米硅羟基磷灰石分离富集-火焰原子吸收法测定水样中痕量铅

提出了纳米硅羟基磷灰石(Si-HAP)分离富集,火焰原子吸收光谱法(FAAS)测定水样中痕量铅的新方法。考察了铅在纳米Si-HAP上的吸附动力学、最佳酸度和吸附容量。实验结果表明:在最佳实验条件下,纳米Si-HAP能定量、快速地吸附水中的痕量Pb2+,其静态吸附容量24.33 mg/g;吸附在纳米Si-HAP上的Pb2+可用0.01mol/L EDTA-Ca完全洗脱。本法对Pb2+的检出限为1.33 ng/mL,相对标准偏差为4.0%(n=11,c=1μg/mL),加标回收率在94.9%~102.0%之间。方法用于实际水样中铅的测定,结果满意。     

2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定水中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)

以2-(5-溴-2-吡啶偶氮)-5-二甲氨基苯胺(5-Br-PADMA)为螯合剂,Triton X-114为萃取剂,建立了浊点萃取-石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定超痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的新方法。研究了溶液pH、螯合剂和表面活性剂浓度、平衡温度和时间等因素对浊点萃取的影响。优化条件为:pH=5.0 HAc-NaAc缓冲溶液,0.35 mL 5.0×10-4 mol/L 5-BrPADMA,1.0mL 1.0%Triton X-114,60℃保温15min。方法的线性范围为0.05~4.0ng/mL,检出限为0.017ng/mL,相对标准偏差为3.1%(n=10),富集因子为48。方法用于水样中痕量Cu(Ⅱ)的测定,加标回收率在97.0%~102.0%之间。     

二甲基黄催化动力学光度法测定痕量铱

基于在H3PO4介质中,Ir(Ⅳ)对KIO4氧化二甲基黄的反应具有催化作用,建立了测定痕量铱的新催化光度法.测定铱的线性范围为(3.2～8.8)×10-2 μg/mL,检出限为7.54×10-7 g/L.对0.04 μg/mL Ir(Ⅳ)测定的相对标准偏差为1.5%(n=11).该催化反应对Ir(Ⅳ)和二甲基黄均为一级反应,其表观活化能为103.8 kJ/mol.试验了40多种共存离子的影响,大多数的常见离子不干扰测定.用该方法测定了岩矿和冶金产品中铱的含量,相对标准偏差为0.93%～2.5%,加标回收率为98.2%～102%.     

化学修饰探针原子吸收光谱法测定无机锡（Ⅳ）

本文描述了用化学修饰探针原子吸收法测定水中无机锡(Ⅳ)的最佳测定条件,并测定了自来水和矿泉水中的无机锡(Ⅳ)。水样经盐酸酸化后直接测定,测定样品的最低检测限为0.4 ng/mL,线性范围是0.4～20 ng/mL。4 ng/mL的锡(Ⅳ)试样,11次测定结果的相对标准偏差为5.7%。     

钒(Ⅴ)-亚铁氰化钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系测定钒

本文利用钒(Ⅴ)-亚铁氰化钾-鲁米诺化学发光体系建立了痕量钒的化学发光测定法。方法检出限是2×10~(-10)g/mL钒,线性范围是4×10~(-10)～1×10~(-7)g/mL钒,测定的相对标准偏差小于2%,考察了26种常见离子的干扰情况。方法已用于水样中痕量钒的测定。     

二苯硫脲-醋酸丁酯萃取-石墨炉原子吸收法测定地球化学样品中痕量银

对石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银进行了研究。样品经盐酸、硝酸、硫酸、高氯酸溶解,在盐酸(1.2mol/L)介质中用醋酸丁酯萃取银与二苯硫脲螯合物,用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定地球化学样品中痕量银,方法检出限为0.011ng/mL,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)为6.0%~12.2%,加标回收率为96.00%~105.00%。能满足地球化学样品中银含量为0.02~5μg/g范围内银测定的准确度和精密度的要求。     

V(Ⅴ)-I~--十六烷基三甲基溴化铵体系共振散射光谱及分析应用

研究了在盐酸介质中,V(Ⅴ)-I--十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)离子缔合物的共振散射光谱。实验发现,当有V(Ⅴ)存在时,V(Ⅴ)与过量的I-反应生成I3-,I3-与CTMAB形成离子缔合物微粒(CTMAB+.I3-)n,使I--CTMAB溶液的共振光散射强度显著增加。在波长563nm处,共振散射光强度最大且光散射强度与钒浓度在2～60ng/mL范围内呈正比,据此建立了测定环境样品中痕量钒的共振散射光谱分析新方法,方法检出限为0.66ng/mL。用拟定的方法测定环境样品中微量钒,相对标准偏差小于7.5%,回收率在97.8%～102.4%。     

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of selenium and vanadium

A sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Se(IV) over the range of 45 to 4000 ng in 10 mL of solution. The method is based on the catalytic effect of Se(IV) on the reduction reaction of bromate by hydrazinium dichloride, with subsequent reaction of Ponceau S with products of the above reaction (chlorine and bromine), causing color changing of Ponceau S. Method development includes optimization of time interval for measurement of slope, pH, reagents concentration, and temperature. The optimized conditions yielded a theoretical detection limit of 33 ng/¶10 mL of solution of Se(IV). The interfering effects were studied and removed. The method was applied to the determination of selenium in spiked water, Kjeldahl tablet, selenium tablet, and shampoo. Vanadium(V) has an inhibition effect on the catalyzed reaction of bromate and hydrazine by selenium. Using this effect, V(V) can be determined in the range of 70 to 2500 ng in 10 mL of solution. The optimization procedure includes pH and selenium concentration. An extraction method was used for interference removal. The method was applied to the determination of vanadium in petroleum.     

Determination of trace titanium with titanium(IV)-(DBC-arsenazo)-potassium bromate system by catalytic-kinetic spectrophotometry

In a 0.080 M sulphuric acid medium, trace titanium(IV) catalyzes the discoloring reaction of DBC-arsenazo oxidized by potassium bromate and the discoloring degree is proportional to the concentration of titanium(IV) in the solution. A new catalytic-kinetic spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace titanium(IV) was developed based on this principle. At a wavelength of 516 nm, the linear range of determination of titanium(IV) is 0–2.2 μg/25 mL. The detection limit for the determination of titanium is 2.04 ng/mL. The present method has been satisfactorily applied to the determination of titanium in fish samples. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Kinetic spectrophotometric determination of trace amounts of selenium and vanadium

A sensitive kinetic spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of Se(IV) over the range of 45 to 4000 ng in 10 mL of solution. The method is based on the catalytic effect of Se(IV) on the reduction reaction of bromate by hydrazinium dichloride, with subsequent reaction of Ponceau S with products of the above reaction (chlorine and bromine), causing color changing of Ponceau S. Method development includes optimization of time interval for measurement of slope, pH, reagents concentration, and temperature. The optimized conditions yielded a theoretical detection limit of 33 ng/?10 mL of solution of Se(IV). The interfering effects were studied and removed. The method was applied to the determination of selenium in spiked water, Kjeldahl tablet, selenium tablet, and shampoo. Vanadium(V) has an inhibition effect on the catalyzed reaction of bromate and hydrazine by selenium. Using this effect, V(V) can be determined in the range of 70 to 2500 ng in 10 mL of solution. The optimization procedure includes pH and selenium concentration. An extraction method was used for interference removal. The method was applied to the determination of vanadium in petroleum. Received: 20 October 1998 / Revised: 17 April 1999 / Accepted: 3 June 1999     

Catalytic spectrophotometric determination of molybdenum (VI) with the hydrazine-metanil yellow system

A new catalytic Spectrophotometric method for the determination of trace amounts of molybdenum (VI) has been proposed. The method is based on the catalytic effect of Mo(VI) on the reduction of metanil yellow by hydrazine dihydrochloride. Under experiment condition, the linear range of determination is 20–160 ng/mL for molybdenum and the detection limit is 11.2ng/mL. The method has been used to determine trace molybdenum in bean samples with the recovery of 96.0–99.0%, with relative standard deviations of 1.50–2.53%.     

Chemiluminescence Determination of Molybdenum by on-Line Reduction with a Flow Injection System

ThereactionsofLuwithhydrogenperoxidecatalysedbymetalionsandalsoreactionofLuwithorganicreductantssuchasglucoseandascorbicacidhavebeenreported"=.OurrecentstudiesshowedthatsomeinorganicreductantssuchasMo(Ill),V(11),U(ill),W(ill),Cr(II),Ti(ill)andFe(11)etc.canreactwithLuinstrongalkalinemediumtogenerateCL.Inthispaper,theCLreactionbetweenLuandMo(ill)producedbyaJonesreductor3hasbeenstudiedindetailforthefirsttime,andtheCLreactionhasbeensuccessfullyappliedtodeterminemolybdenumwithexcellentsensi…     

荧光黄的示波极谱特性研究及其在催化反应-示波极谱分析中的应用

在pH4.9HOAc-NaOAc缓冲溶液中, 荧光黄于-0.50V(vs.SCE)产生一灵敏的单扫描示波极谱波。在100℃弱碱性介质中, 铱(IV)对KIO~4氧化荧光黄这一反应具有强烈催化作用。本文研究了荧光黄的示波极谱行为及利用该催化反应测定痕量铱的各种影响因素,拟定了铱的催化反应-示波极谱分析新方法, 它们的检出限和测定范围分别为0.04ng/mL和0.08-8.0ng/mL。     

Speciation of vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V) with Eriochrome Cyanine R in natural waters by solid phase spectrophotometry

The separation and preconcentration of vanadium (IV) and vanadium (V) using Sephadex DEAE A-25 with Eriochrome Cyanine R has been studied, based on the preconcentration of vanadium (IV) in the first step and V(V) after reduction with ascorbic acid in the second step. Factors affecting the optimum fixation of the complex were investigated. The absorbance of the solid phase is measured directly at 563 nm for V(IV), at 585 nm for V(V) and at 750 nm for both. The proposed method provides a simple and specific procedure for the separation of vanadium in natural waters. The calibration graph is linear up to 150 ng/mL, with RSD of 4.7% for V(IV) and 4.0% for V(V). The detection limits are 1.6 and 1.4 ng/mL for V(IV) and V(V), respectively.     

钒(Ⅴ)催化氧化甲基紫的反应动力学及其应用

在 H2 SO4 介质中 ,以抗坏血酸为活化剂 ,痕量的钒 ( )可强烈地催化溴酸钾氧化甲基紫的反应 ,研究了反应的最佳条件及动力学参数 ,探讨了反应机理 ,建立了测定超痕量钒的高灵敏方法 ,方法的线性范围 0 .0～ 2 50 pg/m L ,检出限为 6.5×1 0 - 13g/m L。方法用于井水、蔬菜及血清中痕量钒的测定 ,获得令人满意的结果