卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中氨基甲酸酯类农药的前处理研究

采用Envi-carb/NH2复合柱净化,GC/MS法检测,对提取条件、净化条件和检测条件充分优化后,建立了卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中4种氨基甲酸酯类农药(久效威、甲奈威、克百威和抗蚜威)含量的快速分析方法.该方法的线性范围为0.01～10.0mg/L,相关系数(R)大于0.996 6,日内、日间相对标准偏差(RSD)均小于6.97%,检测限(LOD)均为10μg/L,样品的加标回收率均大于90.20%～92.80%.方法用于卷烟主流烟气总粒相物中氨基甲酸酯类农药含量的测定,结果令人满意.     

离子色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的硫化氢

建立了测定卷烟主流烟气中硫化氢含量的离子色谱法.采用玻璃纤维滤片捕集卷烟烟气粒相物,并用0.5%(体积分数)乙二胺-50 mmol/L氢氧化钠-250 mmol/L乙酸钠溶液萃取粒相物,吸收液吸收气相物中的硫化氢,合并粒相萃取液与气相吸收液,经离子色谱柱分离,以1.5 mol/L氢氧化钠-1 mol/L乙酸钠-2%(体积分数)乙二胺(40∶50∶10,体积比)为流动相,安培检测器检测并施加-100 mv的检测电位.运用方法对12种市售卷烟样品进行了测定,结果表明:方法的线性范围为0.1~5.0μg/mL,检出限为1.03μg/mL,定量限为3.41μg/mL,回收率为102.3%~107.2%,相对标准偏差小于5%.方法处理简单、准确度高,可以用于卷烟烟气中硫化氢含量的测定.     

卷烟主流烟气气相物和总粒相物中有机酸的分析研究

以二氯甲烷-甲醇为萃取溶剂,N,O-双(三甲基硅基)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)为硅烷化试剂,采用配备氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)的气相色谱仪分别对卷烟主流烟气中气相物和总粒相物中甲酸、乙酸、硬脂酸等21种有机酸进行了定量分析。对样品主流烟气中气相物前处理硅烷化条件及有机酸萃取条件进行了优化,并采用气相色谱法对卷烟主流烟气中气相物和总粒相物中有机酸的含量进行了定量分析。该方法用于实际样品中挥发性有机酸分析时,回收率为88.12%～98.63%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.51%～8.38%。     

离子色谱法测定假冒卷烟所用熏硫烟叶中的亚硫酸盐

建立了离子交换-电导检测离子色谱法测定假冒卷烟所用熏硫烟叶中亚硫酸盐的检测方法。选用Ion-Pac AS11-HC型分离柱,以15 mmol/L KOH为淋洗液,样品经10 mmol/L KOH溶液浸提后,过滤进样分析。SO32-浓度在0.2~20.0 mg/L范围内与色谱峰面积呈良好的线性关系,线性相关系数r=0.999 6。该法测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.96%(n=6),样品加标回收率为92.50%~98.20%,检出限为0.051 mg/L。     

卷烟主流烟气中氨的捕集及其离子色谱法测定

设计了高效的烟气捕集装置,建立了一种稀硫酸吸收、离子色谱法测定的卷烟主流烟气中氨的分析新方法.与早期的比色法、容量法、氨电极法、气相色谱法相比,该方法快速、简便,不需要复杂的样品前处理,完成一次分析只需12 min.检出限为0.005 mg/L,RSD为3.7%,空白加标回收率在87%～102%之间,吸烟加标回收率在98%～106%之间.测定了国内50种主要品牌卷烟,其主流烟气中氨含量范围为6.50～14.22μg/支烟.     

固相萃取/高效液相色谱法对卷烟主流烟气中丙烯酰胺及其滤咀截留的测定

建立了一种用固相萃取/高效液相色谱法(SPE/HPLC)快速检测主流烟气中丙烯酰胺及其滤咀截留的方法.使用剑桥滤片和吸收瓶捕集主流烟气中的丙烯酰胺,蒸馏水为萃取溶剂,采用C18固相萃取小柱对样品液进行纯化,外标法定量.采用Waters Nova-Pak C18柱(3.9 mm×150 mm×4 μm),柱温30 ℃,流动相为乙腈-水(体积比3 ∶ 47),流速为0.6 mL/min,DAD检测器检测波长为202 nm对丙烯酰胺进行分离测定,外标法定量.方法的线性范围为0.1 ～10 mg/L,线性相关系数为0.999 9;回收率为93% ～102%,检出限(S/N=3)为0.01 mg/L.测试了8种烤烟型香烟主流烟气中丙烯酰胺的含量为6.89 ～15.82 μg/cig;丙烯酰胺在8种烤烟型香烟滤咀中的截留范围为0.94 ～1.10 μg/cig.     

主流烟气中挥发酚萃取的均匀设计法优化研究

本文运用均匀设计法,对卷烟主流烟气中挥发酚的萃取方法进行了优化研究.先用剑桥滤片捕集烟气总粒相物中的挥发酚,以1%的醋酸.水为萃取剂进行快速溶剂萃取(ASE),再用高效液相色谱分析主流烟气中七种挥发酚的含量.考察了静态萃取时间、冲洗体积、循环次数、加热温度等萃取条件对萃取效果的影响,确定了最佳理论萃取条件.结果显示:①7种挥发酚的实际萃取条件、测定含量分别与理论萃取条件基本吻合;②该法相对标准偏差为1.66%～3.44%,回收率97.3%～104.2%,检测限5.66～14.40 ng/支,与超声萃取结果相差不大.     

应用固相萃取技术分析主流烟气中的芳香胺

建立了一种定量检测卷烟主流烟气中的芳香胺的新方法:应用第一柱为阳离子交换保留机理而第二柱为吸附保留机理的固相萃取(SEE)净化程序来处理样品,从第一柱上洗脱的芳香胺用五氟丙酸酐进行衍生化后,进入第二柱吸附色素和其它杂质,利用GC/MS进行分析测定.该方法具有灵敏度高、准确度高和易于自动化等优点,检出限为0.09ng/cig.～1.26ng/cig.,回收率为76.4%～103.1%.用该方法测定了某品牌卷烟烟气总粒相物中的14种芳香胺.     

超低温溶剂提取-全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中有机酸成分

建立了超低温溶剂提取结合全二维气相色谱/飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-TOF/MS)测定卷烟主流烟气中有机酸类成分的方法。首先利用乙醚为提取溶剂的超低温溶剂提取装置对卷烟主流烟气进行捕集,然后将提取液通过液液萃取、N,O-双(三甲基硅烷)三氟乙酰胺(BSTFA)衍生化后,以DB-1(30 m×0.25 mm,1.0μm)为一维色谱柱、DB-wax(1.5 m×0.1 mm,0.1μm)为二维色谱柱组成的柱系统对目标物进行分离,在调制周期为6 s、质量扫描范围为m/z 45~450的条件下,卷烟主流烟气中12种有机酸成分可以在58 min内得到准确的检测。实验结果表明,卷烟主流烟气中12种有机酸标准曲线相关系数R2>0.99,加标回收率为80.2%~107.8%,相对标准偏差(RSD)的范围为0.4%~12.1%(n=5),方法检出限为1.3~24.5μg/kg,定量限为4.1~77.1μg/kg。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的氨基甲酸乙酯

建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中氨基甲酸乙酯含量的分析方法。采用剑桥滤片捕集卷烟主流烟气中的氨基甲酸乙酯,以乙醇为萃取溶剂,振荡技术提取滤片中的目标物,探讨了洗脱溶剂种类、用量及不同类型固相萃取小柱对目标物的净化效果。在优化实验条件下,方法在6～720μg/L范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数(r2)为0.999 9,平均加标回收率为93.7%～99.8%,日内重复性RSD小于6%,日间重复性RSD小于5%,定量下限(LOQ)为0.26 ng/cig。该方法准确、灵敏、重现性好、溶剂用量少,适合于卷烟主流烟气中氨基甲酸乙酯含量的测定。     

快速分离柱高效液相色谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的主要羰基化合物

选择2,4-二硝基苯肼(DNPH)为羰基化合物的衍生化试剂,建立了快速分离柱高效液相色谱测定卷烟主流烟气中8种羰基化合物的方法。采用经2,4-二硝基苯肼酸性溶液处理过的剑桥滤片捕集烟气,再用含2%（体积分数）吡啶的乙腈溶液进行萃取,以ZORBAX Stable Bound色谱柱(50 mm×4.6 mm,1.8 μm)进行快速分离,最后由二极管阵列检测器于365 nm下进行检测。该方法的回收率为89.1%～99.2%,相对标准偏差（RSD)在6.0%以下。该方法分析时间短,流动相消耗少,且操作简便、重复性好、回收率高。     

离子色谱法同时测定胞外培养液中的有机酸与核苷酸

建立了一种利用阴离子交换色谱柱分离,抑制型电导检测器同时测定乳酸、丙酸、丙酮酸、苹果酸、磷酸二羟丙酮、柠檬酸、异柠檬酸7种有机酸和单磷酸核苷酸(AMP)、双磷酸核苷酸(ADP)、三磷酸核苷酸(ATP)3种核苷酸的方法。采用IonPacAS11-HC阴离子交换柱,KOH梯度洗脱,流速1.00mL/min,柱温30℃,进样体积25μL。方法的相对标准偏差为0.39%～4.69%,线性相关系数为0.9906～0.9996,加标回收率为80.71%～94.02%,方法可用于嗜热厌氧菌胞外培养液中有机酸和核苷酸的同时测定。     

离子交换色谱法对8种有机酸含量的同时测定

建立了淋洗液自动发生梯度淋洗的离子交换色谱法同时测定果汁中乳酸、乙酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、马来酸、草酸、柠檬酸、异柠檬酸8种有机酸的分析方法.样品经处理后用lonPac AS11-HC分离柱和lonPac AG11-HC型保护柱分离,以EG40自动淋洗液发生器生成的0.8～30 mmol/L KOH为淋洗液梯度洗脱,抑制型...     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定卷烟主流烟气中的四种致癌物

N-亚硝基降烟碱（NNN）、4-（亚硝基甲氨基）-1-（3-吡啶基）-1-丁酮（NNK）、N-亚硝基新烟草碱 （NAT）和N-亚硝基假木贼碱（NAB）是4种广泛存在于烟草和烟气中的致癌物,准确测定其含量对评估其对人体健康的影响有着重要的作用。采用液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱(LC-ESI MS/MS)技术建立了卷烟主流烟气中NNN、NNK、NAT和NAB的测定方法,并将其用于中国烤烟和混合型卷烟主流烟气的分析。卷烟主流烟气通过剑桥滤片捕集,捕集烟气后的滤片在加入100 μL氘代混合内标后用10 mL 100 mmol/L醋酸铵水溶液萃取,萃取液过水相滤膜后直接进行LC-ESI MS/MS检测。选用Agilent Zorbax Eclipse XDB-C18色谱柱,以流动相0.1%(v/v)乙酸水溶液和0.1%（v/v）乙酸甲醇溶液梯度洗脱,质谱检测采用正离子扫描,多反应监测模式。NNN、NNK、NAT和NAB的检出限分别为0.019、0.002、0.008和0.007 μg/L,回收率为84.9%～104.5%,相对标准偏差(n=8)为2.96%～6.65%。该方法的检出限低,特异性好,适用于卷烟主流烟气中NNN、NNK、NAT和NAB释放量的检测。     

离子色谱法测定水中4种有机酸

建立了水样中甲酸、乙酸、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的离子色谱测定方法,采用IonPac AS11-HC阴离子分离柱,以KOH为淋洗液,采用浓度梯度洗脱,可同时测定上述4种有机酸。方法对实际水样中甲酸、乙酸、丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸的平均加标回收率在80.2%~103.3%,相对标准偏差在5.8%之内,检出限分别为:0.005,0.003,0.005和0.004mg/L;定量下限分别为:0.020,0.012,0.020和0.016mg/L。方法准确、简便、环保,能够满足实际水样的测定需要,且水样中常见的阴离子不会对目标污染物的测定产生影响。     

单光子电离飞行时间质谱仪对香烟新鲜主流烟气的在线检测

利用单光子电离飞行时间质谱仪对吸烟模拟装置中的新鲜主流烟气进行实时在线检测,共测得40多种挥发性有机化合物,获得不同物质在逐口吸烟过程中含量的变化情况以及不同通风率的香烟烟气中的化合物含量情况。与此同时,使用主成分分析法对不同通风率的香烟种类的新鲜烟气的谱图进行分析,结果表明,在PCA散点图中,PC1=94%,PC2=3%,PC2=1%,三者之和达到98%,不同通风率的香烟的差异显著。实现了对逐口吸烟产生的新鲜主流烟中的有机成分进行在线检测分析。     

Chemical Studies on Tobacco Smoke. LXI. Volatile Pyridines: Quantitative Analysis in Mainstream and Sidestream Smoke of Cigarettes and Cigars

Abstract

A quantitative analytical method has been developed for volatile pyridines in tobacco smoke using pyridine- ¹⁴C as an internal standard. Mainstream and sidestream smoke are trapped in 0.05 N sulfuric acid anti partitioned with chloroform. The acidic portion is then concentrated, adjusted to pH 3 and extracted with chloroform. Methanol and a trace of 2N sulfuric acid are added to this chloroform portion and the mixture is carefully concentrated.

A trace of sodium hydroxide is added and the final concentrate is analyzed by gas chromatography. Twenty-one volatile pyridines have been identified. The mainstream stroke of a popular. 85-mm U.S. cigarette without filter tip contained the following major pyridines: 33.4 μg pyridine, 12.3 μg α-picoline, 24.2 μg. β+γ-picoline, 7.6 μg 3-ethylpgridine, 5.9 μg: 4-ethylpyridine, and 23.3 μg 3,4-lutidine + 3-vinylpyridine. The sidestream smoke of this cigarette contained up to 28 times higher concentrations of pyridines.

Volatile pyridines were also determined in the mainstream smoke of other non-filter cigarettes, filter cigarettes, little cigars and, a non-tobacco cigarette. Of special interest were the much greater quantities of volatile pyridines in the mainstream and sidestream of cigars in comparison to those of cigarettes. The ratio of pyridines in sidestream to those in mainstream was 5 to 50 in large cigars. Selective filtration was observed with both cellulose acetate and charcoal filter tips. The analytical method resulted in reproducible values for pyridine, with an average recovery rate of more than 90%. In addition to pyridines, two pyrazines were also isolated from the smoke. Processed tobacco contained minute amounts of some volatile pyridines.     

Separation and quantitation of phenolic compounds in mainstream cigarette smoke by capillary gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the selected-ion mode

Cigarette smoke condensate is a complex chemical matrix and determination of phenolic compounds in it frequently requires extensive and laborious sample preparation. By utilizing derivatization techniques and capillary column gas chromatography with mass spectrometry in the selected-ion mode, separation and quantitation of selected phenolic compounds found in mainstream cigarette smoke can be accomplished with minimal sample preparation. This method has been used to determine concentrations of phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, catechol, resorcinol and hydroquinone in cigarette smoke condensate from a number of commercially available cigarettes and a new cigarette which heats, but does not burn, tobacco. Unlike tobacco-burning cigarettes, levels of the phenolic compounds in the new cigarette smoke are at or below the detection limits for most of the compounds. This result is attributed to the unique design of the new cigarette.     

Optimization and validation of a gas chromatographic method for analysis of (RS,SR)-diastereoisomeric impurity in formoterol fumarate

The levels of 2-amino-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (AalphaC or 2-amino-alpha-carboline), 2-amino-3-methyl-9H-pyrido[2,3-b]indole (MeAalphaC or 2-amino-3-methyl-alpha-carboline), 9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (norharman), and 1-methyl-pyrido[3,4-b]indole (harman) have been determined in the mainstream smoke condensate from three reference cigarettes, namely Kentucky reference 1R5F, Kentucky reference 2R4F, and CORESTA CM4. The amino-alpha-carbolines, and norharman and harman (beta-carbolines) can be classified as heterocyclic aromatic amines (HAAs) and are listed as biologically active agents in the mainstream smoke of cigarettes. For the analysis, the mainstream smoke condensate from cigarettes was collected on a filter pad, the analytes were isolated using solid-phase extraction (SPE), and quantified without derivatization on a GC-MS. Total amounts of carbolines found in the condensate increased from ultralight 1R5F to full-flavor CM4 cigarettes. The level of harman was about 250 ng/cigarette for the 1R5F cigarette and about 1025 ng/cigarette for the CM4 cigarette. Norharman was typically three times more abundant than harman. The AalphaC was found at about 10 times lower level compared to harman, and MeAalphaC was about 50 times lower than harman. The use of reference cigarettes can provide a common measure for laboratories to assess carboline amounts among cigarette brands.