铈基复合氧化物载体对钯催化剂三效催化性质的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了CeO2,Ce0.6Zr0.4O2和Ce0.6Zr0.3Co0.1Ox载体材料,采用沉积沉淀法制备了Pd/CeO2,Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.4O2和Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3Co0.1O2-x催化剂。采用X射线衍射、氮气吸脱附、透射电子显微镜和氢气程序升温还原技术对三种催化剂的物化性质进行了表征,研究了其三效催化性质和热稳定性。结果表明:沉积沉淀法能制备出较小粒径且均匀分散的钯催化剂。掺杂钴元素(Co)可以改善载体及催化剂的氧化还原性能,提高催化剂的三效催化活性,并拓宽催化剂的三效工作窗口。Pd/Ce0.6Zr0.3Co0.1O2-x在水热老化后表现出良好的催化活性和优异的氧化还原性能。     

铝掺杂对铜铈复合氧化物催化一氧化碳氧化性能的影响

以金属硝酸盐为原料、碳酸钠为沉淀剂,采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Cu0.1Ce0.9-xAlxOy复合氧化物催化剂,并用低温氮气吸附/脱附、X-射线衍射(XRD)和氢-程序升温还原(H2-TPR)等对样品进行了表征,利用微反-色谱评价装置考察了催化剂对CO低温氧化反应的活性,研究了Al含量(x=0～0.3)和催化剂焙烧温度(350、500和650℃)对Cu0.1Ce0.9-xAxOy催化活性的影响。结果表明,随着催化剂中Al含量(x)的增加,Cu0.1Ce0.9-xAlxOy的催化活性先提高,至x=0.1时达到最大,之后又逐渐降低;当催化剂的焙烧温度为500℃时,Cu0.1Ce0.8Al0.1Oy的催化活性最大。Cu0.1Ce0.9-xAlxOy的催化活性与其CuO的还原性之间有较好的对应关系。     

Zr基载体负载Pd催化剂用于贫燃天然气汽车尾气净化

 采用共沉淀法制备了 ZrO2, Y0.1Zr0.9Ox, Ce0.1Zr0.9Ox 和 Al0.1Zr0.9Ox 系列 Zr 基载体, 并用 N2 吸附-脱附和 X 射线衍射对其进行了表征. 再以此为载体, 采用浸渍法制备了整体式负载 Pd 催化剂, 催化剂涂层的涂覆量为 180 g/L 左右, Pd 含量为 1.25%. 测定了催化剂上 Pd 的分散度. 在模拟的贫燃天然气汽车尾气中考察了催化剂的活性, 并在尾气中有或无 SO2 存在的条件下比较了催化剂活性的差异. 结果表明, Y3+, Ce4+ 或 Al3+ 改性载体负载的 Pd 催化剂的耐硫性能明显改善; 无论尾气中是否存在 SO2, 以 Y3+ 或 Al3+ 改性载体负载的 Pd 催化剂的活性均明显高于 ZrO2 负载体的 Pd 催化剂.     

铈基复合氧化物的结构及其对HCl催化氧化性能的影响

采用氨水共沉淀法制备了一系列铈基复合氧化物(Ce0.9M0.1O2,M=Cu、Cr、Zr、Ti、La),借助XRD、Raman、N2吸附-脱附、ESEM和H2-TPR等手段对复合氧化物的结构进行了表征,并考察了其在HCl催化氧化制Cl2过程中的性能.结果显示:Cu、Cr和Zr掺杂能显著减小复合氧化物晶粒尺寸,提高复合氧化物的比表面积和孔容,并提供更多的低温可还原氧物种.而La和Ti的掺杂可以获得较大的表面氧空位浓度以及增加高温可还原氧物种数目.复合氧化物结构和表面性质的变化显著影响了其HCl催化氧化活性,在430℃下铈基复合氧化物催化剂活性顺序为:Ce0.9Cu0.1O2Ce0.9Cr0.1O2Ce0.9Zr0.1O2Ce0.9Ti0.1O2Ce O2Ce0.9La0.1O2,低温可还原氧物种数目直接与催化剂活性有关.反应动力学测试显示催化剂低温可还原氧物种有利于HCl在催化剂表面的吸附和活化,而催化剂表面的氧空位可以促进氧分子的吸附和活化.     

浸渍顺序对CuCe/AC催化剂结构和性能的影响

通过在Cu/AC催化剂中添加稀土助剂Ce,考察不同的浸渍顺序对CuCe/AC(活性炭)催化剂表面结构及其催化甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯性能的影响,并采用XRD、XPS、H₂-TPR、AAS和HR-TEM等表征了催化剂活性组分含量、分散状态和价态等性质。发现共浸渍法制备的催化剂,Ce对活性组分Cu在活性炭表面的分散起到一定的促进作用;先浸渍Cu后浸渍Ce制备的催化剂,后浸渍的Ce覆盖部分Cu组分,使这些Cu组分难以还原并无法与反应物分子接触,导致其催化性能有所降低;而先浸渍Ce后浸渍Cu制备的催化剂,Ce组分和Cu组分产生相互作用,使表面存在较多分散均匀的Cu(0)和Cu(Ⅰ)物种,其化性能最佳,碳酸二甲酯的时空收率及选择性分别达到了142 mg·g^-1·h^-1和85%。     

浸渍顺序对CuCe/AC催化剂结构和性能的影响

通过在Cu/AC催化剂中添加稀土助剂Ce,考察不同的浸渍顺序对CuCe/AC(活性炭)催化剂表面结构及其催化甲醇气相氧化羰基化合成碳酸二甲酯性能的影响,并采用XRD、XPS、H₂-TPR、AAS和HR-TEM等表征了催化剂活性组分含量、分散状态和价态等性质。发现共浸渍法制备的催化剂,Ce对活性组分Cu在活性炭表面的分散起到一定的促进作用;先浸渍Cu后浸渍Ce制备的催化剂,后浸渍的Ce覆盖部分Cu组分,使这些Cu组分难以还原并无法与反应物分子接触,导致其催化性能有所降低;而先浸渍Ce后浸渍Cu制备的催化剂,Ce组分和Cu组分产生相互作用,使表面存在较多分散均匀的Cu(0)和Cu(Ⅰ)物种,其催化性能最佳,碳酸二甲酯的时空收率及选择性分别达到了142 mg·g^-1·h^-1和85%。     

Effect of Transition Metals (Cu, Co and Fe) on the Autothermal Reforming of Methane over Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.7Oδ Catalyst

The transition metals (Cu, Co, and Fe) were applied to modify Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1 Al0.7Oδcatalyst. The effects of transition metals on the catalytic properties of Ni/Ce0.2Zr0.1 Al0.7Oδautothermal reforming of methane were investigated. The Ni-supported catalysts were characterized by XRD, TPR and XPS. Tests in autothermal reforming of methane to hydrogen showed that the addition of transition metals (Cu and Co) significantly increased the activity of catalyst under the conditions of lower reaction temperature, and Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδwas found to have the highest conversion of CH4 among all catalysts in the operation temperatures ranging from 923 K to 1023 K. TPR, XRD and XPS measurements indicated that the cubic phases of CexZr1-xO2 solid solution were formed in the preparation process of catalysts. Strong interaction was found to exist between NiO and CexZr1-xO2 solid solution. The addition of Cu improved the dispersion of NiO, inhibited the formation of NiAl2O4, and thus significantly promoted the activity of the catalyst Ni/Cu0.05Ce0.2Zr0.1Al0.65Oδ.     

Pt/CexZr1-xO2催化剂上丙烷完全氧化性能研究

采用沉淀法制备了ZrO2,CeO2和Ce0.7Zr0.3O2载体,并用浸渍法制备负载型Pt催化剂。考察了500和900℃焙烧催化剂的丙烷完全氧化性能和水汽对丙烷氧化反应的影响。对于500℃焙烧的催化剂,催化剂的丙烷氧化活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-500>Pt/CeO2-500>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500;而经900℃焙烧的催化剂活性顺序为:Pt/ZrO2-900>Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900>Pt/CeO2-900。反应气氛中水汽的存在对两种Pt/ZrO2催化剂的活性均有抑制作用(T50温度均提高了10~15℃);而对于Pt/CeO2-500催化剂有抑制作用(T50温度提高10℃),但对Pt/CeO2-900催化剂活性有促进作用(T50温度下降25℃);对于两种Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2催化剂活性具有促进作用(T50温度均下降5~25℃)。表征结果表明催化剂的活性与其表面Pt物种价态密切相关,催化剂表面上Pt0物种有利于活性的提高。Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂中只含有氧化态Pt物种(Pt^2+),而Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-900催化剂中则含有部分金属态Pt物种,因此其活性高于Pt/Ce0.7Zr0.3O2-500催化剂。     

Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2和Pr0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2催化剂表面上CO氧化和18O-16O交换反应的研究

测定了在Ce0.6Zr0.4O2,Ce0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2,Pr0.6Zr0.4O2和Pr0.6Zr0.35Y0.05O2 (分别表示为CZ,CYZ,PZ和PYZ)样品表面上的CO氧化反应和18O-16O 同位素交换反应.结果表明: 在CZ和PZ系列固熔中掺杂Y3 离子可以改善晶格氧的迁移速度;PZ和PZY的晶格氧比CZ 和CZY 的晶格氧具有更高的氧化反应活性.其原因是将Y3 掺杂到Ce0.6Zr0.4O2 或Pr0.6Zr0.4O2晶格中,增加了样品的氧空位浓度,从而提高了晶格氧的迁移性质,而PrOx比CeO2具有更低温度的氧化还原性质,因此PZ和PZY的晶格氧比CZ 和CZY 的晶格氧具有更高的氧化反应活性.     

纳米Ce 1-x ZrxO2催化剂上乙醇催化氧化发光研究

研究了纳米Ce 1-x ZrxO2上乙醇催化氧化发光特性, 重点考察了反应温度和催化剂组成［n(Ce)/n(Zr)］对发光强度的影响. 在相近的反应条件下研究了纳米Ce 1-x ZrxO2上乙醇催化氧化反应的活性、 选择性和可能的催化发光机理. 结果表明， 催化发光强度与催化反应中生成CH3CHO的产率有很好的顺变关系.     

Effects of Fe-doping of ceria-based materials on their microstructural and dynamic oxygen storage and release properties

The structural/textual characteristics and dynamic oxygen storage capacity (DOSC) of Fe_0.1Ce_0.9O_x and Fe_0.1Ce_0.6Zr_0.3O_x samples prepared by sol–gel method are investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), Raman, Hydrogen temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and mass spectrometry with CO/O₂ transient pulses. The dynamic oxygen storage capacity and rate are largely promoted by Fe doping, and their thermal stability is enhanced by Fe and Zr co-doping. The DOSC (at 673 K) are ordered as: Fresh: Fe_0.1Ce_0.6Zr_0.3O_x (566.6 μmol/g) > Fe_0.1Ce_0.9O_x (551.8 μmol/g) > Ce_0.67Zr_0.33O₂ (287.5 μmol/g) > CeO₂ (140.3 μmol/g); Annealed_1,173K: Fe_0.1Ce_0.6Zr_0.3O_x (101.6 μmol/g) > Ce_0.67Zr_0.33O₂ (45.3 μmol/g) > Fe_0.1Ce_0.9O_x (44.9 μmol/g) > CeO₂ (43.3 μmol/g). The H₂-TPR results showed that Fe-incorporation improve the total oxygen storage capacity (TOSC) of mixed oxide and low temperature activity. The TOSC are ordered as: Fe_0.1Ce_0.9O_x (1.53 mmol/g) > Fe_0.1Ce_0.6Zr_0.3O_x (1.42 mmol/g) > Ce_0.67Zr_0.33O₂ (1.16 mmol/g) > CeO₂ (0.88 mmol/g). XRD and Raman results indicate that Fe_0.1Ce_0.9O_x and Fe_0.1Ce_0.6Zr_0.3O_x are characterized with the fluorite-type cubic structure similar to CeO₂. TPR and XPS analyses reveal that the introduction of Fe into ceria and ceria-zirconia mixed oxides strongly modified the structural and textural properties, which influenced the kinetics of bulk oxygen diffusion.     

Physicochemical properties of the surface of the (Y,La0.1)Ce x Zr1? x O2?δ( x = 0.1–0.7) and Y0.1Pr0.3Zr0.6O2?δ complex oxide systems

The physicochemical properties of the surface of the Y_0.1Ce _x Zr_1−x O_2−δ, La_0.1Ce _x Zr_1−x O_2−δ (x=0.1–0.7), and Y_0.1Pr_0.3Zr_0.6O_2−δ. complex oxide systems were studied using IR and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopies. An appreciable enrichment of the surface of the solids in rare-earth-metal cations (cerium or praseodymium) during the synthesis was revealed. While cations are uniformly spread over the surface of cerium-zirconium solid solutions, the Y_0.1Pr_0.3Zr_0.6O_2−δ surface is covered by the clusters or even a phase of praseodymia. Reductive treatment in hydrogen with subsequent reoxidation results in the segregation of cerium ions on the Y_0.1Ce_0.3Zr_0.6O_2−δ surface at a temperature as low as 770 K. Original Russian Text ? A.N. Kharlanov, L.N. Ikryannikova, V.V. Lunin, A. Yu. Stakheev, 2007, published in Zhurnal Fizicheskoi Khimii, 2007, Vol. 81, No. 7, pp. 1271–1277.     

Highly Dispersed Ce x Zr1−x O2 Nano-Oxides Over Alumina, Silica and Titania Supports for Catalytic Applications

We have been exploring the utilization of supported ceria and ceria–zirconia nano-oxides for different catalytic applications. In this comprehensive investigation, a series of Ce _x Zr_1−x O₂/Al₂O₃, Ce _x Zr_1−x O₂/SiO₂ and Ce _x Zr_1−x O₂/TiO₂ composite oxide catalysts were synthesized and subjected to thermal treatments from 773 to 1073 K to examine the influence of support on thermal stability, textural properties and catalytic activity of the ceria–zirconia solid solutions. The physicochemical characterization studies were performed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy (RS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HREM), thermogravimetry and BET surface area methods. To evaluate the catalytic properties, oxygen storage/release capacity (OSC) and CO oxidation activity measurements were carried out. The XRD analyses revealed the formation of Ce_0.75Zr_0.25O₂, Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂, Ce_0.16Zr_0.84O₂ and Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂ phases depending on the nature of support and calcination temperature employed. Raman spectroscopy measurements in corroboration with XRD results suggested enrichment of zirconium in the Ce _x Zr_1−x O₂ solid solutions with increasing calcination temperature thereby resulting in the formation of oxygen vacancies, lattice defects and oxygen ion displacement from the ideal cubic lattice positions. The HREM results indicated a well-dispersed cubic Ce _x Zr_1−x O₂ phase of the size around 5 nm over all supports at 773 K and there was no appreciable increase in the size after treatment at 1073 K. The XPS studies revealed the presence of cerium in both Ce⁴⁺ and Ce³⁺ oxidation states in different proportions depending on the nature of support and the treatment temperature applied. All characterization techniques indicated absence of pure ZrO₂ and crystalline inactive phases between Ce–Al, Ce–Si and Ce–Ti oxides. Among the three supports employed, silica was found to stabilize more effectively the nanosized Ce _x Zr_1−x O₂ oxides by retarding the sintering phenomenon during high temperature treatments, followed by alumina and titania. Interestingly, the alumina supported samples exhibited highest OSC and CO oxidation activity followed by titania and silica. Details of these findings are consolidated in this review.     

铈锆比对低贵金属Pt＋Rh/Ce0.3＋xZr0.6－xY0.1O1.95＋Al2O3三效催化剂性能的影响

用共沉淀法制得一系列铈锆比不同的Ce_0.3＋xZr_0.6－xY_0.1O_1.95储氧材料, 并用于制备了一系列低贵金属Pt＋Rh/Ce_0.3＋xZr_0.6－xY_0.1O_1.95＋Al₂O₃三效催化剂. 用比表面、程序升温还原以及X射线衍射对该系列催化剂进行表征, 结果发现, 催化剂的活性与催化剂中贵金属的还原性能密切相关, 低铈储氧材料比高铈储氧材料更有利于促进贵金属还原, 因而含低铈储氧材料催化剂的活性明显优于含高铈储氧材料催化剂的活性, Pt＋Rh/Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.1O_1.95＋Al₂O₃的活性最佳, 对HC, CO和NO的起燃温度最低分别为: 235, 175, 200 ℃. 样品经1000 ℃水热老化之后, 贵金属Pt被烧结而发生迁移, 使得催化剂的活性及还原性能变差, 含低铈材料的催化剂的抗老化性能优于含高铈材料的催化剂, 其中Pt＋Rh/Ce_0.35Zr_0.55Y_0.1O_1.95＋Al₂O₃的抗老化性能最好.     

铈锆固溶体的微波辅助法制备及表征

采用共沉淀法并结合不同的老化处理方式(室温陈化、常规加热回流和微波辅助加热回流)制备了Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂固溶体。利用SEM、N₂吸附、XRD、Raman光谱和H₂-TPR等技术对样品的形貌、比表面积、孔结构、晶相结构、高温热稳定性和还原性进行了表征,并考察了其对CO氧化反应的催化性能。结果表明,微波辅助加热回流老化处理所制备的固溶体属于立方萤石结构,颗粒的大小均匀,表面结构疏松,具有最大的比表面积和孔容、最高的热稳定性及最好的低温还原性。CO氧化实验表明微波辅助加热回流老化处理所制备的Ce_0.6Zr_0.4O₂固溶体具有最好的催化氧化活性。     

Pt/CexZr1-xO2 催化剂在含硫合成气中催化水煤气变换反应活性

 采用浸渍法制备了 Pt/Ce_xZr_1-xO₂ 催化剂, 通过 X 射线衍射和程序升温还原等方法对催化剂进行了表征, 并在固定床反应器中评价了催化剂在合成气和含硫合成气中的水煤气变换活性. 结果表明, 铈锆固溶体的氧化还原能力强于 CeO₂, Zr 的掺杂明显改善了 CeO₂ 的孔道结构, 其担载的 Pt 催化剂具有更高的金属分散度, 因而活性更高. 两种催化剂在含硫合成气中的催化活性较无硫合成气中的均有所降低, 且 H₂S 浓度越大, 催化剂活性下降越多, 但这种因吸附硫而引起的失活是可逆的, 即催化剂重新暴露在无 H₂S 重整气的还原性气氛下活性能基本恢复.     

Synthesis and neel temperature determination of ferrites from the CuO−ZnO−Fe2O3 system

Conditions were established and individual and mixed ferrites with the general formula Cu_xZn_1?xFe₂O₄ (x=0; 0.1; 0.2; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6; 0.7; 0.8; 1.0) were synthesized from the CuO?ZnO?Fe₂O₃ system. X-ray phase analysis, Mössbauer spectroscopy and microscopic examinations revealed that the obtained ferrites are monophase samples. A magnetic device was attached to the Q-Derivatograph (MOM, Hungary) and successfully used for sample investigation in a magnetic field, and in particular for Curie (Neel) temperature determination. The ferrite composition and the thermal treatment conditions were shown to correlate with the Neel temperature of the synthesized ferrites.     

中温固体氧化物燃料电池La1.6Sr0.4Ni1-xCuxO4阴极材料的制备及电化学性能

采用甘氨酸-硝酸盐法合成了中温固体氧化物燃料电池阴极材料La_1.6Sr_0.4Ni_1-xCu_xO₄ (x=0.2, 0.4, 0.6,0.8), 利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对其结构和微观形貌进行了表征. 结果表明, 该阴极材料与固体电解质Ce_0.9Gd_0.1O_1.95(CGO)在1000 °C烧结时不发生化学反应, 且烧结4 h 后, 二者之间可形成良好的接触界面. 利用电化学交流阻抗谱技术对阴极材料的电化学性能进行研究, 结果显示, 当Cu离子掺杂量(x)为0.6 时, La_1.6Sr_0.4Ni_0.4Cu_0.6O₄阴极具有最小的极化电阻, 在空气中当测试温度为750 °C时, 极化电阻为0.35 Ω·cm². 在不同氧分压条件下电化学阻抗谱分析结果表明, 电极上的两个氧还原反应主要包含氧离子从三相界面向电解质CGO 转移的过程和电荷的迁移过程, 其中电荷的迁移过程为电极反应的速率控制步骤.La_1.6Sr_0.4Ni_0.4Cu_0.6O₄电极在空气中700 °C和阴极电流密度为45 mA·cm^-2时, 阴极过电位为45 mV. 本研究的初步结果表明La_1.6Sr_0.4Ni_1-xCu_xO₄材料是一种电化学性能较为优良的新型中温固体氧化物燃料电池(IT-SOFC)阴极材料.     

Ce0.5Zr0.5O2修饰的Ni/SiC、Fe/SiC和Co/SiC催化燃烧甲烷性能

以铈锆固溶体（Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂）修饰的高比表面积SiC为载体,采用两步浸渍法制备了Ni、Fe和Co基催化剂,研究了其在煤层气催化燃烧脱氧中的催化活性和稳定性. 利用X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、电感耦合等离子体质谱（ICP-MS）、高分辨透射电子显微镜（HRTEM）、比表面积（BET）、热重分析（TGA）和H₂程序升温还原（H₂-TPR）对催化剂进行了表征. 分析结果表明,Ni、Fe和Co部分进入Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固溶体晶格内部,导致催化剂体相形成更多的缺陷;同时Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固溶体有助于加速金属氧化物和金属之间氧化还原过程的进行,促进了氧吸附、传输和对甲烷的活化. 另外,SiC和Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂固熔体良好的抗积碳性能,有效避免了催化剂在富甲烷反应气氛中因积碳而失活,从而使三种催化剂均具有优良的催化燃烧脱氧活性和稳定性. 其中,Co/Ce_0.5Zr_0.5O₂/SiC活性最高,可在320 ℃活化催化甲烷,并在410 ℃实现完全脱氧.