氧化镧催化剂上甲烷氧化偶联—不同制备方法的比较

本文研究了５种不同制法的Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３对甲烷氧化偶联的催化性能，其Ｃ＿２选择性和Ｃ＿２收率的相对顺序为：Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３（１）＞Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３（２）＞Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３（４）＞Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３（５）＞Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３（３）。并运用ＸＲＵ、ＸＰＳ、ＣＯ＿２－ＴＰＤ、ＮＨ＿３－ＴＰＤ和ＩＰＡ转化反应等技术分别对催化剂的体相结构和表面性质，表面酸碱性进行了测定。结果表明，由于制备方法的不同，导致了Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３晶体表面结构的差异，这是影响催化性能的主要原因。同时还发现，催化剂的活性和Ｃ＿２选择性与表面酸碱性存在着相依性，Ｌａ＿２Ｏ＿３表面的总碱位数与总酸位数的比值，与其催化性能有较好的直接对应关系。     

HZSM一5与ZnO／SiO_2的固相反应

以乙烯、乙烷为探针反应分子，以混合不同锌含量的ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ＿２，与ＨＺＳＭ－５为催化剂，在不同处理条件与不同混合方式（直接混合或机械研磨）下研究高温焙烧的俗化剂对乙烯、乙烷芳构化反应的影响。考察了不同含量的Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５上Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿４、Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿６的芳构化反应及ＮａＨＺＳＭ－５与ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ＿２和ＮａＺｎＨＺＳＭ－５与ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ＿２混合催化剂高温焙烧后的Ｃ＿２Ｈ＿４芳构化反应。发现Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５是一种双功能催化剂，乙烯、乙烷芳构化反应的活性和选择性均与Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５的双中心Ｚｎ￣（２＋）和Ｂ酸的相互匹配有密切关系，Ｂ酸和Ｚｎ￣（２＋）存在最合适匹配。而ＮＺＳＭ－５与ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ＿２合催化剂高温焙烧后具有Ｚｎ／ＨＺＳＭ－５的双功能性，ＨＺＳＭ－５与ＺｎＯ／ＳｉＯ＿２在高温下发生了固相反应。     

SO_4~(2-)/ZrO_2超强酸催化剂的表面酸性质

本文用红外光谱和程序升温氨脱附对ＳＯ～（２－）＿４／ＺｒＯ＿２超强酸催化剂的 表面酸性特征进行了研究，并结合Ｘ－光电子能谱分析结果和催化剂 上甲醇转化反应的结果得到了如下一些重要信息；１、在焙烧温度不太 高时催化剂表面除存在Ｌｅｗｉｓ酸外还有Ｂｒｏｎｓｔｅｄ酸后者的强酸性是 通过结构（Ⅱ）式所体现出来的．且Ｂ酸随焙烧温度的升高而增多；２、 Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４的浓度和焙烧温度都是影响酸强度分布的重要因素．当Ｈ＿２ＳＯ＿４ 浓度为１ｍｏｌ／Ｌ或焙烧温度低于７７３Ｋ时，催化剂表面强酸中心最多； ３、甲醇转化为二甲醚在较弱的酸中心上就可进行，而生成烃的反应不 仅要求强酸中心而且是在Ｂ酸中心上进行的。     

二苯并18冠6及二苯并24冠8与六聚钼钨杂多酸超分子配合物的合成与晶体结构

报道了两种超分子配合物［Ｎａ（ＤＢ１８Ｃ６）（ＣＨ＿３ＯＨ）］＿２Ｗ＿４Ｍｏ＿２Ｏ＿（１９）·（ＤＢ１８Ｃ６）·（ＣＨ＿３ＯＨ）（Ⅰ）和［Ｎａ（ＤＢ２４Ｃ８）］＿２Ｗ＿１Ｍｏ＿５Ｏ＿（１９）（Ⅱ）的合成方式，用元素分析、电子能谱、ＩＲ和１ＨＮＭＲ等手段进行了表征，并用Ｘ射线测定了晶体结构。结构分析表明：配合物（Ⅰ）属单斜晶系，空间群为Ｐ２１／ｃ，晶胞参数：α＝１．８６９９（５）ｎｍ，ｂ＝１．９５４３（５）ｎｍ，ｃ＝２．２８０８（６）ｎｍ，β＝１１２．８７°，Ｚ＝４．冠醚与多酸根之间通过Ｎａ＋在ＤＢ１８Ｃ６空腔中的镶嵌和Ｏ—Ｎａ—Ｏ键的桥联结合在一起。超分子配合物（Ⅱ）则为Ｎａ＋与ＤＢ２４Ｃ８作用形成配位阳离子，然后与多酸阴离子静电吸引相结合。不同空腔孔径的冠醚与钼钨杂多酸配位时呈现出分子识别与选择性。     

盐酸处理γ－Al_2O_3的表面性质及其对负载的Pt的表面性质和反应性能的影响

本文研究了用盐酸处理γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３对Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的表面性质以及Ｐｔ／Ａｌ＿Ｏ＿３的表面性质和反应性能的影响。结果表明盐酸处理的γ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３酸中心（强酸和弱酸中心）数目增加，Ｐｔ在Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３表面的表现分散度或Ｐｔ的低温活性中心数增加，与此同时，Ｐｔ的高温活性中心数也增多，从而使Ｐｔ／Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的氢解、异构化和脱氢环化活性都增加。     

α－Fe_2O_3／SnO_2气敏薄膜的结构与性质

α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３／ＳｎＯ＿２气敏薄膜的结构与性质娄向东，杨秀清，李靖华，沈荷生，沈瑜生（河南师范大学化学系新乡４５３００２）（中国科学技术大学材料科学与工程系合肥）关键词α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３，ＳｎＯ＿２，双层膜，气敏性能α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３具有刚玉结构...     

CO／H_2合成甲醇CuO－ZnO－ZrO_2催化剂的研究

通过活性测定，ＸＲＤ、ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ表征，考察了共沉淀法制备的铜锌锆合成甲醇催化剂中ＺｒＯ＿２对物相结构、催化活性及热稳定性的影响。结果表明，ＺｒＯ＿２能显著提高ＣＯ／Ｈ＿２合成甲醇的催化活性和热稳定性。催化剂母体、氧化态和还原态的物相并未发生变化，仍分别为：Ｃｕ＿２（ＯＨ）＿３ＮＯ＿３，（Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ）＿５（ＣＯ＿３）＿２（ＯＨ）＿６，（Ｃｕ，Ｚｎ）＿２ＣＯ＿３（ＯＨ）＿２，Ｚｎ＿５（ＣＯ＿３）＿２（ＯＨ）＿６；ＣｕＯ、２ｎＯ；Ｃｕ，ＺｎＯ。ＺｒＯ＿２使催化剂各组分的结晶度变得更差，晶粒更细。实验证明催化剂中ＺｒＯ＿２主要以无定形状态存在，也不排除与其它组分形成固溶体。本文还探讨了ＺｒＯ＿２提高催化活性和热稳定性的原因。认为ＺｒＯ＿２既起了载体的高分散作用，间隔活性组分作用，又起了增加和稳定活性中心的促进剂作用。     

α－Fe_2O_3微晶表面层厚度的Mossbauer谱表征

α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３微晶表面层厚度的Ｍｏｓｓｂａｕｅｒ谱表征苏兴才，王寅生（中国科学技术大学近代化学系，合肥２３００２６）姜继森（华东师范大学化学系，上海２０００６２）关键词：表面层厚度，α－Ｆｅ＿２Ｏ＿３微晶，谱物质表面分子所处环境不同于内部分子，表...     

关于H2O的离解平衡常数Ka值的探讨

关于Ｈ＿２Ｏ的离解平衡常数Ｋ＿ａ值的探讨胡乃非，林树昌（北京师范大学化学系，１０００８７５）水是最重要的溶剂。在讨论水溶液中的酸碱平衡时，必然要讨论溶剂Ｈ＿２Ｏ的酸碱性质。根据Ｂｒｏｎｓｔｅｄ－Ｌｏｗｒｙ的酸碱质子理论，Ｈ＿２Ｏ既可以是酸也可以是碱。...     

导电高分子膜包覆YBa2Cu3O7超导体抗环境作用的研究

通过电化学途径和化学途径在ＹＢａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿７超导体表面制备了导电高分子聚吡咯膜，用以保护超导体不受环境作用的影响，实验结果发现电化学过程能破坏ＹＢａ＿２Ｃｕ＿Ｏ＿７的超导性，而采用化学法制备的聚吡咯和聚氯乙烯混和材料包覆在ＹＢａ＿２Ｃｕ＿３Ｏ＿７表面后，超导体不仅保持原有超导性，而且有很好的保护超导体免遭环境中酸和水作用的能力。     

有机酸在γ-Al~2O~3表面自发单层分散及苯甲 酸-γ-Al~2O~3表面结构的研究

有机酸如苯甲酸,水杨酸,邻-或对-苯二甲酸,酒石酸均可在γ-Al~2O~3表面自发单层分散,分散的临界温度取决于有机酸分子中极性基团的数目和极性的强弱。XRD,Raman,FT-IR,UV-vis和TG对苯甲酸-γ-Al~2O~3体系的表征结果表明,苯甲酸在室温下即可在γ-Al~2O~3表面自发单层分散;分散后,苯甲酸分子间的氢键缔合结构垮塌;苯甲酸的羧基与γ-Al~2O~3表面羟基发生相互作用并缩水形成类似羧酸盐的结构;分子中的苯环与载体表面没有直接的相互作用。XRD相定量测得的分散阈值为1.1mmol苯甲酸/100m^2γ-Al~2O~3,与按苯环垂直表面计算所得的最大分散容量1.2mmol/100m^2相近。     

用分子对接方法预测HIV-1整合酶与金精三羧酸抑制剂的相互作用

用分子对接方法(Docking)研究了HIV-1整合酶与其抑制剂金精三羧酸的结合过程.为弄清金属离子在结合中所起的作用,选择含有一个Mg+2或不含Mg+2的两种不同的整合酶受体分别与金精三羧酸对接.结果表明, Mg+2对稳定配体与受体的结合起了重要作用. 金精三羧酸配体与含有一个金属Mg+2的整合酶受体对接,最优结合自由能为-45.19 kJ/mol. 当Mg+2失去后,整合酶的活性中心构象将发生变化,使金精三羧酸抑制剂与整合酶的结合自由能(-24.35 kJ/mol)明显增加. 预测了未知的HIV-1整合酶与其抑制剂金精三羧酸的复合物结构, 并可对基于结构的抗HIV-1整合酶的药物设计提供重要信息.     

The relationship between acidic activation and microstructural changes in montmorillonite from Heping, China

The montmorillonite sample from Heping, China had been studied by chemical analysis, XRD, IR, AFM and MAS NMR. The results showed that acid concentration had much influence on surface structure of montmorillonite. When the acid concentration reached 2M, the Q3Si structure in silica-oxygen tetrahedron recombined, some Q3Si structure in montmorillonite transformed to distortion Q3Si structure and Q4Si structure. However, the structure of Al had no changes, according with the observation results of atomic force microscope. The Br?nsted acid site of montmorillonite increases with the accretion of the concentration of acid activation, while oversize concentration of acid activation will decrease the surface site of montmorillonite.     

Can cluster structure affect kinetic method measurements? The curious case of glutamic acid’s gas-phase acidity

The gas-phase acidities of aspartic, glutamic, and 2-aminoadipic acid have been determined by the kinetic method in a triple-quadrupole instrument. Although aspartic acid behaves in the conventional way and gives a DeltaH(acid) value of 1340 kJ mol(-1), glutamic and 2-aminoadipic acids give kinetic method plots with two distinct slopes. This leads to DeltaH(acid) values of 1350 and 1366 kJ mol(-1) for glutamic acid, and 1355 and 1369 kJ mol(-1) for 2-aminoadipic acid. The value for aspartic acid and the low collision energy value for glutamic acid are consistent with recent measurements by Poutsma and co-workers in a quadrupole ion trap. The experiments are supported by calculations at the G3(MP2) and OLYP/aug-cc-pVTZ levels. Computational studies of model clusters of the amino acids with trifluoroacetate suggest there are distinct preferences. Glutamic and 2-aminoadipic acid prefer clusters where the amino acid adopts a zwitterion-like structure whereas aspartic acid prefers to adopt a conventional (canonic) structure in its clusters. This result along with the computed stabilities of zwitterion-like conformations of the deprotonated amino acids leads to the following explanation for the presence of two slopes in the kinetic method plots. At low collision energies, the deprotonated amino acid dissociates from the cluster, with rearrangement if necessary, to give its preferred conformation, but at high collision energies, the deprotonated amino acid directly dissociates in the conformation preferred in the cluster. For glutamic and 2-aminoadipic acids, this is a zwitterion-like structure that is about 20 kJ mol(-1) less stable than the global minimum.     

Layered structures formed by dinitrobenzoic acids

3,5-dinitrobenzoic acid, 1 and 3,5-dinitro-4-methylbenzoic acid, 2, form cocrystals with 4,4′-bipyridyl but only the latter forms a layered structure, which can incorporate anthracene molecules. Furthermore, 2 forms a pillared type structure with thionicotinamide.     

先锋褐煤及其热溶残煤的过氧化氢氧解

利用1-甲基萘（1-MN）对先锋褐煤进行热溶,并在温和条件下分别对原煤及其热溶残煤进行过氧化氢氧化。结合元素分析和FT-IR对各级产物进行结构表征,用GC/MS对氧化反应水溶性产物的甲酯化衍生物进行分析。结果表明,先锋褐煤在1-MN中的热溶率较低,320 ℃下热溶残煤（TR）的收率为81.01%,该煤主要以共价键交联的大分子结构为主,非共价键缔合的小分子含量较低,并以脂肪结构为主,含一定量的羰基以及少量的羟基和芳香结构。原煤和热溶残煤氧化水溶性产物中α,ω-二羧基烷酸含量较高,同时还发现,相当含量的芳香酸及三元羧酸存在,其中,α,ω-二羧基烷酸主要以丙二酸和丁二酸为主;原煤中可溶小分子易被氧化并生成较复杂的产物。与原煤相比,热溶残煤结构更为规整,氧化主要以共价键交联的大分子结构的氧化解聚为主,氧解率较低,水溶性氧解产物也较简单,种类较少,据此推测先锋褐煤的桥键主要以为-CH₂-和-CH₂-CH₂-为主。     

A novel biosurfactant, 2-acyloxyethylphosphonate, isolated from waterblooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae

A novel biosurfactant, 2-acyloxyethylphosphonate, was isolated from waterblooms of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. Its structure was elucidated by chemical degradation and HRFABMS, GC/EI-MS and 1D- and 2D-NMR spectral analyses. The surfactant contained one mole of 2-hydroxyethylphosphonate and one mole of fatty acid, with hexadecanoic acid accounting for 84.1% of the total fatty acid content. The structure was confirmed by synthesis of 2-oleoyloxyethylphosphonate from ethylene oxide, phosphorus acid and oleic acid chloride. Considering the isolated surfactant molecule as hexadecanoyloxyethylphosphonic acid (mw. 364), the critical micelle concentration (CMC) was about 22 mM.     

SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物固体酸催化剂的长叶烯芳构化催化性能

本工作用溶胶-凝胶法制备不同组成的SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物固体酸催化剂,用微型催化反应评价结合X-射线粉末衍射(XRD)、孔结构/BET表面积测试和NH3-程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等表征了SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2复合氧化物固体酸催化剂结构、表面酸性和长叶烯芳构化催化性能。复合氧化物固体酸SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂具有优良的长叶烯芳构化催化性能,并且其芳构化催化性能与催化剂组成和表面酸性密切相关。随催化剂中nZr/(nZr+nTi)增加,催化剂表面中等强度的酸中心量增加,芳构化产物选择性和收率明显增加,在nZr/(nZr+nTi)=0.5时达极大值。随nZr/(nZr+nTi)进一步增加,不仅催化剂表面酸中心量减少、原料转化率明显下降,而且催化剂酸强度增强,导致芳构化产物选择性和收率下降。催化长叶烯芳构化的二元复合氧化物固体酸SO42-/TiO2-ZrO2催化剂适宜的组成为nZr/(nZr+nTi)=0.5。     

邻氨基酚电聚合膜的研究

在酸性溶液中, 邻氨基酚(OAP)可电聚合成均匀的活性聚邻氮基酚膜(POAP), 膜有致密结构和“张开”结构。POAP膜的主要结构形式为: 与Ni~(2+)络合后, 形成POAP—Ni~(2+)膜, 其主要结构形式为:     

Phase Behavior and Polymorphism of Saturated and Unsaturated Phytosterol Esters

This study investigated how the physicochemical characteristics of phytosterol esters are influenced by the chain length and degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid ester moiety. Saturated and unsaturated phytosterol esters (PEs) were synthesized by the esterification of different types of fatty acids (stearic, palmitic, lauric, oleic, and linoleic acid) to β-sitosterol. The non-isothermal crystallization and melting behavior of the pure PEs were analyzed. It was proven by X-ray diffraction that saturated β-sitosteryl esters and β-sitosteryl oleate formed a bilayer crystal structure. The lamellar spacings of the bilayer structure decreased with decreasing fatty acid chain length and with an increasing degree in unsaturation. The degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid chain of the β-sitosteryl esters also influenced the type of subcell packing of the fatty acid moieties in the bilayer structure, whether or not a metastable or stable liquid crystalline phase was formed during cooling. Furthermore, it was found that the melting temperature and enthalpy of the β-sitosteryl esters increased with an increasing fatty acid chain length while they decreased with an increasing degree of unsaturation. The microscopic analyses demonstrated that β-sitosteryl oleate formed much smaller spherulites than their saturated β-sitosteryl analogues.