麦饭石中多元素的浸出行为研究

麦饭石中多元素的浸出行为研究杨晓进，朱德清（中国原子能科学研究院，北京１０２４１３）（中日友好医院，北京１Ｏ００１３）麦饭石是花岗岩类中的一种云母二长岩，其外形颇似大麦饭团，故名“麦饭石”，其药用价值早在李时珍的《本草纲目》中就有所记载￣(［１］）。?..     

麦饭石对香烟诱发蚕豆根尖细胞微核的抑制作用

研究了中华麦饭石浸液对香烟烟雾水溶物引起的蚕豆根尖细胞微核率的影响。结果表明，中华麦饭石浸液能显著降低由香烟烟雾水溶物引起的微核率，可能具有减轻由吸烟引起遗传损伤的作用。此外对上述结果的意义进行了讨论。     

麦饭石对水溶液中铜（Ⅱ）离子吸附的研究

麦饭石作为净水剂,能够去除水中的镉、汞和铜等重金属离子。但对于其吸附平衡的研究还未见报道。本文以静态法考查了泰山麦饭石对水溶液中铜(Ⅱ)离子吸附的平衡特性。     

麦饭石中微量元素的溶出及其动力学特征

通过改变颗粒尺寸、温度、时间、溶出次数及活化处理等条件 ,分析了麦饭石溶出液中微量元素的溶出情况 ;通过ICP AES检测了不同时间及温度条件下微量元素Sr的溶出量 ,并进行了元素溶出的动力学特征的研究。结果显示 ,麦饭石颗粒尺寸减小 ,溶出温度增加 ,溶出时间延长 ,溶出次数减少以及对麦饭石进行活化处理都将提高麦饭石微量元素的溶出能力 ;微量元素Sr的溶出过程受控于扩散传质过程 ,其活化能为 4 5 3 6kJ/mol,速率常数与温度的关系为kΣ=0 1 46×е- 4536 /RT,动力学模型的计算结果与实测值吻合较好。通过考察不同溶出条件下麦饭石中微量元素溶出情况以及溶出动力学特征 ,获得微量元素溶出的控制性环节 ,为提高微量元素溶出量提供条件。     

聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维的性能

应用冷场发射扫描电镜(FE-SEM)、声速法、蠕变测试、苯胺吸附和振荡烧瓶法对聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维的形貌、取向因子、蠕变性、吸附性和抗茵率进行了测试与表征.研究表明:聚丙烯纤维和麦饭石添加剂呈镶嵌结构,聚丙烯-麦饭石功能纤维表面存在一些微细褶皱,其杨氏模量和取向因子相对较低,蠕变现象明显;苯胺的吸附率在30%左右;抗菌率在90%以上,而且水洗50次后抗茵率基本不变,具有很好的吸附和抑菌作用.     

麦饭石在水溶液中对金属阳离子吸附作用实质的探讨

经相分析指出麦饭石的主要矿物组分有长石、α-石英、高岭石、黑云母、绿泥石、蒙脱石等。其含有的主要元素有Si、Al、Ca、K、Na、Mg等。麦饭石有很多用途,但引起人们越来越重视的是麦饭石可以吸附     

元素中药防治甲型H1N1流感香囊(袋)的研究和应用

综述了将银、硒、锗、锌、蜂产品、中药方剂、电气石、麦饭石等用纳米技术制成香囊(袋)的研究及其在防治甲型HINl流感中的应用。     

几种非金属矿物对硫化氢吸附性能的研究

某些非金属矿物具有吸附性[1 5]。本文测试了硅藻土、浮岩、沸石和麦饭石等非金属矿物的主要理化性能,研究了上述矿物在不同条件下对硫化氢的吸附性能,探讨了吸附剂粒度、用量、吸附时间和温度对吸附率的影响及吸附机理。在适当的条件下,各种材料对硫化氢的吸附率均能达到90%;吸附能力依次为硅藻土>麦饭石>沸石>浮岩。1　实验部分1 1　材料和试剂采集原矿标本硅藻土(抚松露水河)、浮岩(长白山天池)、麦饭石(长白山遥林)、斜发沸石(长春市净月潭),经粗选、粉碎、制备成不同粒径的吸附剂。X荧光光谱仪(PW140/10型,荷兰)和等离子直读光谱…     

元素中药防治甲型HIN1流感香囊（袋）的研究和应用

综述了将银、硒、锗、锌、蜂产品、中药方剂、电气石、麦饭石等用纳米技术制成香囊（袋）的研究及其在防治甲型H1N1流感中的应用。     

自麦饭石中溶出氨基酸的研究

麦饭石是一种天然矿物药石。其化学成分相当复杂,由三、四十种化学元素和许多化合物组成。它不仅能吸附水中的无机物、有机物和细菌,而且能溶解出许多矿物质,例如:硅、钙、钠、镁、钾等宏量元素和钛、钒、锗、镧、铈、硒等微量元素。本工作表明,在水中麦饭石还能溶出微量氨基酸。     

保健食品中违禁药物检验技术研究进展

保健食品是适用于特定人群、具有调节作用、不以治疗疾病为目的的食品。随着人们生活水平的提高和对健康的追求，保健食品市场日益增大。目前，制售假冒伪劣保健产品、虚假宣传保健食品功效和欺诈式销售产品是制约保健食品产业可持续发展的主要因素。尤其是保健食品中违禁药物的非法添加，使保健食品的食用安全存在较大隐患，严重降低消费者的信心。对保健食品违禁添加的药物进行有效监管，对保护消费者权益具有十分重要的意义。该综述以与保健功能声称相关的药物药理作用为溯源基础，系统梳理了保健食品中可能非法添加的违禁药物种类，重点介绍常见的8类保健食品违禁药物检测技术进展，包括液相色谱法、液相色谱-质谱法、直接实时分析质谱法、气相色谱-质谱法、核磁共振波谱法、红外光谱法、高分辨质谱法等，以期为保健食品违禁药物检测标准的研制和日常监测提供参考，同时对保健食品中违禁药物添加的趋势和检验技术发展进行了简单展望。     

Electrochemical study on the natural and chemical preservatives antibacterial effect against S. aureus PTCC 1112 and its determination at low levels

Journal of the Iranian Chemical Society - Pathogen microorganisms detection, such as Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), is so critical because it can be dangerous for public health. In this...     

基于"营养化学"通识课程综合互动性考评体系的建立与实施

以学生为中心,以学生能力培养为导向,设计"课堂辩论""社会调查""养生文化推广"三种考试形式,以实践形式从不同侧面考核学生综合运用所学知识的能力。学生自选考试形式,参与评分过程。对学生考试成绩的分析结果显示,各种考试形式及其评分标准合理、有效,能对学生综合素质给予全面系统的评估。     

量子点及其在食品安全快速检测中的应用进展

食品中有害物质快速检测技术的发展,对食品安全和国民健康的意义重大。量子点作为一种具有超凡光电特性的纳米粒子,近年来已被广泛应用于食品安全快速检测领域。本文对量子点可视化传感器的检测机理及其对食品中农兽药、重金属等有害物的检测和食品非法添加物的无目标检测进行了综述,并对其存在的问题和未来的发展进行了探讨。     

Green Tea and Its Relation to Human Gut Microbiome

Green tea can influence the gut microbiota by either stimulating the growth of specific species or by hindering the development of detrimental ones. At the same time, gut bacteria can metabolize green tea compounds and produce smaller bioactive molecules. Accordingly, green tea benefits could be due to beneficial bacteria or to microbial bioactive metabolites. Therefore, the gut microbiota is likely to act as middle man for, at least, some of the green tea benefits on health. Many health promoting effects of green tea seems to be related to the inter-relation between green tea and gut microbiota. Green tea has proven to be able to correct the microbial dysbiosis that appears during several conditions such as obesity or cancer. On the other hand, tea compounds influence the growth of bacterial species involved in inflammatory processes such as the release of LPS or the modulation of IL production; thus, influencing the development of different chronic diseases. There are many studies trying to link either green tea or green tea phenolic compounds to health benefits via gut microbiota. In this review, we tried to summarize the most recent research in the area.     

Determination of antiretroviral drugs for buyers’ club in Switzerland using capillary electrophoresis methods

Human immunodeficiency virus-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome continues to be a major global public health issue, having claimed almost 33 million lives to date. Due to the high cost of antiretroviral treatment, access to these drugs remains difficult for vulnerable populations, such as migrants and people living in prisons, who often do not have health insurance. These factors lead to poorer health outcomes and higher transmission rates. The personal importation scheme for unapproved generics from foreign countries is one option to access affordable human immunodeficiency virus treatment. However, the risk of importing falsified medicine remains high, and the quality control of unapproved drugs is lacking. In this context, three CE methods for the analysis of nine antiviral drugs found in commercial pharmaceutical formulations were evaluated. The selected compounds were emtricitabine, tenofovir disoproxil, tenofovir alafenamide, rilpivirine, efavirenz, raltegravir, dolutegravir, abacavir, and lamivudine. The developed methods were successfully applied to determine the active pharmaceutical ingredients of commercial formulations and unapproved generics. The quality control of unapproved generics by CE is an attractive approach due to its good standard of quality, low cost, ecofriendliness, and ease of implementation.     

Numerical Investigation of the Optimum Placement Locations of Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for the Health Monitoring of Bonded Composite Repairs

the use of optical Fiber Bragg Grating sensors (FBG) embedded into composite laminates has proven to be an efficient way for the monitoring of the strain field inside composite laminates. The current work focuses on the use of such sensors for structural health monitoring of bonded composite repairs, often used in the aerospace as well as in the maritime industry. In such applications, the embedding location of the FBG sensors is of great importance, since apart from general strain measurements of the composite, they provide the ability of detecting whether a crack has propagated in the metal or a debonding has occurred between the metal and the composite. Within the current work, a representative case of bonded composite repair of a cracked metallic structure is examined and a series of 3D elasticity linear static finite element models are developed. Various crack lengths and patch disbond sizes have been studied while varying strain distributions were recorded along numerous paths inside the structure. Having recorded and analyzed these strain distributions, certain guidelines have been derived concerning the optimum FBG placement inside the patch, in order to ensure efficient structural health monitoring.     

Characterization of nutraceuticals and functional foods by innovative HPLC methods

In recent years there is a growing interest in food and food ingredient which may provide health benefits. Food as well as food ingredients containing health-preserving components, are not considered conventional food, but can be defined as functional food. To characterise such foods, as well as nutraceuticals specific, high sensitive and reproducible analytical methodologies are needed. In light of this importance we set out to develop innovative HPLC methods employing reversed phase narrow bore column and high-performance anion-exchange chromatographic methods coupled with pulsed amperometric detection (HPAEC-PAD), which are specific for carbohydrate analysis. The developed methods were applied for the separation and quantification of citrus flavonoids and to characterize fructooligosaccharide (FOS) and fructans added to functional foods and nutraceuticals.     

Anthocyanins and their variation in red wines I. Monomeric anthocyanins and their color expression

Originating in the grapes, monomeric anthocyanins in young red wines contribute the majority of color and the supposed beneficial health effects related to their consumption, and as such they are recognized as one of the most important groups of phenolic metabolites in red wines. In recent years, our increasing knowledge of the chemical complexity of the monomeric anthocyanins, their stability, together with the phenomena such as self-association and copigmentation that can stabilize and enhance their color has helped to explain their color representation in red wine making and aging. A series of new enological practices were developed to improve the anthocyanin extraction, as well as their color expression and maintenance. This paper summarizes the most recent advances in the studies of the monomeric anthocyanins in red wines, emphasizing their origin, occurrence, color enhancing effects, their degradation and the effect of various enological practices on them.     

Chemical profiling and separation of bioactive secondary metabolites in Maca (Lepidium peruvianum) by normal and reverse phase thin layer chromatography coupled to desorption electrospray ionization‐mass spectrometry

Maca is a Peruvian tuberous root of the Brassicaceae family grown in the central Andes between altitudes of 4000 and 4500 m. The medicinal plant is a nutraceutical with important biological activities and health effects. In this study, we report a rapid high‐performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)‐(?)desorption electrospray ionization (DESI)‐mass spectrometry (MS) method to profile and separate intact glucosinolates without prior biochemical modifications from the hydromethanolic extracts of two phenotypes, red and black Maca (Lepidium peruvianum) seeds. In the first stage of the plant's life cycle, aromatic glucosinolates were the main chemical constituents whereby six aromatic, three indole, and one aliphatic glucosinolate were tentatively identified. At the seedling stage, glucolepigramin/Glucosinalbin was the most predominant precursor, rather than Glucotropaeolin, which is mainly found in hypocotyls and roots. These findings lead us to suggest that glucolepigramin/glucosinalbin play a major role as active precursors in the biosynthetic pathways of other secondary metabolites in the early stages of plant development. Between red and black Maca seeds, only minor differences in the relative abundances of glucosinolates were observed rather than different plant metabolites. For the first time, we report six potential plant antibiotics, phytoanticipins: glycosylated ascorbigens and dihydroascorbigens from Maca seeds. We also investigated a targeted reverse phase C₁₈ functionalized TLC‐DESI‐MS method with high sensitivity and specificity for Brassicaceae fatty acids in Maca seeds and health supplements such as black Maca root lyophilized powder and tinctures. The investigation of secondary metabolites by normal and reverse phase TLC‐DESI‐MS methods, described in this study, can aid in their identification as they begin to emerge in later stages of development in plant tissues such as leaves, hypocotyls, and roots.