微波消解-微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的研究

四乙基铅作为一种良好的抗爆添加剂,曾广泛用于汽油生产中,但由于四乙基铅有很强的毒性,目前国际上已停止生产和使用车用含铅汽油,因此在生产车用无铅汽油时严格控制和准确测定铅的含量十分必要.迄今,测定汽油中铅含量的常用方法是铬酸盐容量法^[1]、一氯化碘法^[2]、X射线光谱法^[3]、分光光度法^[4,5]、原子吸收光谱法^[6]和等离子体光谱法^[7].这些方法或操作烦琐,测定时间较长^[4],或灵敏度低^[1～3],或测定误差较大,且在测试中需使用毒性较大的四乙基铅^[5],或所需的氯化甲基三辛基铵不易购买^[6],或处理过程繁琐,且仪器设备昂贵^[7].因此,建立一种简便、快速、灵敏、准确和无毒副作用的测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的方法已显得十分迫切.近年来发展的微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法^[8]已有商品化仪器问世^[9].本文利用微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱仪研究了无铅汽油中痕量铅的测定方法,并提出用微波消解法预处理无铅汽油样品,将微波消解技术与微波等离子体炬原子发射光谱法相结合,建立了简便、快速、灵敏、准确和无污染的测定无铅汽油中痕量铅的新方法.     

四(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉荧光熄灭法测定痕量镉(Ⅱ)

利用TPPS₄催化动力学荧光测定痕量镉(Ⅱ)已有报道^[1],而利用四(4-三甲铵苯基)卟啉(TAPP)的荧光熄灭测定痕量镉(Ⅱ)的工作尚未见报道.本文研究了室温下Cd(Ⅱ)-TAPP反应体系的荧光光谱特性,发现Cd(Ⅱ)-TAPP的形成使TAPP的荧光发生静态熄灭.利用咪唑(Imid)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和乙醇增敏、增稳,最低可检测3×10^-4ppmCd(Ⅱ),灵敏度高于其它方法^[2].测定了胶印锌片和人发中的镉,结果与标准值或方法对照值吻合.     

标准加入法-高分辨电感耦合等离子体磁质谱法测定钢中痕量镧

<正>稀土能与钢中气体元素反应，起到变质夹杂物、提高钢疲劳性能的作用^[1]。近年来，有部分研究发现，痕量镧在钢中的微合金化作用能增加产品的抗拉强度^[2-3]。因此，痕量镧的准确测定显得尤为重要。由于镧系元素性质接近，彼此谱线干扰复杂，采用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定镧时测定下限约为1 μg·g^-1[4],不能满足钢中痕量镧的分析需求。     

藏红T萃取分光光度法测定岩石矿物中的微量汞

藏红T[SafraninT(C. I. BasicRed 2)]属于醌亚胺类对氮蒽碱性染料,虽已用于萃取光度法和萃取萤光光度法,但尚未见用于汞的测定.作者在研究和应用碘绿^[1]、乙基紫^[2]、酚藏花红^[3]和碱性品红^[4]等碱性染料作为汞的新显色剂基础上,应用藏红T作显色剂,建立了萃取分光光度法测定微量汞的新方法,并将此法用于岩矿中微量汞的测定.     

非水溶性meso-四-(4-乙酰氧基苯)卟啉的合成及其与铅显色反应的研究

目前在用水溶性卟啉衍生物作显色剂方面已有文献总结^[1]。但对非水溶性卟啉则研究得较少。就测定痕量铅而言,皆用水溶性卟啉衍生物,而用非水溶性卟啉测定铅,则尚未见报导^[2-6]。     

meso-四-(3-N-甲基吡啶)卟啉与钴反应的分光光度研究

水溶性卟啉衍生物作为光度试剂在分析化学中已得到广泛的应用。在测定某些过渡金属元素时具有极高的灵敏度(ε值为2-5×10⁵)^[1]。meso-四-(3-N-甲基吡啶)卟啉[T(3-MPy)P]与铜^[2]、锌^[3]、铅^[4]的反应都已进行研究。本文对T(3-MPy)P与钴的反应进行了初步的研究。T(3-MPy)P的结构如右图。     

用乙基紫作铼的分光光度测定

用甲基紫^[1-5]及其他碱性染料^[6-8]作试剂萃取及光度测定铼已有记录.此类方法选择性较硫氰酸盐法为高.Оболончик曾指出,如增加染料分子量能提高测定灵敏度.与甲基紫比较,乙基紫(C.I.42600)分子量较高,可能利于萃取.实验证实,用此试剂光度测定铼可获较高灵敏度^[1].本文报告用苯萃取高铼酸乙基紫的各种条件,提出有钼等其他元素共存时分光光度测定痕量铼的方法.     

气相色谱法测定痕量氟方法的研究

气相色谱法测定有机硅化合物中的痕量氟是60年代末发展起来的,1967年Bock和Semmer^[1]用三乙基氯硅烷等有机硅化合物萃取,用半饱和NaHCO₃反萃测定氟,并建议可用GC法直接测定三乙基氟硅烷,1968年Fressen等^[2]用气相色谱法测定氟,近20年来,气相色谱法测定氟在环境监测、卫生防疫等方面得到应用^[3,4]。     

固相氯化法氯化聚乙烯晶粒尺寸的X射线衍射研究

晶粒尺寸的测定常用付里叶变换法^[1]和积分宽度法^[2],这两种方法都要求样品相应于某个晶面至少存在三个级别的衍射峰,而对聚合物来说,观察到高级衍射峰的情况是很少见的.方差函数法不要求样品存在三个级别的衍射峰,而且方法简单,曾广泛用于金属材料晶粒尺寸和点阵畸变的测定^[3-5],但在聚合物材料中的应用甚少^[6].本文采用方差函数法对固相氯化法氯化聚乙烯(CPE)和原料聚乙烯(PE)的晶粒尺寸和点阵畸变参数进行了研究,得到了较为满意的结果.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定铋渣中银的含量

<正>铋渣是有色金属冶炼工业生产中的一种中间产品，是回收铋的重要原料^[1-2],其含有多种贵金属以及其他一些有价金属^[3-5]。采用合适的方法快速、准确地测定铋渣中银的含量，对企业工业生产过程具有较为重要的指导意义。目前测定银含量的主要方法有火试金富集重量法^[6-9]、电位滴定法^[10-11]、火焰原子吸收光谱法^[12-17]、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)^[18-20]以及电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)^[21-22]等。火试金富集重量法存在灰吹时银损失的问题，对灰吹温度的控制要求较高，且基体铋对测定结果有较大干扰^[23];电位滴定法在滴定溶液标定、滴定终点判定等步骤要求精准；ICP-AES则存在样品光谱干扰较多，对于进样基体浓度水平、酸度的要求苛刻等问题；ICP-MS更多应用于高纯材料痕量杂质元素分析领域。利用火焰原子吸收光谱法具有较好的分析精度、检出限低，以及仪器长期稳定...     

Catalytic flow-injection determination of sub-ppb copper(II) using the redox reaction of cysteine with iron(III) in the presence of 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine.

A kinetic-catalytic spectrophotometric flow-injection method was developed for the rapid and sensitive determination of trace amounts of copper(II). The method is based on the catalytic effect of copper(II) on the redox reaction of cysteine with iron(III). Iron(II) produced by the catalytic reaction reacts with 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPTZ) to form the iron(II)-TPTZ complex (lambda(max) = 593 nm). By measuring an absorbance of the complex, one could determine 0.05-8 ppb copper(II) with the relative standard deviations (n = 10) of 1.6%, 1.3%, and 0.8% for 0.5 ppb, 1 ppb, and 2 ppb copper(II), respectively. The limit of detection (S/N = 3) was 0.005 ppb. The sample throughput was 30 h(-1). The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of copper in natural water and serum samples.     

痕量汞、氰化物及硫化物的冷原子荧光测定

本文介绍用冷原子荧光法测定汞、间接测定氰化物及硫化物的条件,干扰情况及干扰的消除。样品取自太湖底泥,结果表明,汞的标准偏差为0.0033,变异系数为9.4%,平均回收率为102%,可检出0.2ppb的汞量;氰化物的标准偏差为0.40,变异系数为8.3%,平均回收率为87%,可检出0.25ppb的CN~-;硫化物的标准偏差为3.0,变异系数为6.5%,可检出2ppb的S~-。     

Successive determination of copper and iron by a flow injection-catalytic photometric method using a serial flow cell.

A flow injection-catalytic spectrophotometric method using a serial flow cell was proposed for the successive determination of trace amounts of copper and iron. This method is based on the oxidation coupling of p-anisidine with N,N-dimethylaniline in the presence of hydrogen peroxide to form a dye, which has an absorption maximum at 740 nm. In this indicator reaction, ligands such as 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and diphosphate were achieved to improve the sensitivity and selectivity. Under the optimal experimental conditions, the determinable ranges were 0.05-5 ppb for copper and 0.5 - 100 ppb for iron, respectively. The RSDs (n = 10) were 0.78% for 0.5 ppb copper(II) and 0.5% for 200 ppb iron(III). The sample throughput was 30 h(-1). The present flow-injection method was applied to the determination of copper and iron in standard river water, tap water, and other natural water samples, and also to the analysis of labile and inert complexes in synthesized samples containing humic acid with copper(II) or iron(III).     

三聚氰胺-Cu~(2+)-ANS三元络合物荧光光谱法检测超痕量三聚氰胺

利用荧光光谱法研究了三聚氰胺(MEL)和Cu2+与8-苯胺-1-萘磺酸(ANS)的相互作用.研究表明,MEL和Cu2+均对ANS有荧光猝灭作用,且猝灭机理均为静态猝灭.计算了表观结合常数和结合位点数.Cu2+的引入使得MEL猝灭ANS荧光的效果急剧增强,体系的相对荧光峰强与MEL浓度(1×10-10～1×10-5 mol/L)的对数值呈良好的线性关系,三聚氰胺的检出限为3.8×10-11 mol/L.紫外、荧光、三维荧光光谱的结果表明,MEL及Cu2+对ANS的荧光猝灭为协同作用,三者形成了三元络合物.本研究建立了荧光光谱检测超痕量三聚氰胺的新方法,为奶粉、乳制品中三聚氰胺的检测提供了新思路.     

Determination of ppb concentrations of transition metals by radioisotope-excited energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry

Using ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate as precipitant and iron as a carrier, ppb concentrations of the following elements were coprecipitated from fresh water: vanadium, chromium, manganese, nickel, copper, zinc, selenium, mercury, and lead. Precipitates were collected on membrane filters then element concentrations were determined using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Calibration curves indicate sensitivities ranging from 0.4 ppb for V, Zn, As and Hg to 1.2 ppb for Pb. It is likely that this method of preconcentration can be directly incorporated into field sampling procedures, thus eliminating the problems of sample contamination or trace element losses by absorption on container walls.     

Tailor‐made ion‐imprinted polymer based on functionalized graphene oxide for the preconcentration and determination of trace copper in food samples

A tailor‐made Cu(II) ion‐imprinted polymer based on large‐surface‐area graphene oxide sheets has been synthesized for the preconcentration and determination of trace copper from food samples by solid‐phase extraction. Attributed to the ultrahigh surface area and hydrophilicity of graphene oxide, the Cu(II) ion‐imprinted polymer prepared by the surface ion‐imprinting technique exhibited a high binding capacity and a fast adsorption rate under the optimized experimental conditions. In the static adsorption experiments, the maximum adsorption capacity of Cu(II) ion‐imprinted polymer is 109.38 mg/g at 25°C, which is much higher than that of the nonimprinted polymer (32.12 mg/g). Meanwhile, the adsorption is very rapid and equilibrium is reached after approximately 30 min. The adsorption mechanism is found to follow Langmuir adsorption model and the pseudo‐second‐order adsorption process. The Cu(II) ion‐imprinted polymer was used for extracting and detecting Cu(II) in food samples combined with graphite flame atomic adsorption spectrometry with high recoveries in the range of 97.6–103.3%. The relative standard deviation and limit of detection of the method were evaluated as 1.2% and 0.37 μg/L, respectively. The results showed that the novel absorbent can be utilized as an effective material for the selective enrichment and determination of Cu(II) from food samples.     

Photothermal Deflection Spectroscopy for Ultra Trace Analysis of Cobalt and Copper Ions

Abstract

Photothermal deflection spectroscopy (PDS) is applied for the absolute determination at room temperature of ultra trace concentration of cobalt and copper ions in aqueous solution. The samples have been prepared by percolating 2 liters of solution prepared from Merck Titrisol Standards in 200 mg Merck-I cationic exchange resin. With the present experimental conditions the detection limit is 20 ppb and 200 ppb for copper and cobalt ions respectively within an overall accuracy of 5%. The response of the spectrometer has been calibrated using ICP technique.     

磷、砷、硅钼杂多酸-罗丹明6G荧光猝灭法连续测定磷、砷、硅的研究

本文报道了在非离子表面活性剂PVA存在下,磷、硅、砷钼杂多酸-罗丹明6G形成离子缔合物,使罗丹明6G荧光猝灭。研究了罗丹明6G-磷、砷、硅钼杂多酸体系荧光光谱,形成条件和配合物组成。试验了共存离子的干扰。应用此方法对铜合金中磷、砷、硅进行同时测定,结果满意。     

Uniformly sized molecularly imprinted polymer for d-chlorpheniramine. Evaluation of retention and molecular recognition properties in an aqueous mobile phase

Rapid separation and determination of mixtures of L-ascorbic acid, nitrite, sulfite, oxalate, iodide and thiosulfate by conventional ion chromatography is often difficult due to incomplete separation of L-ascorbic acid and nitrite from the water peak when using eluents giving short elution times for iodide and thiosulfate. Separation of the six species within about 15 min has been achieved by isocratic elution using a resin-based ion-exchange column with a carbonate eluent containing a trace amount of 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTA) and fluorescence measurement of cerium(III) formed via postcolumn reactions of the separated sample species with cerium(IV). Calibration plots of peak height versus concentration were linear up to 10.0 microM (1.76 ppm) for L-ascorbic acid, 8.0 microM (0.37 ppm) for nitrite, 8.0 microM (0.70 ppm) for oxalate, 80.0 microM (10.2 ppm) for iodide and 25.0 microM (2.80 ppm) for thiosulfate, whilst the sulfite calibration was linear up to 25.0 microM (2.00 ppm) when peak area was plotted against concentration. Detection limits (defined as S/N = 3) were 18 ppb for L-ascorbic acid, 4 ppb for nitrite, 16 ppb for sulfite, 7 ppb for oxalate, 72 ppb for iodide and 37 ppb for thiosulfate. The proposed method was applied successfully to the determination of L-ascorbic acid, nitrite, sulfite, oxalate, iodide or thiosulfate in water samples.     

Determination of Selenium with a Poly(1,8‐diamino‐naphthalene)‐Modified Electrode

The performance of a poly(1,8‐diaminonaphthalene)‐modified electrode for the determination of the Se(IV) ion in an aqueous medium was investigated with anodic stripping voltammetry without the pretreating of the sample. The experimental parameters for the analysis of Se(IV) were optimized and the characteristics of this polymer‐modified electrode were investigated by using cyclic voltammetry. The Se(IV) ions were chemically deposited onto the surface of the pDAN‐Au electrode in an acidic medium. The detection limit employing the anodic stripping differential pulse voltammetry was 9.0×10^?9 M for Se(IV) with 4.4 % of RSD. Satisfactory result for the determination of Se(IV) was acquired employing a certified standard urine reference material, SRM's 2670 (trace element in urine) with 4.1 ppb of SD.