我国理论化学2006年研究进展

从理论方法的建立及其应用两个方面综述了2006年中国大陆理论化学研究工作的进展.     

嵌段共聚物自组装的研究进展

嵌段共聚物自组装在光学、电子、信息、化学及生物领域有着广泛的应用前景.本文从实验观测、理论研究和计算机模拟三个方面概述了嵌段共聚物自组装领域的研究进展.在实验观测方面,着重介绍了嵌段共聚物在体相及膜中的自组装及外场调控作用方面的研究进展;理论方面则分别介绍了强分相理论、弱分相理论、自洽场理论、动态密度泛函方法和元胞动力学等在嵌段共聚物自组装领域的应用;计算机模拟方面就 Monte Carlo 模拟、耗散粒子动力学等方法在该领域的应用作了详细的阐述.     

热烈庆祝中国化学会成立80周年

2012年将迎接中国化学会创建80周年。80年来中国化学取得了巨大发展。从2008年起,中国大陆在学术期刊上发表并被SCI收录的化学论文数开始超越美国成为世界第一。这是我国化学取得的里程碑式的巨大成就,是庆祝中国化学会成立80周年最珍贵的贺礼。借此机会向我国化学工作者的贡献表达我最崇高的敬意和祝贺!     

中学化学创新实验的研究进展*——基于Journal of Chemical Education期刊的文献分析

从研究主题、研究领域、实验方法等多视角分析了2008-2018年Journal of Chemical Education有关中学化学创新实验的发文情况,介绍了热化学实验、化学动力学实验、生活化实验、与环保相关的实验、学科交叉实验等多篇具有代表性和教学意义的实验案例。     

化学动力学发展的前沿与展望

化学动力学作为物理化学学科的一个分支已有很久的历史,并概括为研究化学反应的机理与速率的科学。化学动力学的发展经历了从现象的观察到理论的分析,从宏观的测量到微观的探索,因而它又分为宏观化学动力学和微观反应动力学,后者又称分子反应动力学。1928年M. Polanyi研究Na_2+Cl_2反应的机理,相继建立了多维势能面来研究反应的进程,被誉为微观反应动力学诞生的里程碑。七十年代以来,分子束和激光技术的发展并在动力学研究中广泛应用,促使反应动力学的研究得到长足进步。1986年诺贝尔化等奖授予这个领域的三位著名化学家D. R. Herschbach,Y. T. Lee和J. C. Polanyi,标志着化学反应动力学的重要性,以及目前已经取得的进展和达到的水平。     

化学动力学的建立与发展概略

回顾了化学动力学的发展历史,介绍了化学动力学的近期研究成果,指出理论与实验的紧密配合是推动这一研究领域持续发展的强大动力。     

有机化学进展(2011~2012)

本文综述了中国大陆地区有机化学研究人员2011至2012年两年内在合成方法学、有机合成化学、元素有机化学以及天然产物化学等领域获得的重要成果。文章中共引用参考文献355篇,其中110多篇手性金属配合物和有机小分子催化的不对称反应、金属催化的碳氢键活化等合成方法学论文和30余篇氟有机化学论文基本来源于德国《应用化学》(国际版)和《美国化学杂志》。本文汇集了中国有机化学家两年中合成的150多个具有生物活性和化学结构多样性的天然产物,其中不乏具有高度挑战性的复杂天然分子。在近两年中中国有机化学家从陆地和海洋的生物体内发现各种不同类型新天然产物90多个。     

小分子光解动力学的理论研究

光解过程是化学中的核心问题之一。量子态分辨的光解动力学可以使人们在原子与分子的层次上深刻理解光解反应的机制。态-态水平的光解动力学在过去四十年中取得了长足的进步,实验和理论的相互结合极大地促进了我们对光解反应本质的认识。本文综述了小分子态-态光解动力学的理论研究进展,总结了H2O和CH3I这两个最具代表性体系的态-态光解动力学研究成果,并提出了该领域未来面临的挑战。     

化学动力学中的非绝热过程及其理论研究

伴随着原子核的运动出现的电子态之间的跃迁,被称为非绝热过程.近年来,实验结果表明,非绝热过程广泛存在于多种化学体系中.从理论上理解这一过程极具挑战性,因为该过程中电子和原子核的运动耦合在一起,量子化学的基本假设"波恩-奥本海默近似"被打破.本文介绍通过理论化学方法模拟非绝热过程的现状,讨论所涉及的非绝热动力学(量子和半经典动力学)和量子化学计算方法(高精度电子相关方法、半经验方法和TDDFT方法),同时也介绍一些典型的非绝热过程(生物分子的光稳定性、光异构化、自旋翻转、激发态电子和能量转移).尽管目前非绝热动力学领域已经取得了很大进展,但处理复杂体系仍然面临诸多挑战.解决这一问题需要动力学理论、量子化学方法和计算机技术等领域的共同发展.     

基元化学反应态态动力学研究*

化学反应动力学是化学领域最基础的学科之一,量子态分辨的基元化学反应动力学在最为基本的原子与分子的层次上对化学反应的机制提供深刻的理解。该领域的科学家们通过精心设计的实验和高精度的理论计算,使得态态反应动力学在过去的半个多世纪中取得了长足的进步,实验和理论的相互结合极大地促进了我们对化学反应本质的认识。本文从实验研究的角度,通过对实验技术的发展和对H₂O光解离、H+H₂、F+H₂、Cl+H₂、OH+H₂、F+CH₄等具体实例的态态动力学研究的简介,概况介绍了过去二十年里态态化学反应动力学研究所取得的进展,希望借此为读者提供对化学反应动力学领域的一个概略认识。     

金纳米粒子的合成、特性及其在生物医学检测中的应用研究进展

近年来,纳米技术越来越广泛的应用到各个领域,金纳米粒子因其具有许多优良的物理、化学及生物学性质而引起了人们特别的关注。本文综述了金纳米粒子几种经典的合成方法,以及基于金纳米粒子独特的理化性质在病原体、核酸蛋白质检测方面的最新研究进展。     

Macrolides. Recent Progress in Chemistry and Biochemistry

The progress of macrolide chemistry and biochemistry over the past several years has indeed been remarkable. This review attempts to cover the important contributions which have been made in the fields of structural and synthetic chemistry as well as in the biosynthesis and mode of antimicrobial activity of the “polyoxo” macrolide antibiotics. Emphasis has been placed on the recent synthetic achievements in this field.     

高速毛细管电泳技术

高速毛细管电泳技术(HSCE)的特点在于通过增大分离高压和缩短毛细管,将分析速度提高到几秒至几分钟内;近几年HSCE得到了较大的发展;本文着重介绍了高速毛细管电泳技术的理论、进样方法、检测器及其在各个领域的应用。     

质谱的无机痕量分析进展

概述了电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)、激光电离质谱(LIMS)和共振电离质谱(RIMS)、火花源质谱(SSMS)、辉光放电质谱(GDMS)、二次离子质谱(SIMS)、热电离同位素稀释质谱法(ID-TIMS)等无机质谱分析方法的基本原理、方法特点和应用进展,概括了ICE-MS和IDMS方法的优缺点;采用溶液进样的ICP-MS和TIMS稀释法,给出的测量结果不确定度要高于固体进样的质谱法。     

Recovering Invisible Signals by Two‐Field NMR Spectroscopy

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies have benefited tremendously from the steady increase in the strength of magnetic fields. Spectacular improvements in both sensitivity and resolution have enabled the investigation of molecular systems of rising complexity. At very high fields, this progress may be jeopardized by line broadening, which is due to chemical exchange or relaxation by chemical shift anisotropy. In this work, we introduce a two‐field NMR spectrometer designed for both excitation and observation of nuclear spins in two distinct magnetic fields in a single experiment. NMR spectra of several small molecules as well as a protein were obtained, with two dimensions acquired at vastly different magnetic fields. Resonances of exchanging groups that are broadened beyond recognition at high field can be sharpened to narrow peaks in the low‐field dimension. Two‐field NMR spectroscopy enables the measurement of chemical shifts at optimal fields and the study of molecular systems that suffer from internal dynamics, and opens new avenues for NMR spectroscopy at very high magnetic fields.     

In situ electrochemical spectroscopy for boron-doped diamond electrode reactions: recent progress and perspectives

Over the past years, great attention has been given to the developments of boron-doped diamond (BDD) materials in various fields because of the advantages of electrochemical features, such as large potential range and low background current. This minireview aims to present the recent progress of in situ electrochemical spectroscopy for BDD electrode reactions. After a concise state of the widely used in situ electrochemical spectroscopy techniques, including in situ electrochemical Raman, infrared, and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, the current progress of BDD electrode reactions using in situ electrochemical spectroscopy has been summarized. Finally, challenges and perspectives for the tendency of the BDD study via in situ electrochemistry are provided, of which several potential electrochemical combined technologies relating to the mechanism exploration of BDD are proposed.     

Theoretical studies on the structure and spectroscopic properties of pseudohalides

Pseudohalogen-containing compounds have attracted significant interest among nonmetal chemists and theorists, not only owing to their potential use in various fields but also due to difficulties in their experimental preparation and characterization. Since its introduction in 1925, the pseudohalide principle has been used extensively and, therefore, a remarkable progress has been made in the experimental and theoretical research on the compounds of this kind. In this work, we review studies on structural investigations and theoretical characterizations of several pseudohalide-containing compounds in order to contribute to better understanding of the chemistry of many such species.     

新型荧光物质——量子点在生命科学领域的应用研究进展

半导体荧光量子点因其特有的荧光性质而成为生命科学领域生物标记材料研究的前沿内容。本文综述了高荧光效率量子点的各种制备方法以及在生命科学领域应用的研究进展。     

磁性微珠的制备及其在生物样品分离富集中的应用

磁性微珠作为一种新型的功能材料,广泛应用于磁性材料、生物医学、细胞学、生物工程及分离工程等诸多领域,并显示出强大的生命力。本文对磁性微珠的结构、性质、制备方法及其在生物样品的分离富集等方面的应用,进行了总结和评述,引用文献62篇。     

Molecular optoelectronics: the interaction of molecular conduction junctions with light

The interaction of light with molecular conduction junctions is attracting growing interest as a challenging experimental and theoretical problem on one hand, and because of its potential application as a characterization and control tool on the other. It stands at the interface between two important fields, molecular electronics and molecular plasmonics and has attracted attention as a challenging scientific problem with potentially important technological consequences. Here we review the present state of the art of this field, focusing on several key phenomena and applications: using light as a switching device, using light to control junction transport in the adiabatic and non-adiabatic regimes, light generation in biased junctions and Raman scattering from such systems. This field has seen remarkable progress in the past decade, and the growing availability of scanning tip configurations that can combine optical and electrical probes suggests that further progress towards the goal of realizing molecular optoelectronics on the nanoscale is imminent.