取代基对氮自由基稳定性影响的ab initio研究

用UHF／4-31G基组，全构型优化，研究了九个氮自由基NHR（R＝CH3，CF3，CCl3，CN，NH2，CHO，OH，COOH，F）的构型和稳定化能ΔE，它们的ΔE分别为25．24，－38．53，－20．59，21．46，19．96，58．82，73．69，31．75，63．85kJ•mol-1，表明，除CF3，CCl3以外，其余七个取代基对氮自由基起稳定化作用．     

V@CN催化的芳烃的氧气羟基化反应

制备了V@CN催化剂,并用于氧气条件下芳烃的直接羟基化反应。结果表明,在V@CN催化剂作用下,带有不同吸电子基团(CN, NO2, COOH, CF3和COCH3)的芳烃均可被O2氧化得到相应的酚,产率中等。含有卤素(F, Cl和Br)的芳烃也可在该催化体系作用下转化为相应的酚。     

V@CN催化的芳烃的氧气羟基化反应（英文）

制备了V@CN催化剂,并用于氧气条件下芳烃的直接羟基化反应.结果表明,在V@CN催化剂作用下,带有不同吸电子基团(CN,NO2,COOH,CF3和COCH3)的芳烃均可被O2氧化得到相应的酚,产率中等.含有卤素(F,Cl和Br)的芳烃也可在该催化体系作用下转化为相应的酚.     

2，3—二氰基—2，3—二（p—X苯基）丁二酸二乙酯的分子构型和取代基电子效应对613 NMR谱的影响

测定了meso-和dl-2,3－二氰基－2，3－二（p-X苯基）丁二酸二乙酯（X＝OCH3，CH3，H，Cl,NO2)的^13C NMR谱。结果表明，，中心碳－碳键两端相连基团的各碳原子的化学位移值相同，与dl-异构体相比，所有相应meso-异构体的乙氧羰基^13C NMR吸附峰均处于高场，苯环对位取代基的Hammett基团常数σ与氰基碳原子和乙氧羰基中的羰基碳及次甲基碳的化学位移间线性相关，而且meso-异构体比dl-异构体有更好的线性关系。     

Pd/C催化氢化芳香族硝基化合物合成芳胺

以5%Pd/C为催化剂,芳香族硝基化合物在温和条件(30℃,H2/0.1 MPa)下还原成芳胺。研究了芳环上的取代基对催化加氢反应的影响。结果表明:对位取代的芳硝基化合物的加氢反应速率为:HCH3CO2CH3CF3FOCH3;间位取代芳硝基化合物加氢反应速率为:HCH3CF3FCO2CH3OCH3CN;邻位取代芳硝基化合物加氢反应速率为:HCF3CH3OCH3FCO2CH3CN。     

磷炔R-C≡P(R=－BH2,－CH3,－NH2,－OH)及其异构体的稳定性

采用B3LYP和CCSD(T)方法对R－C≡P(R=－BH2, －CH3,－NH2, －OH)体系进行了理论研究.结果表明，含C≡P三键的异构体BH2－C≡P和CH3－C≡P在各自的体系中分别是热力学最稳定的结构.而在HO－C≡P和NH2－C≡P体系中，热力学最稳定的结构却是H－P=C=O和含C≡N三键的N≡C－PH2.动力学理论研究表明，没有相关实验研究的R－C≡P(R=－BH2, NH2)体系中共有5种异构体是动力学稳定的. 在HO－C≡P体系的2种动力学稳定的异构体中， H－P=C=O连接方式的异构体已被实验所证实，而另外一种HO－C≡P连接方式的异构体的动力学稳定性较高，实验中可以观察到.对于CH3C≡P体系，研究所预示的2种动力学稳定的异构体中CH3－C≡P已被实验证实，从理论上推测另一种动力学稳定性较高的异构体HC≡C－PH2在实验中也可以检测到.     

含CCl3"或CC"基团的酯类化合物的合成与表征

本文合成了六个含 CCl3"或 CC"基团的酯类化合物([Cl3CC(O)OCH2]2 1;p-(Cl3CC(O)O)2C6H4 2;(Cl3CC(O)O)3C3H5 3;(Cl3CC(O)OCH2)4C 4;Cl3CC(O)OCH2CCH 5;C6H5C(O)OCH2CCH 6)并对其进行了C/H分析、IR、1H NMR等项表征,对化合物5、6进行了质谱分析.     

锌卟啉配合物轴配反应的光谱及电子效应

用紫外－可见分光光度计研究了三种新型空间不对称金属席夫碱和四种取代咪唑与间位取代四苯基卟啉锌（ZnT（m－X）PP，X＝NO2，Cl，OCH3，H，CH3）在CH2Cl2中的轴向配位反应的紫外－可见吸收光谱，发现在450－700nm间存在等吸光点；采用Rose－Drago数据处理方法确定了各体系在25℃时平衡常数，发现所研究的35个配位反应体系的配位数均为1，各配体与锌卟啉配位反应的εβ／εα及平衡常数均分别与卟啉环上取代基的Hammett参数间存在线性自由能关系．     

非金属二元氢化物pka与量子化学参数的关系

在HF／3－21G水平下，对13种非金属二元氢化物分子（HF，HCl,HBr,HI,H2O,H2S,H2Se,H2Te,NH3,PH3,AsH3,CH4和SiH4)进行了几何构型全优化和电子结构计算，将获得的电子结构数据与这些分子的pka值相关联，进行逐步回归分析，结果显示，pka与非氢原子的键价，分子的最低空轨道能间存在显的二元线性相关性，相关系数R＝0．994。pka计算值与实验值符合得较好，表明非金属二元氢化物中非氢原子的键价，分子的最低空轨道能在决定其酸性上起重要作用。     

α-氰基-P-X苯基乙酸乙酯的[Cu^2+(OH^-)TMEDA]2Cl2-催化氧化偶联反应机理

在[Cu^2+(OH^-)TMEDA]2Cl2^-催化下(TMEDA为N, N, N', N;-四甲基乙二胺),α-氰基-P-X苯基乙酸乙酯(X=OCH3, CH3, Cl, H和NO2)经氧化偶联反应, 获得高产率的二聚体。产物中meso异构体的含量均大于dl异构体的含量。IR, 1H NMR和EPR对反应过程进行研究, 结果表明, 反应机理为底物以CN取代催化剂中的OH^-, 生成反应中间体配合物, OH-夺取底物的α-H, 产生相应的碳负离子, 碳负离子向Cu^2+单电子转移生成自由基, 自由基偶合而生成产物。氧将Cu^+氧化为Cu^2+, 使反应继续进行。     

OCH＝CHR（R＝H，BH_2，CN，F，OH，NH_2）自由基结构和稳定性的ab initio研究

用ＵＨＦ／４－３１Ｇ基组，全构型优化ＯＣＨＣＨＲ（Ｒ＝Ｎ，ＢＨ_２，ＣＮ，Ｆ，ＯＨ，ＮＨ_２）６个氧自由基的构型并研究其稳定化能△Ｅ。以ＯＣＨＨ_２自由基为参考标准，它们的△Ｅ分别为０．００、－７５．９７、１．１１、０．７６、２２．０６和４０．６５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ，说明供电子基团ＯＨ和ＮＨ_２对氧自由基起稳定化作用，ＢＨ_２对氧自由基起去稳定化作用，而ＣＮ和Ｆ对氧自由基的稳定性影响不大。     

Substituent Effects on the Photocleavage of Benzyl-Sulfur Bonds. Observation of the "Meta Effect"

Benzyl phenyl sulfide has been used to investigate the photocleavage mechanism for benzyl-sulfur bonds. Four experiments have shown that the reaction goes through a radical intermediate. First, the photoproducts observed can all be justified by radical mechanisms. Second, the radical intermediate was trapped with a five hexenyl tether. Third, UV analysis of analogs for the 4-NO(2) derivative indicate no exciplex or electron transfer pathway. Fourth, no strong correlation is observed between sigma values and the quatum yields for loss of substituted benzyl phenyl sulide. The effect of oxygen on quantum yields is best observed after samples are thoroughly outgassed with consecutive freeze-pump-thaw cycles. It is shown that oxygen diminishes the substituent effect. Upon photolysis of the outgassed samples, the meta-substituted derivatives showed more significant variances than the para derivatives. The meta derivatives are most efficiently cleaved in the following order: 3-CN > 3-NO(2) > 3-CF(3) > 3-CH(3) > 3-OCH(3). These findings are justified by an increase in electron density of the radical ipso to the forming benzyl radical for the 3-OCH(3) derivative and a decrease in the electron density of the radical ipso to the forming benzyl radical for the 3-CN derivative.     

Theoretical calculation of ionization potentials for disubstituted benzenes: additivity vs non-additivity of substituent effects

The ionization potentials of 55 para- and 55 meta-disubstituted benzenes, consisting of all binary combinations of electron-withdrawing groups (-NO2, -CF3, -CHO, -COOH) and electron-donating groups (-Cl, -CH3, -OH, -OCH3, -NH2, and -N(CH3)2) have been calculated using density functional theory with the B3LYP functional and a 6-31G(d) basis set. Relative ionization potentials (delta IP), referred to benzene, are compared with experimental values and shown to be in good agreement. The disubstituted data were correlated with monosubstituted delta IP data and shown to require quadratic terms in order to achieve a good fit; the validity of this conclusion was possible due to the low scatter in the calculated data. A simple MO analysis gives a semiquantitative interpretation of the observed trends in substitutent effects, including a discussion of combinations of substituents for which nonadditivity should be expected.     

Theoretical calculation on the substituent effect of strontium para-tetraphenyl porphyrins

Structural Chemistry - A series of strontium para-tetraphenyl porphyrins (SrTRPPs) with different electron property substituents (R?=?-NH2, -OCH3, -H, -F, -COOH, -NO2) on the...     

Evaluation of the extent of conjugation in symmetrical and asymmetrical aryl-substituted acetophenone azines using electrochemical methods.

The electrochemical behavior of a series of symmetrical and unsymmetrical aryl-substituted acetophenone azines (1-X/Y, where X and Y are 4-NO2, 4-CN, H, 3-OCH3, 4-OCH3, 4-CH3, and 4-N(CH3)2) was studied in acetonitrile and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution using cyclic voltammetry (CV). Compounds 1-X/Y, where neither X or Y are nitro substituents, undergo successive reduction to their radical anion (1-X/Y.-) and then dianion (1-X/Y2-), respectively. In all cases, the formation of the radical anion is completely reversible and the standard reduction potentials, Eo1-X/Y/1-X/Y.- could be determined. The reversibility of the second electron transfer is substituent dependent with certain dianions sufficiently basic to be protonated under our conditions. Standard reduction potentials (Eo1-X/Y/1-X/Y.-) for the formation of radical anions exhibit a large substituent effect with values differing by more than 0.66 V throughout the series going from 1-4-CN/4-CN to 1-4-OCH3/4-OCH3; similar substituent effects were determined for the formation of the dianion. The nitro-containing azines deviate from the above-mentioned behavior. With the exception of 1-4-NO2/4-NO2, they exhibit single electron waves that have values of Eo1-X/Y/1-X/Y.- within 40 mV of each other and thus the reduction is not subject to the same substituent effect as the other azines. 1-4-NO2/4-NO2 exhibits an Eo at a similar potential, but is a two-electron reversible wave with features indicative of a reduction system containing two localized, nonconjugated redox centers. The reduction potentials of all the aryl azines were correlated with Hammett sigma parameters to look at variations in Eo1-X/Y/1-X/Y.- vs SCE as a function of substituent. The small rho values in combination with the other electrochemical data provide support for single bond character of the N-N bond and evidence for a lack of strong electronic communication between the two aryl centers through the azomethine bonds, especially for those systems with electron-withdrawing groups.     

Analysis of the substituent effect on the reactivity modulation during self-protonation processes in 2-nitrophenols

A voltammetric and spectroelectrochemical ESR study of the reduction processes of five substituted 4-R-2-nitrophenols (R = -H, -OCH(3), -CH(3), -CN, -CF(3)) in acetonitrile was performed. In the potential range considered here (-0.2 to -2.5 V vs Fc+/Fc), two reduction signals (Ic and IIc) were detected; the first one was associated with the formation of the corresponding hydroxylamine via a self-protonation pathway. The voltammetric analysis at the first reduction signal showed that there are differences in the reduction pathway for each substituted 4-R-2-nitrophenol, being the E1/2 values determined by the inductive effect of the substituent in the meta position with respect to the nitro group, while the electron-transfer kinetics was determined by the protonation rate (k(1)+ ) of the anion radical electrogenerated. However, at potential values near the first reduction peak, no ESR signal was recorded from stable radical species, indicating the instability of the radical species in solution. Nevertheless, an intense ESR spectrum generated at the second reduction peak was detected for all compounds, indicating the monoelectronic reduction of the corresponding deprotonated 4-R-2-nitrophenols. The spin-coupling hyperfine structures revealed differences in the chemical nature of the electrogenerated radical; meanwhile, the -CF(3) and -CN substituents induced the formation of a dianion radical structure, and the -H, -CH(3), and -OCH(3) substituents provoked the formation of an anion radical structure due to protonation by acetonitrile molecules of the initially electrogenerated dianion radical. This behavior was confirmed by analyzing the ESR spectra in deuterated acetonitrile and by performing quantum chemical calculations of the spin densities at each site of the electrogenerated anionic radicals.     

On the electron donor and the electrophilic substitution activating abilities of substituents in uracil

QTAIM properties for uracil and 18 derivatives containing the substituents -NH(2), -OH, -OCH(3), -SH, -F, -Cl, -CH(3) -NO(2), and -Li in position 5 or 6 were computed on MP2/6-31++G//MP2/6-31G charge densities. The results indicate that -OH, -OCH(3), and -NH(2) groups are really retrieving charge from the ring. Also, the activating ability of the substituent groups, usually considered as the variation of electron population at the carbon where the electrophilic attack takes place, C, was studied. The study shows that the activating ability is reflected by the variation of pi charge or quadrupole moment at C, and also by the variation of the Laplacian of the charge density in the secondary charge concentration points around C (SCC-C). They indicate a similar, but not exactly equal, graduation of activating ability. The relative behavior of the substituents is basically the same as in benzene, though benzene has more tendency to concentrate charge in the SCC-C regions than uracil, where this tendency is larger for 6- than for 5-derivatives. sigma(+/-)(R) Taft parameters are found to display good correlations with the above indicated activating indexes. Finally, the resonance model predicts most of the main variations displayed by QTAIM atomic pi electron populations of derivatives with regard to uracil, but there are still some significant variations of the pi electron charge that it cannot predict.     

Tin-oxo clusters based on aryl arsonate anions

Reactions of Ph(3)SnOH or Ph3SnCl with aryl arsonic acids RAsO3H2, where R=C6H5 (1), 2-NH2C6H4 (2), 4-NH2C6H4 (3), 2-NO2C6H4 (4), 3-NO2C6H4 (5), 4-NO2C6H4 (6), 3-NO2-4-OHC6H3 (7), 2-ClC6H4 (8) and 2,4-Cl2C6H3 (9), gave 18 Sn-O cluster compounds. These compounds can be classified into four types: type A: [{(PhSn)3(RAsO3)3(mu3-O)(OH)(R'O)2}2Sn] (R=C6H5, 2-NH2C6H4, 4-NH2C6H4, 2-NO2C6H4, 3-NO2C6H4, 2-ClC6H4, 2,4-Cl2C6H3, and 3-NO2-4-OHC6H3; R'=Me or Et); type B: [{(PhSn)3(RAsO3)(2)(RAsO3H)(mu3-O)(R'O)2}2] (R=4-NO2C6H4, R'=Me); type C: [{(PhSn)3(RAsO3)3(mu3-O)(R'O)3}2Sn] (R=2,4-Cl2C6H3, R'=Me); type D: [{Sn3Cl3(mu3-O)(R'O)3}(2)(RAsO3)4] (R=2-NO2C6H4 and 4-NO2-C6H4; R'=Me or Et). Structures of types A and B contain [Sn3(mu3-O)(mu2-OR')2] building blocks, while in types C and D the stannoxane cores are built from two [Sn3(mu3-O)(mu2-OR')3] building blocks. The reactions proceeded with partial or complete dearylation of the triphenyltin precursor. These various structural forms are realized by subtle changes in the nature of the organotin precursors and aryl arsonic acids. The syntheses, structures, and structural interrelationship of these organostannoxanes are discussed.     

Transition-state variation in the nucleophilic substitution reactions of aryl bis(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphates with pyridines in acetonitrile

The kinetics and mechanism of the reactions of Z-aryl bis(4-methoxyphenyl) phosphates, (4-MeOC(6)H(4)O)(2)P(=O)OC(6)H(4)Z, with pyridines (XC(5)H(4)N) are investigated in acetonitrile at 55.0 degrees C. In the case of more basic phenolate leaving groups (Z = 4-Cl, 3-CN), the magnitudes of beta(X) (beta(nuc)) and beta(Z) (beta(lg)) indicate that mechanism changes from a concerted process (beta(X) = 0.22-0.36, beta(Z) = -0.42 to -0.56) for the weakly basic pyridines (X = 3-Cl, 4-CN) to a stepwise process with rate-limiting formation of a trigonal bipyramidal pentacoordinate (TBP-5C) intermediate (beta(X) = 0.09-0.14, beta(Z) = -0.08 to -0.28) for the more basic pyridines (X = 4-NH(2), 3-CH(3)). This proposal is supported by a large negative cross-interaction constant (rho(XZ) = -1.98) for the former and a positive rho(XZ) (+0.97) for the latter processes. In the case of less basic phenolate leaving groups (Z = 3-CN, 4-NO(2)), the unusually small magnitude of beta(Z) values is indicative of a direct backside attack TBP-5C TS in which the two apical sites are occupied by the nucleophile and leaving group, ap(NX)-ap(LZ). The instability of the putative TBP-5C intermediate leading to a concerted displacement is considered to result from relatively strong proximate charge transfer interactions between the pi-lone pairs on the directly bonded equatorial oxygen atoms and the apical bond (n(O)(eq) - sigma(ap)). These are supported by the results of natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses at the NBO-HF/6-311+G//B3LYP/6-311+G level of theory.     

Electron ionization mass spectra and tautomerism of 2-phenacylpyridines

The electron ionization mass spectra of 2-phenacylpyridine (ketimine form) and its 13 derivatives substituted in the benzene ring (1an: a R = H, b 3-Me, c 4-Me, d 4-NH(2), e 3-F, f 4-F, g 4-OMe, h 4-Cl,i 4-N(CH(3))(2),j 4-NO(2), k 4-CF(3), l 4-N(CH(2))(4), m 4- Br, n 3-Br) were recorded at 70 eV to determine the fragmentation routes and to screen the presence of their enolimine tautomers, (Z-)-2-(2-hydroxy-2-phenylvinyl)pyridines in the gas phase. The total ion currents (TIC) of the ions [MH](+), [MHCO](+), 2-PyCH(2)O(+), and RC(6)H(4)CO(+) (= ArCO(+) ) showed a fair or good correlation with the Hammett s constants (R = 0.859, 0.876, 0.912, and 0.926, respectively). The relative abundances (RA) of both the [MCO](+.) and the [MHCO](+) ion increased with the decreasing electron donating ability of the substituents and also correlated relatively well with the Hammett constants (R = 0.834 and 0.907, respectively). These observations, in comparison to the NMR results, show that the relative contribution of the ketimine tautomer also increases in the gas phase with the increasing electron donating ability of the phenyl substituent, i.e. the TIC of the ArCO(+) ion decreases whereas that of [MH](+) ion increases.