二氮双环阳离子游离基中N,N＇-三电子键

用从头算HF/3-21+G*优化了二氮双环[m,n,l]游离基阳离子(m,n,l≥2～5).分子[4,4,4]和[2,2,2]+,[3,3,3]+,[4,4,4]+游离基阳离子的优势构型有D3对称性,而其它游离基阳离子的优势构型为非对称性.通过比较这些阳离子几何构型,HOMO和NHOMO(即Next HOMO和HOMO-1),和由MNDO计算确定的原子对作用能,表明当二氮双环游离基阳离子的桥链(CH2)n的n≥3时,桥头氮原子通过空间相互作用形成了一个弱的N,N＇-三电子σ-键.形成的三电子键强度不随环的扩大而增强.而三电子键强度被两个因素影响:一个是桥头氮原子间的p轨道重叠的取向;另一个是它们相应p轨道成分.     

氮、氮双中心三电子键的分子力学力参数研究

1，n－氮、氮双环烷烃（n＝4－6）第一电离能很低（＜7eV）[1]．动力学和光谱学研究表明，当电离（氧化）后形成的阳离子游离基（I）是中间体，且其中某些分子存在三电子σ键[2]．成键轨道σ（N，N）有两个电子，反键轨道有一个电子（如），这些中间体的寿命短则几毫秒、几秒，长到几小时甚至几个月，存在干晶体或对质子有惰性的溶剂中．有人［1，3］还推测出该三电子σ键键能约本文尝试用分子力学uuz方法对阳离子游离基（！）进行计算，采用nontoger方法问得到了一些力场参数、用这些力场参数，选择文献已作报导的1，5一氮、氮双环（3，3…     

化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)构型和键离能的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法研究了化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)的基态可能构型,对于各n值,基态可能构型(电子态)依次为：直线型(^6∑^+),直线型(^6∑~g^+),C~2~υ(^2A~2)或D~3~h(^6A~1),D~4~H(^4A~1~g),C~2~ν(^2B~2)或C~4~ν'(^2B~1),D~3~d(^2A~1~g)。计算结果表明,对于n≥3时,碎片离子的构型与体系自旋多重度关系敏感。进一步计算了Mo－CO键的逐级解离能,计算值与实验结果能较好吻合,并从Mo原子4d和5s轨道杂化角度来解释该键解离能随n值的非单调变化。     

化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)构型和键离能的密度泛函研究

采用DFT/B3LYP方法研究了化合物Mo(CO)~n^+(n=1～6)的基态可能构型,对于各n值,基态可能构型(电子态)依次为：直线型(^6∑^+),直线型(^6∑~g^+),C~2~υ(^2A~2)或D~3~h(^6A~1),D~4~H(^4A~1~g),C~2~ν(^2B~2)或C~4~ν'(^2B~1),D~3~d(^2A~1~g)。计算结果表明,对于n≥3时,碎片离子的构型与体系自旋多重度关系敏感。进一步计算了Mo－CO键的逐级解离能,计算值与实验结果能较好吻合,并从Mo原子4d和5s轨道杂化角度来解释该键解离能随n值的非单调变化。     

新手性源5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮的合成和结构

文中深入研究了5-(l-孟氧基)-3-溴-2(5H)-呋喃酮新手性源(5a)的合成方法及其不对称合成反应。5a不仅制备方法简便,光学纯度单一,而且它作为稳定的Michael受体,可与碳、氧、氮、硫等不同的亲核试剂发生串联的Michael加成/分子内亲核取代反应,制备得到含有多个手性中心的双环[3.3.0^3^,^7]-5-辛烯类化合物、双环[3.1.0^3^,^5]-己烷类化合物和螺-环丙烷类化合物。本文报道了该手性呋喃酮5a的合成和构型测定。     

[C（AuPH3）m]^n＋（m=4-6；n=0-2）的成键性质和稳定性研究

用MP2／LanL2DZ方法优化C(AuPH3)4[1a(C4v)；1b(Td)]．[C(AuPH3)5]^ [2a(C3h；2b(Cs)]以及[C(AuPH3)6]^2 [3a(C2h)；3b(C2v)]的结构，得到的几何参数与实验值相符．MP2水平下的自然键轨道(Natural bond orbitals，NBO)分析表明．Au具有d(sp)杂化性质．其中(sp)具有s-p混合的轨道性质；沿C-Au辐射方向形成的σ键和切向Au—Au之间的弱吸引相互作用使得整个分子稳定．化合物1a，2和3具有2或3个二电子三中心键．表明该类化合物具有与传统C化学不同的电子结构和立体化学构型。     

环式结构体系中的双碳正离子

在某些环式结构体系中,由于某些轨道的相互作用使正电荷离域,从而克服正电荷间的相互排斥形成长寿命的双碳正离子。本文介绍苯双碳正离子,双环[m.n.p]桥头双碳正离子、去氢金刚烷基双碳正离子及宝塔烷双碳正离子的生成、检测、性能及理论处理。     

大环硫氮冠醚金属配合物的研究 I. 1,4,10,13-四硫-7,16-二氮杂环十八烷的硝酸盐及氯化镍配合物的合成、晶体结构和电子结构

作为系统研究大环硫氮杂冠醚结构的一部分, 合成了1,4,10,13-四硫-7,16-二氮杂环十八冠醚的硝酸盐[H2(C12H26N2S4)(NO3)2]1和镍配合物[Ni(C12H26N2S4)Cl2·4H2O]2,并测定和计算了它们的晶体结构和电子结构。化合物1属单斜晶系, 空间群P21/c,a=7.936(5), b=8.866(7), c=14.756(5)埃, β=95.33(4)°, V=1033.7埃^3, Z=2,Do=1.45g·cm^-^3, μ=43.7cm^-^1, F(000)=480, 最终偏离因子R=0.059, Rw=0.059。化合物2属三斜晶系, 空间群p1, a=6.941(4), b=9.862(3), c=16.507(3)埃,α=98.78(2), β=95.52(3), γ=93.48(3)°, V=1108.3埃^3, Z=2, Dc=1.58g·cm^-^3,μ=14.9cm^-^1, F=(000)=556; 最终偏离因子R=0.060, Rw=0.065。晶体结构测定结果表明: 化合物1与自由配体L相比较, N原子的构型变化最大, 在氯化镍配合物2中, 四硫二氮大环发生严重扭曲, 其中四个S和两个N原子在Ni原子周围形成八面体配位, Ni-N距离从2.109到2.140埃, Ni-S距离从2.370到2.435埃。同时, 量化计算结果说明, S、N原子与Ni^2^+本位时均为电子授体, 且S对Ni^2^+的授电子能力, 似略大于N原子。     

双核V配合物中金属-金属键的INDO定域化方法研究

本文利用INDO和E_R定域化方法,对Ⅴ~2(μ-η^2-S~2)~2(SCCH~2)~4和[V~2O~2Cl~6]^2-双核配合物进行了量子化学计算研究,讨论了它们的电子结构和化学键性质,并讨论了利用mulliken键序判别金属原子间成键的可靠.进而基于过渡金属原子主要是以d亚层轨道参与成键,建议用金属原子d亚层的键序讨论键强度的新方法.     

配合物[M(CO)3(PPh2py)2](M=Fe,Ru)异构体的理论研究

对PPh2py配合物[M(CO)3(PPh2py)2](M=Fe, Ru)的三种构型的异构体1-6进行了研究. 其中PPh2py以两个P原子与M配位形成HH构型1(Fe)和4(Ru), 以一个P和一个N原子与M配位形成HT构型2(Fe)和5(Ru), 以两个N原子与M配位形成HH’构型3(Fe)和6(Ru). 结果表明, (1) PPh2py中P原子对HOMO轨道的贡献最大, PPh2py作为电子给体时易以P原子与金属原子结合. (2)从分子能量和相互作用能数据表明, 配合物中HH构型最稳定, HH'构型最不稳定, 这与合成产物为HH构型的结果一致. (3) 键长和Wiberg键级均表明P—M键比N—M键结合力强. P、M原子间存在σ键, 而N、Fe原子间仅存在nN→n*M或nN→σ*M-P的电荷转移作用. (4) HH构型中M对HOMO的贡献最大, PPh2py向M的电荷转移最强, 使M的负电荷最大, 故HH构型最易作为电子给体以M原子与第二个金属配位形成双核配合物.     

二氨基二硝基乙烯结构和性质的理论研究

对三种二氨基二硝基乙烯同分异构体进行了HF/6-31G^*^*水平、DFT-B3LYP/6-31G^*^*水平的几何全优化以及MP2/6-31G^*^*//HF-6-31G^*^*水平的总能量计算。结果表明,1,1-二氨基-2,2-二硝基乙烯(Ⅰ)总能量比顺式(Ⅱ)和反式(Ⅲ)1,2-二氨基-1,2-二硝基乙烯的总能量低,即热力学稳定性次序为Ⅰ>Ⅲ>Ⅱ。分子的共轭性和分子内氢键的强度次序为Ⅰ≈Ⅲ>Ⅱ,前沿轨道能级差次序为Ⅰ>Ⅱ>Ⅲ,也均表明(Ⅰ)最稳定。此外还计算研究了标题物的红外光谱;化合物Ⅰ的理论计算与实验值良好相符。在此基础上计算研究了标题物的热力学性质。     

开壳层元素簇合物BCHe^2+的几何构型和成键性质研究

本文用ab initio方法研究了开壳层元素簇合物BCHe^2^+基态的三种几何构型, 即线形BC-He^2^+, CB-He^2^+和T形(He在B-C键中点上方)的稳定性半讨论了其成健性质。计算了势能曲线。计算是在6-31G^*, 6-311G^*^*, 6-311+G^*^*,6-311++G^*^*, 6-311G^*^*(2df)和6-311G(3df,2p)基组下, 用UHF, MP2, PMP2,MP4(SDTQ), CISD和ST4CCD方法完成的。结果表明, He与B和C之间有弱键存在。三种构型之间的能量差别不大, 其结构都是非刚性的。在我们所查阅文献范围内, 本工作尚属首次。     

细菌光合反应中心突变体原初电子转移机理的理 论研究

利用量子化学DFT从头计算方法,计算经过突变的细菌光合反应中心HM202L原始电子给体和其他色素分子的电子结构,然后对其原初电子转移机理进行探讨。结果表明：1)超分子D-2A的HOMO主要是由定域在其组成单元BChl~L分子上的原子轨道组成,而它的LUMO主要是由定域在其组成单元MBPheo~M分子上的原子轨道组成。这表明它在基态的激发态时分别存在超分子内的电荷分离态[BChl~L^--MBPheo~M^+]和[BChl~L^+-MBPheo~M^-]。同时也说明了D-2A阳离子态的正电荷完全分布在组成单元细菌叶绿素分子BChl~L上,与实验事实相符。2)HM202L细菌光合反应中心原初电子转移反应存在由ABCha~L^h^*驱动的电子转移反应。     

Electron-phonon interactions in photoinduced excited electronic states in fluoroacenes

The electron-phonon coupling constants [l(B1u(HOMO-->LUMO))] in the photoinduced excited electronic states in fluoroacenes are estimated and compared with those in the monoanions (l(LUMO)) and cations (l(HOMO)). The l(B1u(HOMO-->LUMO)) values are much larger than the l(LUMO) and l(HOMO) values in fluoroacenes. Furthermore, the Coulomb pseudopotential mu* values for the excited electronic states are estimated to be smaller than those for the monoanions and cations. The complete phase patterns difference between the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) is the main reason why the electron-phonon coupling constants and the mu* values are larger and smaller, respectively, in the photoinduced excited electronic states than in the monoanions and cations. The possible electron pairing and Bose-Einstein condensation in the excited electronic states of fluoroacenes are discussed. Because of larger electron-phonon coupling constants and smaller mu* values in the excited electronic states than in the charged states, the conditions under which the electron-electron interactions become attractive can be more easily realized, in principle, in the excited electronic states than in the charged states in fluoroacenes. The l(B1u(HOMO-->LUMO)) values hardly change by H-F substitution, even though the l(LUMO) and l(HOMO) values significantly increase by H-F substitution in acenes. Antibonding interactions between carbon and fluorine atoms in the HOMO and LUMO are the main reason why the l(B1u(HOMO-->LUMO)) values hardly change by H-F substitution in acenes.     

Natural bond orbital analyses of persulfoxide stabilization by remote functional groups. The conformationally induced electrostatic stabilization sulfide photooxygenation mechanism

The conformationally induced electrostatic stabilization (CIES) sulfide photooxygenation mechanism was computationally examined using an ab initio model and extended to the study of new donor atoms. The MP2/6-31G(d) geometries and a natural population analysis of natural lone-pair orbitals on the donor atoms support the mechanism and reveal that oxygen and nitrogen donor groups are more stabilizing than sulfur.     

Electronic structure and chemical bonding in MO(n)- and MO(n) clusters (M = Mo, W; n = 3-5): a photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio study

Photoelectron spectroscopy (PES) and ab initio calculations are combined to investigate the electronic structure of MO(n)- clusters (M = W, Mo; n = 3-5). Similar PES spectra were observed between the W and Mo species. A large energy gap between the first and second PES bands was observed for MO3- and correlated with a stable closed-shell MO3 neutral cluster. The electron binding energies of MO4- increase significantly relative to those of MO3-, and there is also an abrupt spectral pattern change between MO3- and MO4-. Both MO4- and MO5- give PES features with extremely high electron binding energies (>5.0 eV) due to oxygen-2p-based orbitals. The experimental results are compared with extensive density functional and ab initio [CCSD(T)] calculations, which were performed to elucidate the electronic and structural evolution for the tungsten oxide clusters. WO3 is found to be a closed-shell, nonplanar molecule with C3v symmetry. WO4 is shown to have a triplet ground state (3A2) with D2d symmetry, whereas WO5 is found to be an unusual charge-transfer complex, (O2-)WO3+. WO4 and WO5 are shown to possess W-O* and O2-* radical characters, respectively.     

Iminophosphanes as pseudocarbenes: A theoretical study of product formation

P(III) double bond systems possess two closely spaced frontier orbitals, a π-orbital and a σ-orbital. In the parent iminophosphane the orbital sequence is σ (HOMO) and π* (LUMO). Thus, it is isolabal to a singlet carbene and undergoes self-dimerization via a [2 + 1] cycloaddition. The resulting three membered ring system can be considered as a complex of two iminophosphanes. Contrary to the classical cyclopropanation reaction, in the pseudo-carbene iminophosphane the corresponding [2 + 1] reaction is only slightly exothermic, as established by ab initio calculations at the SCF/CEPA-1 and the MCSCF/ACPF level.     

取代基对醌的结构及电子转移能力的影响

用半经验的AM1,abinitio(HF/3-21G,HF/6-31G^*),及密度泛函[B3LYP/6-31G^*,B3LYP/6-311G(d,p)]方法对1,4-苯酯及其阴离子的结构与性质进行了研究。在此基础上用AM1及BLYP/6-31G(d,p)方法对泛醌Q~0,用AM1方法对泛醌Q~1,泛醌Q~2及其阴离子的结构与性质进行了研究。研究结果表明,由于取代基的影响,泛醌的环平面发生了扭曲,环上原子不再位于同一平面上。结构的变化导致了电子分布发生了变化,并由此导致了偶极矩随6位上取代基的增大而增大。随着6位支链的增长,泛醌的电离势逐渐减小而电子亲和势逐渐增大,泛醌传递电子的能力增强。在上述研究的基础上,对1,4-苯醌及泛醌的自交换电子转移反应过程进行了过程,计算了反应的内重组能,溶剂重组能及电子转移速率常数。结果表明内重组能的大小与取代基的长短无直接关系,而与得电子前后醌的结构变化程度密切相关。除高频振动的变化外,低频振动的变化对内重组能也有显著的贡献。计算所得1,4-苯醌自交换电子转移反应速率常数与实验值相符得很好。     

Comprehensive study of the methyl effect on the solvolysis rates of bridgehead derivatives

The effect of a bridgehead methyl group on the hydride ion affinity in the gas phase of bicyclo[1.1.1]pent-1-yl (1+), 1-norbornyl (3+), cubyl (5+), 1-adamantyl (7+), bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-1-yl (9+),and bicyclo[3.1.1]hept-1-yl (11+) cations has been studied using density functional theory and ab initio methods. It is concluded that the methyl group always increases the stability of the substituted cations. The effect of the solvent on the stability of methyl-substituted cations in relation to the unsubstituted cations has been studied using the polarizable continuum model of the self-consistent reaction field theory. In the case of rearranging cations, the nucleophilic assistance of the solvent is determined by means of the interaction energy of the corresponding water complexes. It is concluded that the solvent causes the relative stabilization of the parent cations. As a consequence, most of the methyl-substituted bridgehead derivatives show a lower solvolysis rate than the corresponding unsubstituted compounds. A nonqualitative explanation of the methyl effect on the relative stability of bridgehead cations in both gas phase and solution is given for the first time. The ratios of solvolysis products in the case of rearranging bridgehead cations have also been computed from the relative stability of the intermediate water complexes.     

Molecular orbital study of interactions of single transition metal atoms with PF3 and CO ligands

Interactions of single transition metal atoms of Cr, Fe, Co and Ni with PF₃ and CO ligands were studied by means of an ab initio MO theory. The HOMO levels of both ligands shift toward lower energies due to the interaction with the metal 4s and 3d_zz orbitals. The magnitudes of the HOMO level shifts increase monotonically with atomic number.