蓝宝石衬底SnO2:Sb薄膜的制备及结构和光致发光性质

用射频磁控溅射法在蓝宝石(0001)衬底上制备出锑掺杂的氧化锡(SnO₂:Sb)薄膜.对制备薄膜的结构和发光性质进行了研究.制备样品为多晶薄膜，具有纯SnO₂的四方金红石结构.室温条件下对样品进行光致发光测量，在334 nm附近观测到紫外发射峰，并对SnO₂:Sb的光致发光机制进行了研究.     

使用金属掺杂SnO2(110)作为表面催化剂的电催化CO2还原反应：通过调控Sn:O原子比例来控制产物

电催化CO₂还原反应可以产生HCOOH和CO,目前该反应是将可再生电力转化为化学能存储在燃料中的最有前景的方法之一. SnO₂作为将CO₂转换为HCOOH和CO的良好催化剂,其反应发生的晶面可以是不同的. 其中(110)面的SnO₂非常稳定,易于合成. 通过改变SnO₂(110)的Sn:O原子比例,得到了两种典型的SnO₂薄膜：完全氧化型(符合化学计量)和部分还原型. 本文研究了不同金属(Fe、Co、Ni、Cu、Ru、Rh、Pd、Ag、Os、Ir、Pt和Au)掺杂的SnO₂(110),发现在CO₂还原反应中这些材料的催化活性和选择性是不同的. 所有这些变化都可以通过调控(110)表面中Sn:O原子的比例来控制. 结果表明,化学计量型和部分还原型Cu/Ag掺杂的SnO₂(110)对CO₂还原反应具有不同的选择性. 具体而言,化学计量型的Cu/Ag掺杂的SnO₂(110)倾向于产生CO(g),而部分还原型的表面倾向于产生HCOOH(g). 此外,本文还考虑了CO₂还原的竞争析氢反应. 其中Ru、Rh、Pd、Os、Ir和Pt掺杂的SnO₂(110)催化剂对析氢反应具有较高的活性,其他催化剂对CO₂还原反应具有良好的催化作用.     

Sb2Te3 纳米结构的制备与表征

以室温热电性能优异的传统热电材料Sb₂Te₃为研究对象,利用化学气相沉积法制备Sb₂Te₃单晶纳米结构,并研究其生长机理.实验结果表明,不加催化剂时Sb₂Te₃易生长成六方纳米盘,在金催化剂条件下定向生长成纳米线.Sb₂Te₃的形貌与其晶体结构和生长机理有关.Sb₂Te₃为三角结构,Sb和     

氧氩比对SnO2/Ag/SnO2透明导电膜光电性能的影响

在室温及不同的氧氩比条件下,采用射频磁控溅射Ag层和直流磁控溅射SnO₂层,在载玻片衬底上制备出了SnO₂/Ag/SnO₂多层薄膜.用霍尔效应测试仪、四探针电阻测试仪和紫外-可见-近红外光谱仪等表征了薄膜的电学性质和光学性质.实验结果表明:当氧氩比为1:14时,所制得的薄膜的光电性质优良指数最大,为1.69×10^-2 Ω^-1;此时,薄膜的电阻率为9.8×10^-5 Ω·cm,方电阻为9.68 Ω/sq,在400~800 nm可见光区的平均光学透射率达85%;并且,在氧氩比为1:14时,利用射频磁控溅射Ag层和直流磁控溅射SnO₂层在PET柔性衬底上制备出了光电性质优良的柔性透明导电膜,其在可见光区的平均光学透过率达85%以上,电阻率为1.22×10^-4 Ωcm,方电阻为12.05 Ω/sq.     

电爆炸丝法制备纳米Al2O3粉末

 设计了电爆炸金属丝产生纳米金属氧化物粉末的实验装置，金属丝电爆炸腔采用圆筒结构，纳米粉末经过微孔滤膜过滤收集。成功制备了纳米Al₂O₃粉末，其平均粒度达到64.9 nm。对电爆炸金属丝产生纳米Al₂O₃粉末的物理条件进行了研究。结果表明实验条件对粉末粒度有重要影响：随气压的增加粉末平均粒度变大；随金属丝直径增大粉末平均粒度变大；粉末的平均粒度与电容器的初始储能也有一定的关系。     

CdTe太阳电池前电极SnO2:F/SnO2复合薄膜性能分析

减薄CdS窗口层是提高CdS/CdTe太阳电池转换效率的有效途径之一,减薄窗口层会对器件造成不利的影响,因此在减薄了的窗口层与前电极之间引入过渡层非常必要.利用反应磁控溅射法在前电极SnO₂:F薄膜衬底上制备未掺杂的SnO₂薄膜形成过渡层,并将其在N₂/O₂=4 ∶1,550 ℃环境进行了30 min热处理,利用原子力显微镜、X射线衍射仪、紫外分光光度计对复合薄膜热处理前后的形貌、结构、光学性能进行了表征,同时分析了复     

铝电解中SnO2+Sb2O3+CuO惰性阳极的电流效率、腐蚀性及结构变化

系统研究了霍尔赫鲁特铝电解池中SnO₂基惰性阳极 (96%SnO₂+2%Sb₂O₃+2%CuO)的电流效率,腐蚀性以及结构变化. 评价了各种操作参数(温度、电流密度、阴阳两级的距离、冰晶石量比、Al₂O₃ 浓度和电解质组成)对电流效率和腐蚀性的影响.     

缺陷分布对Ag-SiO2薄膜电阻翻转效应的影响

通过改变制备条件,研究了Ag-SiO₂薄膜中的缺陷对电阻翻转效应的影响.对比不同的热处理实验条件, 发现在120 ℃退火的样品经forming过程后具有稳定的电阻转变特性;另一方面, 在Ar/O₂混合气氛下生长的SiO₂具有比在纯Ar下生长的样品更加稳定、重复的电阻转变特性. 通过实验分析,表明热处理、电场作用和样品制备气氛可以改变、调节样品中的缺陷分布 (Ag填隙原子和氧空位缺陷),从而导致Ag-SiO₂中基于缺陷的导电通道结构的形成和湮灭, 提出了提高电阻翻转稳定性的必要条件.     

Si3N4的晶体化和ZrN/Si3N4纳米多层膜的超硬效应

研究了Si₃N₄层在ZrN/Si₃N₄纳米多层膜中的晶化现象及其对多层膜微结构与力学性能的影响. 一系列不同Si₃N₄层厚度的ZrN/Si₃N₄纳米多层膜通过反应磁控溅射法制备. 利用X射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电子显微镜和微力学探针表征了多层膜的微结构和力学性能. 结果表明，由于受到ZrN调制层晶体结构的模板作用，溅射条件下以非晶态存在的Si₃N₄层在其厚度小于0.9 nm时被强制晶化为NaCl结构的赝晶体，ZrN/Si₃N₄纳米多层膜形成共格外延生长的柱状晶，并相应地产生硬度升高的超硬效应. Si₃N₄随层厚的进一步增加又转变为非晶态，多层膜的共格生长结构因而受到破坏，其硬度也随之降低.     

不同晶相结构和形貌TiO2负载Ru催化剂的CO选择甲烷化

用水热法得到的钛酸纳米纤维前体,通过不同后处理方法合成了多种纳米结构的TiO₂．采用N₂等温吸附和BET比表面、X射线衍射、透射电镜和能量分散X射线分析表征了TiO₂及负载Ru催化剂的微结构,包括比表面、晶相结构和形貌以及Ru纳米颗粒尺寸分布等．对负载Ru催化剂在富氢条件下CO选择甲烷化反应活性测试表明：金红石相TiO₂和TiO₂-B为载体负载的Ru催化剂比锐钛矿相TiO₂负载的Ru催化剂表现出更高的反应性能．其活性区别说明了不同晶相结构和形貌TiO₂载体与Ru纳米颗粒的相互作用存在差异．     

SnO2微纳米材料的合成及其生长机理研究

利用简单的化学气相沉积法,以Sn粉为源材料合成不同形貌的一维SnO₂纳米棒、纳米线和纳米花等纳米结构,并通过减小载气中的氧含量获得新颖的SnO₂亚微米环状结构.通过调节Sn粉的量和载气中的氧含量、升温速率等试验条件,有效实现SnO₂一维纳米结构的控制生长.采用扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和X射线衍射仪表征产物形貌、成分和物相结构,并探讨了SnO₂微纳米材料的生长机理. 关键词： 2')" href="#">SnO₂ 纳米结构 亚微米环 生长机理     

Facile preparation of SnC2O4 nanowires for anode materials of a Li ion battery

A simple method of creating densely-packed nanostructures of functional metal oxides is attractive, but it has always been a challenge. Here, we synthesize well-distributed nanostructures of Sn complexes (SnC₂O₄ and SnO₂) via a simple chemical anodization technique followed by annealing. Chemical anodization of Sn surface in oxalic acid, using various organic solvents, provides one-dimensional nanostructures of SnC₂O₄. Length and packing density were precisely controlled by several parameters: solubility of oxalic acid, dielectric constant of organic solvents, and the ion transfer of proton and oxalate anion. Further thermal decomposition converts the SnC₂O₄ nanowires into SnO₂ nanowires, maintaining the nanostructure form in the process. In addition, we expect that the mixture of SnC₂O₄ and SnO₂ nanowires synthesized by this approach might be potential alternative anode materials for prompt charging and discharging Li ion batteries.     

Selective fabrication of n‐ and p‐type SnO films without doping

Undoped n‐ and p‐type tin monoxide (SnO) films have been selectively fabricated by pulsed laser deposition with a Sn target and careful control of oxygen partial pressure. The films are epitaxially grown in optimal growth conditions on yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) substrates with out‐of‐plane and in‐plane orientation relationships of (001)_SnO//(001)_YSZ and [110]_SnO//[100]_YSZ, respectively. Both Seebeck and Hall measurements show consistent results on the carrier types of the films. The electron Hall mobility is approximately 11 cm²/Vs at room temperature and the carrier activation energy is 0.14 eV for the n‐type film. The growth at increased oxygen partial pressure yields p‐type films, demonstrating the selective fabrication of both n‐ and p‐type SnO films without doping. (© 2015 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of SnO2/ZnO hierarchical nanostructures

SnO₂/ZnO hierarchical nanostructures were synthesized by a two-step carbon assisted thermal evaporation method. SnO₂ nanowires were synthesized in the first step and were then used as substrates for the following growth of ZnO nanowires in the second step. Sn metal droplets were formed at the surfaces of the SnO₂ nanowires during the second step and were acted as catalyst to facilitate the growth of ZnO nanowires via vapor-liquid-solid mechanism. Room temperature photoluminescence measurements showed that the SnO₂/ZnO hierarchical nanostructures exhibited a strong green emission centered at about 520 nm and a weak emission centered at about 380 nm. The emissions from the SnO₂ were drastically constrained due to screen effect caused by the ZnO layer.     

A LEELS and auger study of the oxidation of liquid and solid tin

The oxidation of liquid and solid tin from 25 to 240°C has been investigated using 75 eV low energy electron loss spectroscopy (LEELS) and Auger spectroscopy over an oxygen exposure range from zero to 10⁷ L. LEELS was chosen for two reasons. First it can distinguish Sn, SnO and SnO₂ from each other. Second, we show that at 75 eV incident energy LEELS has a penetration depth of only one monolayer. As a result the continuity and stoichiometry of the oxide layer could be studied as a function of thickness from submonolayer to several monolayer thicknesses. Although unable to distinguish SnO from SnO₂ the larger penetration depth of the Auger technique complemented the LEELS study. From zero to one monolayer the oxide grows as islands containing both SnO and SnO₂. Above one monolayer coverage the oxide is continuous and free of metallic tin with its outer most surface enriched in SnO₂. Although oxide films grew more rapidly on polycrystalline tin than on single crystal tin the composition and continuity as a function of thickness remained unchanged. Very little change in oxide growth rate, continuity, or stoichiome- try was observed for solid tin up to temperatures near the melting point. However at 229°C, just 3°C below the melting point of tin, dissolution of oxygen into the metal was observed. A continuous, metal free solid oxide, primarily SnO, could be grown on liquid tin at 240°C than remained stable for 20 min after removal of the oxygen gas. Our model for the early stages of the oxidation of tin is different from that previously proposed on the basis of UPS, XPS, and 400 eV LEELS with respect to the continuity and relative ordering of the SnO and SnO₂ phases. Quantitative comparison of our results with those previously reported shows that the previous results are consistent with our model for the structure and stoichiometry of the initial oxide grown on tin.     

Formation of Sn@C Yolk–Shell Nanospheres and Core–Sheath Nanowires for Highly Reversible Lithium Storage

As one promising anode material with high theoretical capacity, metallic tin has attracted much research interest in the field of lithium‐ion batteries. Here, two types of tin/carbon (Sn@C) core–shell nanostructures with inner buffering voids are fabricated from SnO₂ hollow nanospheres via a facile chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method. The crystallinity and surface topography of SnO₂ hollow nanospheres are found to affect the morphology of resultant Sn@C materials. Sn@C yolk–shell nanospheres and core–sheath nanowires are obtained from the as‐prepared SnO₂ and high‐temperature annealed SnO₂ nanospheres, respectively. The unique Sn@C nanostructures can mitigate the agglomeration/pulverization of Sn nanoparticles and electrical disconnection from the current collector caused by the large volume change during the lithium alloying/dealloying process. Both Sn@C yolk–shell and core–sheath nanostructures show stable cycling performance up to 500 cycles with specific capacities of ca. 430 and 520 mA h g^?1, respectively.     

Mössbauer study of supported Pt—Sn

Pt—Sn supported on alumina was characterized before and after treatment with hydrogen by Mössbauer spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. For the calcined sample tin is present as SnO₂ and platinum as metal. After reduction with hydrogen, Sn(IV), Sn(II), Sn(0), Pt, Pt₃Sn, PtSn alloys are formed. SnO interacts strongly with the support.     

First-principles calculations of electric field gradients of Sn compounds

The Discrete Variational (DV) LCAO Molecular Orbital method in the local density approximation was employed to obtain the electronic structure of clusters representing three compounds of Sn(II), namely SnF₂, SnO and SnS and two of Sn(IV): SnF₄ and SnO₂. The electric field gradients at the Sn nucleus were calculated and a value for the nuclear quadrupole moment Q was determined.     

Ab initio study of Fe-doped SnO: Local structure and hyperfine interactions at the Fe nucleus

In this work we perform an ab initio study of the electric field gradient (EFG) at the nucleus of Fe impurities in crystalline SnO. The Augmented Plane Waves plus Local Orbitals method is used to obtain the electronic structure of the doped system and the atomic relaxations introduced by the impurities in the SnO host in a fully self-consistent way. Most calculations are performed assuming that Fe ions replace the Sn atoms of the structure, in some cases including oxygen vacancies in order to discuss their role in the hyperfine interactions and in determining the local structure around Fe impurities. The case of interstitial Fe sites is also considered. Our predictions are compared with available Müssbauer spectroscopy results and also with theoretical and experimental results obtained for rutile SnO₂ and TiO₂.     

SnO2 nanowires mixed nanodendrites for high ethanol sensor response

Mixed morphology of SnO₂ nanowires and nanodendrites was synthesized on the gold-coated alumina substrates by carbothermal reduction of SnO₂ in closed crucible. The products were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffractometer, and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed the SnO₂ nanowires and the SnO₂ nanodendrites branched out from the main nanowires. Both SnO₂ nanostructures were pure tetragonal rutile structure. The nanowires were grown in [101] and directions with the diameter of 50–150 nm and the length of a few 10 μm. The nanodendrites were about 100–300 nm in diameter. The growth mechanism of the SnO₂ nanostructures was also discussed. Characterization of ethanol gas sensor, based on the mixed morphology of the SnO₂ nanostructures, was carried out. The optimal temperature was about 360 °C and the sensor response was 120 for 1000 ppm of ethanol concentration.