氟化钠对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响

为探讨氟化钠对小鼠骨髓细胞微核率的影响,选取50只小鼠随机分为5组:氟化钠染毒高剂量组(34 mg/kg)、中剂量组(17 mg/kg)、低剂量组(8.5 mg/kg)、环磷酰胺阳性对照组(50 mg/kg)、生理盐水空白对照组,采用经口灌胃染毒,1 次/d,连续2 d,第3天处死小鼠取胸骨骨髓制片观察小鼠骨髓细胞微核...     

Effect of Sodium Fluoride on the Rate of Sperm Deformity in Male Mice

为探讨氟化钠对雄性小鼠精子畸形的影响,选取50只成年雄性小鼠随机分为5组:氟化钠染毒高剂量组(34 mg/kg)、中剂量组(17 mg/kg)、低剂量组(8.5 mg/kg)、环磷酰胺阳性对照组( 50 mg/kg)、生理盐水空白对照组,采用经口灌胃染毒,1次/d,连续5d,于首次染毒后的第35天颈椎脱臼将小鼠处死,取睾丸和附睾称质量,计算脏器系数；同时取附睾制片,观察精子形态,计数小鼠精子畸形率.结果表明,氟化钠染毒各组睾丸、附睾脏器系数与空白对照组比较,差别无统计学意义(P＞0.05),染毒各组精子畸形率普遍高于空白对照组,差别有统计学意义(P＜0.001),且随着染毒剂量的增加精子畸形率也有相应升高,呈现一定的剂量-反应关系(r=0.954,F=20.098,P＜0.05,R2=0.909).提示氟化钠能使雄性小鼠精子畸形率明显升高,具有一定的生殖毒性,能影响小鼠生殖功能,对小鼠生殖功能造成损害.     

氟化钠对雄性小鼠精子畸形的影响

为探讨氟化钠对雄性小鼠精子畸形的影响,选取50只成年雄性小鼠随机分为5组：氟化钠染毒高剂量组（34mg／kg）、中剂量组（17mg／kg）、低剂量组（8．5mg／kg）、环磷酰胺阳性对照组（50mg／kg）、生理盐水空白对照组,采用经口灌胃染毒,1次／d,连续5d,于首次染毒后的第35天颈椎脱臼将小鼠处死,取睾丸和附睾称质量,计算脏器系数;同时取附睾制片,观察精子形态,计数小鼠精子畸形率。结果表明,氟化钠染毒各组睾丸、附睾脏器系数与空白对照组比较,差别无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,染毒各组精子畸形率普遍高于空白对照组,差别有统计学意义（P〈0．001）,且随着染毒剂量的增加精子畸形率也有相应升高,呈现一定的剂量一反应关系（r=0．954,F=20．098,P〈0．05,R^2=0．909）。提示氟化钠能使雄性小鼠精子畸形率明显升高,具有一定的生殖毒性,能影响小鼠生殖功能,对小鼠生殖功能造成损害。     

混合稀土常乐对孕鼠胚胎细胞的DNA损伤作用

为评估农用稀土常乐对人体胚胎的影响, 采用微核试验和单细胞凝胶电泳技术检测混合稀土常乐能否通过胎盘屏障造成胎儿细胞DNA损伤.于雌鼠妊娠第六天开始染毒, 每天分别以0.3, 2, 5和20 mg*kg-1混合稀土常乐灌胃, 直至妊娠第18 d.结果显示: 除0.3 mg*kg-1剂量组外, 其他各剂量组微核细胞率显著高于对照组, 呈剂量-反应关系. 单细胞凝胶电泳结果显示, 随着染毒剂量的增加, 彗星细胞率增加, 也呈剂量-反应关系, 由此得出结论: 农用稀土常乐在2, 5和20 mg*kg-1剂量下可不同程度地通过胎盘屏障, 并引起胚胎肝细胞和多染红细胞DNA损伤.     

双(2-取代-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮)合铜(II)配合物的合成和降血糖作用

合成了双(2-取代-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮)合铜(II)配合物,采用元素分析、质谱、红外光谱、电子光谱、电子自旋共振谱表征了它们为平面正方型配合物,中心离子和配体的物质的量比为1∶2.在STZ-糖尿病小鼠模型上,其中双(2-乙基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮)合铜(II)在10mg/kg的剂量下灌胃给药,能增加血清胰岛素的合成和分泌、降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平,显示出良好的抗糖尿病的作用.该配合物毒性低,对正常小鼠灌胃给药的半数致死量LD50是855.9mg/kg.     

几种螯合剂解镍致小鼠胰脏毒作用比较

小鼠腹腔注射氯化镍溶液(5 mg Ni/kg)染毒，观察了N-苯甲基-D-葡糖氨基二硫代甲酸钠(BGD)、二乙氨基二硫代甲酸钠(DDTC)、二羟乙氨基二硫代甲酸钠(DHED)及meso-2，3-二巯基丁二酸钠(DMSA)等螯合剂对镍致小鼠胰脏毒性的解毒作用。镍染毒后引起小鼠胰脏胰蛋白酶活性升高和羧肽酶A活性降低以及组织中镍、钙、锌浓度增加；镍染毒30 min和24 h后进行各螯合剂治疗(剂量均为400 μmol/kg)，BGD、DDTC和DMSA可明显抑制上述变化，其中BGD解镍毒效果最好、自身毒性最小、对镍致小鼠胰脏毒性有更好的解毒作用。     

急性铅染毒对小鼠行为及脂质过氧化水平的影响

为了解急性铅染毒对小鼠行为及脂质过氧化水平的影响,并探讨两者关系,将48只ICR小鼠随机分为4组,低、中、高铅组小鼠分别予以醋酸铅2、10、50 mg/kg ip染毒,隔日1次,连续3次;对照组予以等量的生理盐水;染毒后作自发活动、Morris水迷宫测试,实验结束时测定血浆、脑匀浆MDA和T-SOD。结果表明,铅染毒小鼠易激惹、多动,逃避潜伏期显著延长(P<0.01)。血浆MDA、T-SOD和脑匀浆MDA明显增高(P<0.01),并与染铅剂量呈正线性相关(P<0.01)。但小鼠行为改变与脂质过氧化水平之间关系不明显。结论是急性铅染毒能够影响小鼠的行为,呈现激惹、多动及学习记忆能力减退;急性铅染毒能提高小鼠脂质过氧化水平,并可代偿性提高机体T-SOD活性,但脂质过氧化水平增高是否为急性铅中毒行为改变的机制之一尚有待进一步研究。     

双(2-取代-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮)合铜(II)配合物的合成和降血糖作用

合成了双(2-取代-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮)合铜(II)配合物, 采用元素分析、质谱、红外光谱、电子光谱、电子自旋共振谱表征了它们为平面正方型配合物, 中心离子和配体的物质的量比为1∶2. 在STZ-糖尿病小鼠模型上, 其中双(2-乙基-3-羟基-4-吡喃酮)合铜(II)在10 mg/kg的剂量下灌胃给药, 能增加血清胰岛素的合成和分泌、降低糖尿病小鼠的血糖水平, 显示出良好的抗糖尿病的作用. 该配合物毒性低, 对正常小鼠灌胃给药的半数致死量LD₅₀是855.9 mg/kg.     

亚慢性钐染毒对雄性小鼠精子质量的影响

为探讨稀土元素钐对雄性小鼠精子的毒性作用, 让5组小鼠自由饮用含硝酸钐0, 5, 50, 500, 2000 mg·L-1的溶液3个月后, 观察钐对小鼠精子活力、数量、畸形率及顶体完整率的影响. 结果表明: 各处理组精子活力、数量都有所降低, 其中2000 mg·L-1剂量组与对照组相比, 各指标值均有极显著差异(P《0.01); 50, 500, 2000 mg·L-1剂量组的精子畸形率与对照组相比也具有极显著差异(P《0.01), 且染毒剂量与精子总畸形率呈现出直线变化的剂量对数-效应关系. 因此精子畸形率可作为稀土元素钐作用于雄性生殖系统的标志指标; 各处理组的顶体完整率也均低于对照组. 说明亚慢性钐暴露对小鼠精子具有一定的毒性作用.     

菀葆牌硒蜜康对酒精性肝损伤保护作用的实验研究

为研究菀葆牌硒蜜康对小鼠酒精性肝损伤的保护作用,将动物随机分成溶剂对照组、溶剂模型组、蜂蜜对照组、蜂蜜模型组及低、中、高3个样品剂量组,共7组,每组10只,3个样品剂量组每天给予硒蜜康1667、3333、6667mg／（kg·d）,连续给予小鼠灌胃30d后,模型对照组和样品剂量组最后一次给予受试物后20min,按体质量计一次灌胃给予50％乙醇10mL／kg,对照组给双蒸水,禁食12h后处死,取动物肝脏,测定肝匀浆液MDA、GSH、TG含量;肝脏冰冻切片,进行病理组织学检查。结果表明,与蜂蜜模型组比较,中、低剂量组的GSH含量升高,各剂量组的TG含量降低,各剂量组冰冻病理学组织切片观察到脂肪变性评分低于模型对照组,差异均有显著性。可见菀葆牌硒蜜康对酒精性肝损伤具有辅助保护作用。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。     

Synthesis of phenolic components of Grains of Paradise

Two vanilloids, (5E)-8-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)oct-5-en-4-one (1) and 4-[3-hydroxydecyl]-2-methoxyphenol (2), isolated from the dried seeds of Grains of Paradise (Aframomum melegueta), were synthesized; the latter compound was made as the S-enantiomer and the material derived from the seeds was found to be a 1:1.7 mixture of the R and S isomers. The synthetic route used should allow the preparation of analogs having extended alkyl chains and consequently different lipophilicity, and 3, a homolog of 2, was also prepared.     

恶臭嗅辨实验室建设探讨

针对恶臭测试的环境影响问题,提出了解决的实例方案,并对方案的要点及优缺点进行讨论,此方案在实际操作中具有较好的效果。     

Summary of development of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films

In this review, the research of the author in the field of colloidal systems is summarized. The factors influencing colloidal stability are systematized and analyzed. Examples are presented to illustrate the practical utilization of the theory of stability of colloids and thin films.This review was prepared on the basis of the works of the author, which were awarded the State Premium for 1991 in the field of science and technology, chemistry section.Institute of Physical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117915 Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk, Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 8, pp. 1708–1717, August, 1992.     

Study of hydration of two cements of different strengths

Main hydration products of two cement pastes, i.e. CSH-gel, portlandite (P) (and specific surface S) were studied by static heating, and by SEM, TEM and XRD, as a function of cement strength (C-33 and C-43) hydration time (th) and subsequent hydration in water vapour.Total change in mass on hydration and air drying, M_o, increased with strength of cement paste and with hydration time. Content of water escaping at 110 to 220°C, defined as water bound with low energy, mainly interlayer and hydrate water, was independent on cement strength but its content increased with (th). Content of chemically bound (zeolitic) water in CSH-gel, escaping at 220-400°C, was slightly dependent on strength and increased with (th). It was possibly derived from the dehydroxylation of CSH-gel and AFm phase. Portlandite water, escaping at 400-500°C, was independent on cement strength and was higher on longer hydration. Large P crystals were formed in the weaker cement paste C-33. Smaller crystals were formed in C-43 but they increased with (th). Carbonate formated on contact with air (calcite, vaterite and aragonite), decomposed in cement at 600-700^oC. It was high in pastes C-33(1 month) and C-43(1 month), i.e. 5.7 and 3.3%, respectively; it was less than 1% after 6 hydration months (low sensitivity to carbonation) in agreement with the XRD study showing carbonates in the air dry paste (1month), and its absence on prolonged hydration (6 months) and on acetone treatment. Water vapour treatment of (6 months) pastes or wetting-drying increased this sensitivity.Nanosized P-crystals, detected by TEM, could contribute to the cement strength; carbonate was observed on the rims of gel clusters.This revised version was published online in November 2005 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

解决能源问题的新途径——光解水制氢的研究

面对日益枯竭的能源危机,氢能是一种洁净、最有前景的替代能源。目前在各种制氢的方法中光催化分解水制氢的研究最多,光解水过程中催化剂最关键,本文对利用太阳能光解水的途径、提高光催化反应效率以及光催化剂的开发研究进行了综述。     

黄酮化合物的合成研究进展

黄酮化合物是一类具有多种生物活性的天然产物,其经典的合成方法主要为查耳酮路线和β-丙二酮路线.近年来出现了许多新技术、新方法.本文介绍了2'-羟基查尔酮的氧化关环法、黄烷酮氧化法、改进的Baker-Venkataraman法及其他合成黄酮化合物的方法.