毛细管气相色谱法分离2-苯基羧酸酯对映体

手性2-芳基羧酸酯是制备手性非甾体抗炎药物2-芳基羧酸的重要的中间体,为了建立可用于2-苯基羧酸酯对映体分离的手性毛细管气相色谱法(CGC),分别使用2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精及2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精作毛细管气相色谱手性固定相,研究了其对2-苯基丁酸甲酯、2-苯基丁酸乙酯、2-苯基丁酸异丙酯、2-苯基丙酸甲酯及2-苯基丙酸环戊酯等5种2-苯基羧酸酯对映体的分离能力。结果表明,用2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精及2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精作手性固定相的毛细管气相色谱法可以分离2-苯基丁酸甲酯、2-苯基丙酸甲酯和2-苯基丙酸环戊酯对映体。2,6-二-O-戊基-3-O-丁酰基-β-环糊精对3种2-苯基羧酸酯对映体的分离能力超过了2,6-二-O-苄基-3-O-庚酰基-β-环糊精。     

模拟移动床色谱法拆分甲霜灵对映体

模拟移动床(SMB)色谱作为一种精确、高效的制备色谱技术引起研究者的极大关注。本文以EnantioPak OD填料为手性固定相,正己烷-乙醇(70 : 30, v/v)为流动相,在四区模拟移动床上手性拆分甲霜灵外消旋体。采用旋光检测器研究甲霜灵异构体在手性柱上的洗脱顺序;探讨进样浓度、进样流速、各区流速和切换时间等条件对手性分离甲霜灵外消旋体的影响,并与制备色谱进行比较。结果表明:S-(+)-甲霜灵先于R-(-)-甲霜灵被流动相洗脱,R-(-)-甲霜灵在色谱柱上的保留强于S-(+)-甲霜灵;在线性和非线性条件下,模拟移动床都能很好地拆分甲霜灵外消旋体,在优化SMB工艺条件下,S-(+)-甲霜灵和R-(-)-甲霜灵的光学纯度都大于99%;在样品质量浓度为15 mg/mL的条件下,模拟移动床色谱分离的样品量显著高于制备色谱,而流动相消耗仅为后者的1/9。这对于发展大规模色谱拆分甲霜灵工艺具有良好的指导意义。     

全二维液相色谱串联质谱用于银杏叶提取物成分分析的研究

建立了全二维液相色谱串联质谱分离分析模式,将质脂体色谱柱和ODS反相色谱柱作为二维分析色谱柱,二者通过一个连有两个0.5 mL定量环的八通阀耦联。质脂体色谱柱上的馏分在反相色谱柱上分离后,直接进入紫外-检测器,然后经分流器分流后进入大气压电离质谱。将该体系用于银杏叶提取物的组成研究,共检测到至少41个组分,结合紫外-可见光谱和质谱信息,其中13个组分初步鉴定为银杏内酯B、银杏内酯C、白果内酯、槲皮素芸香糖苷、槲皮素、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖基(1-2)-α-L-鼠李糖苷、槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、异鼠李素、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖基(1-2)-α-L-鼠李糖苷、异鼠李素-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷、山柰酚-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷、山柰酚和山柰酚-3-O-β-D-芸香糖苷。     

κ-卡拉胶寡糖AEC柱前衍生物的LC-ESI-MS/MSn分离分析

以κ-卡拉胶为原料, 经盐酸水解得到一系列寡糖混合物. 以3-氨基-9-乙基咔唑(3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole, AEC)为衍生化试剂, 对酸解得到的κ-卡拉胶寡糖进行柱前衍生, 采用反相C₁₈色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), 乙腈和乙酸铵水溶液(pH 4.5)为流动相, 梯度洗脱, 在254 nm波长处检测, 建立了κ-卡拉胶寡糖衍生物的高效液相色谱(HPLC)分离以及液相色谱-电喷雾质谱联用(LC-ESI-MS)分离分析的方法, 并对AEC衍生后的κ-卡拉胶寡糖进行多级质谱裂解(MSⁿ), 进一步获得了κ-卡拉胶寡糖的结构信息. 该方法对κ-卡拉胶寡糖的结构分析、构效关系等方面的研究有参考价值.     

用制备型高效液相色谱分离石油亚砜的馏分

用经典硅胶柱色谱法对石油亚砜 (PSO)进行预分离。PSO被分成 4个馏分 (分别记为PSO1,PSO2 ,PSO3和PSO4)。所用的流动相及洗脱顺序 :苯、二氯甲烷、甲醇 二氯甲烷 (1∶1体积比 )、甲醇。经预分离后 ,PSO中的亚砜成分主要富集在馏分PSO3和PSO2中。用高效制备液相色谱法对这两馏分作进一步的分离和纯化。PSO2的色谱条件是 :色谱柱 μ BondapakC1 85 7mm× 30 0mm ;流动相为二氯甲烷、环己烷、甲醇混合液 ,收集经纯化后的组分PSO2g2 2 ;PSO3被分离为 7个馏分 ,其色谱条件为 :色谱柱μ BondapakC1 85 7mm× 30 0mm ;流动相为 70 %～ 10 0 %甲醇 水 ;梯度洗脱其流量为 80mL min ;进样量为80mL 次 (PSO3用 70 %甲醇 水稀释 10倍 )。取其中较纯的馏分PSO3c ,PSO3e ,PSO3g作进一步的色谱纯化 ,色谱条件为C1 8半制备色谱柱 7.8mm× 30 0mm ;流速 :2 0mL min ;流动相 :甲醇 水 70∶ 30 ,V/V(PSO3c)″80∶2 0 ,V V(PSO3e) ;85∶15 ,V V(PSO3g) ;检测器UV 2 5 4nm     

在线提取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测-四极杆飞行时间质谱法快速鉴定陈皮中黄酮类化合物

建立了简便、高效的在线提取-高效液相色谱-二极管阵列-四极杆飞行时间质谱法（OLE-HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS）快速提取和分离鉴定陈皮中黄酮类化合物。在线提取体系中,将填有陈皮粉末样品（2.0 mg）的固相萃取小柱取代样品环连接在手动进样阀上,样品直接被流动相提取并进入HPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS系统分析,无需额外的样品前处理步骤。与传统的溶剂回流提取法相比,在线提取法具有较高的提取率。通过分析化合物的紫外谱图、色谱保留时间和质谱信息,共鉴定出24种黄酮类化合物,其中新圣草次苷、柠檬黄素-3-O-（3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酸）-葡萄糖苷及其异构体首次在陈皮中报道。建立的方法为中药复杂体系中活性成分的快速分离鉴定提供了新的研究思路。     

高效液相色谱手性流动相添加法拆分阿卓乳酸对映体

采用C₁₈反相色谱柱,以磺丁基醚-β-环糊精（SBE-β-CD）作为手性流动相添加剂,建立了阿卓乳酸对映体的高效液相色谱拆分方法。考察了环糊精衍生物类型、手性添加剂浓度、流动相pH、流速和柱温对手性分离的影响,同时探讨了高效液相色谱采用磺丁基醚-β-环糊精分离阿卓乳酸对映体的分离机制及包结常数,确定了色谱条件为YMC-Pack ODS-A C₁₈色谱柱（250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）,流动相为含25 mmol/LSBE-β-CD的0.1 mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液（pH 2.68）-乙腈（90：10,v/v）,流速为0.6 mL/min,柱温为30 ℃,紫外检测波长为220 nm。对映体的保留时间分别为26.65和28.28 min,分离度为1.68。本方法分离度好,简便易行,且比使用手性固定相分离更加经济。     

二维液相色谱分离及鉴定滁菊中的多酚类化合物

将Lichrospher diol-5亲水柱和Cortecs C18+反相柱组合,构建了亲水/反相二维液相色谱系统(HILIC/RPLC),理论峰容量为1 117。采用表面积覆盖法定量计算该系统分离多酚类化合物的正交性指数SCG为0.56,表明二维柱系统有着良好的峰分辨率和正交性。利用该系统对滁菊样品甲醇提取液中的多酚进行分离和鉴定,在二维空间中分离得到23个物质的色谱峰,通过对比标准样品和滁菊样品的保留时间和紫外吸收光谱,鉴定出13种多酚类物质,包括芹菜素、香叶木素、金合欢素、金合欢素-7-O-葡糖苷、绿原酸、异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷、香叶木素-7-O-葡糖苷、金合欢素-7-O-芸香苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷、槲皮素苷、异绿原酸A、异绿原酸B、芹菜苷。首次发现滁菊中含有异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷、金合欢素-7-O-芸香苷、圣草酚-7-O-葡糖苷、芹菜苷等多酚类化合物。其中,异鼠李素-3-O-葡糖苷首次发现存在于菊属植物中。     

石油亚砜馏分的色谱法分离

用经典硅胶柱色谱法将石油亚砜ＰＳＯ分离为４个馏分,对其中的第３个馏分进行了高效制备液相色谱的分离制备。通过大量的试验,建立了较好的色谱条件：以甲醇、水混合液为流动相,以Ｃ_（１８）反相柱为固定相,把ＰＳＯ３分离成７个不同的馏分。对其中的两个馏分ＰＳＯ３_ｃ和ＰＳＯ３_ｅ作进一步的色谱分离和纯化后,获得较纯的亚砜馏分,用作结构分析和性能研究。     

全二维液相色谱的初步构建及其在山羊血清分离中的应用

以GFC/RP模式构建全二维液相色谱系统,第一维凝胶过滤色谱柱使用ShodexProteinKW 802. 5(300mm×8mmi.d. ),以0. 2mol/LNaH2PO4 (pH7. 0)的流动相在0. 15mL/min的流速下等度洗脱,第二维反相色谱柱使用HypersilBDSC18 (35mm×4. 6mmi.d. ),在3mL/min的流速下梯度洗脱。采用平行柱交替分析的形式作切换接口, 2. 5min切换一次,两个反相柱交替富集、分析第一维洗脱产物。以5个标准蛋白混合物的分离评价该系统,在单独一维模式中不能分离的样品在全二维液相色谱中得到了较好的分离,二维系统的总峰容量为225。与一维色谱相比,系统的总峰容量、分辨率得到较大提高。并用于山羊血清的纯化分析,对一维分离中的重合谱峰进行验证,对制备纯化有一定的实际意义。     

Preparative argentation reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography

In this study, a preparative chromatography method named preparative argentation reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (Ag-RP-HPLC) was developed by adding silver ion to the mobile phase of preparative HPLC. Firstly, an analytical Ag-RP-HPLC method was developed, and the effects of silver content and acid content in the mobile phase on the column efficiency were studied. Based on the method of linear amplification, a preparative Ag-RP-HPLC technique with optimized separation conditions was developed. The new technique was applied successfully to the separation of the unsaturated aliphatic acid amide isomers contained in Asarum forbesii Maxim. Compared with the commonly used technique of argentation normal phase chromatography, this method with little solvent consumption is simple, fast, efficient, and flexible for the isolation and purification of the unsaturated compounds.     

Closed-Loop Recycling Dual-Mode Counter-Current Chromatography with Specified Sample Loading Durations: Modeling of Preparative and Industrial-Scale Separations

We previously reported on a new counter-current chromatography (CCC) operating mode called closed-loop recycling dual-mode counter-current chromatography (CLR DM CCC), which incorporates the advantages of closed-loop recycling (CLR) and dual-mode (DM) counter-current chromatography and includes sequential separation of compounds in the closed-loop recycling mode with the mobile x-phase and in the inverted-phase counter-current mode with the mobile y-phase. The theoretical analysis of several implementations of this separation method was carried out under impulse sample injection conditions. This study is dedicated to the further development of CLR DM CCC theory applied to preparative and industrial separations, where high-throughput operation is required. Large sample volumes can be loaded via continuous loading within a specified time. To simulate CLR DM CCC separations with specified sample loading durations, equations are developed and presented in “Mathcad” software.     

Chemical diversity of Ziziphora clinopodioides: composition of the essential oil of Z. clinopodioides from Tajikistan

The chemical composition of the essential oils of Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. from the aerial flowering parts, collected during two different years, were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry. Forty-five components representing 100% and 94.7% of the total oil were identified. The main constituents of the essential oils were pulegone (72.8 and 35.0%), neomenthol (6.5 and 23.1%), menthone (6.2 and 13.3%), p-menth-3-en-8-ol (1.7 and 3.5%), piperitenone (2.6 and 1.1%) and piperitone (0.7 and 1.2%). A cluster analysis was carried out on the essential oil compositions of Z. clinopodioides.     

多维液相色谱-质谱用于酶解猪血蛋白中活性肽的研究

以强阳离子交换柱（SCX）为一维色谱柱,反相柱（RP）为二维色谱柱,采用在线捕集接口形式,通过10通阀连接一、二维色谱柱,构建了二维液相色谱分离系统。将该系统用于酶解猪血蛋白中对血管紧缩素Ⅰ转移酶（ACE）具有活性抑制作用的肽进行分离、鉴定,共检测出104个组分。收集一维馏分,离线注入LC—MS,鉴定出其中含有SAL、DKF、ESF、STVL及FESF5个小肽。     

IEX/RP二维液相色谱中弱保留组分收集模式的构建及系统评价

以十通阀和捕集柱接口形式,构建了弱阴离子交换/反相(WAX/RP)二维液相色谱分离系统.通过将第一维离子交换色谱分析中的前部集中洗脱出的弱保留组分收集后单独分析,剩余样品进一步采用二维液相色谱分析,可以有效避免第二维色谱柱对特殊样品局部集中流出导致的第二维分离超柱容量问题,提高了系统的整体分离能力.使用4种蛋白胰蛋白酶酶解后的多肽样品评价该系统,在不分流的系统中共检测到115个峰.对第一维分离的前15 min分流后得到的组分单独分析,共识别出58个峰,后续的二维分离中共得到78个峰.2种方法相比,第二种方法检测峰数增加了21个,一些低丰度的组分在弱保留组分收集后被识别.     

正相模式/反相模式的二维液相色谱系统的构建与应用

以4.6mm×50 mm i. d.的Hypersil SiO2正相色谱柱为第一维,4.6mm×250 mm i. d.的Kromasil C18反相色谱柱为第二维,通过升高第二维色谱温度的方法增加两维流动相间互溶性的方法构建了定量环-阀切换接口的二维液相色谱系统(NPLC×RPLC)。根据有机溶剂的特征,在第一维正相色谱流动相中加入二氧六环;第二维反相色谱流动相中加入异丙醇,在改善流动相兼容性的同时,有效调整分离选择性。采用此系统对正天丸样品进行分离分析,达到1120的峰容量。     

Comparison of Micellar and Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography for Determination of Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim

A simple, sensitive, and precise micellar liquid chromatographic method for simultaneous analysis of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, with ultraviolet detection at 245 nm, has been developed, validated, and used for determination of the compounds in commercial pharmaceutical products. The compounds were well separated on a Hypersil ODS reversed-phase column at 35°C by use of a mobile phase consisting of 0.1M sodium dodecyl sulfate in a 2:98 (V/V) mixture of 1-butanol and pH 3.0 phosphate buffer solution at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min^?1. A comparative study of the performance of reversed-phase liquid chromatography with aqueous-organic or micellar-organic mobile phases for separation of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is reported. The study showed that micellar liquid chromatography (MLC) and reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RP HPLC) are of similar efficiency, sensitivity, and selectivity for determination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim.     

Characterization of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) using comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography

Various hydroxyl-propylmethylcellulose (HPMC) polymers were characterized according to size and compositional distributions (percentage of methoxyl and hydroxyl-propoxyl substitution) by means of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) using reversed-phase (RP) liquid chromatography in the first dimension and aqueous size-exclusion chromatography (aq-SEC) in the second dimension. RP separation was carried out in gradient-elution mode applying 0.05% TFA in water and 1-propanol, while 0.05% TFA in water was used as mobile phase in aqueous SEC. A two-position ten-port switching valve equipped with two storage loops was used to realize LC×LC. Detection of HPMC was accomplished by charged-aerosol detection (CAD). Data processing to visualize chromatograms was carried out using Matlab software. The significant influence of the LC×LC temperature on (the retention of) HPMC was studied using a column oven which allowed accurate temperature control. Due to the phenomenon of thermal gelation, which is a result of methyl and hydroxypropyl substitution of anhydroglucose units from the cellulose backbone, we were able to obtain additional, specific information on compositional characteristics of various HPMC samples. As the retention behaviour of gelated and non-gelated polymer proved to be different, the fraction of the polymer that is gelated in the chromatographic column could be monitored at different temperatures. Moreover, the temperature at which half of the polymer is gelated could be correlated with the cloud-point temperature. As a result, differences in inherent cloud points of modified cellulose can be used as a further distinguishing property in "temperature-responsive" LC×LC.     

Ion-pair Reversed-phase×Low-pH Reversed-phase Two-dimensional Liquid Chromatography for In-depth Proteomic Profiling

High-resolution liquid chromatography separation is essential to in-depth proteomic profiling of complex biological samples. Herein, we established an ion-pair reversed-phase×reversed-phase two-dimensional liquid chromatography (IPRP×RP 2DLC) strategy for comprehensive proteomic analysis. Both RPLC separation dimensions were performed at low pH, with trifluoroacetic acid(TFA) and formic acid(FA) as mobile phase addictive, respectively. As the good separation resolution offered by ion-pairing effect of TFA, the fractionation efficiency was greatly improved with 74.0% peptides identified in just one fraction. Comparing with conventional high pH RP fractionation, the overall separation rate of IPRP was about 1.6 times that of high-pH RP, which increased the number of identified peptides by 21%. Further, 2169 proteins and 8540 peptides were confidently identified from crude serum sample by our IPRP×RP 2DLC strategy, exhibiting great potential in clinical proteomics in the future.     

Purification of flavonoids from licorice using an off‐line preparative two‐dimensional normal‐phase liquid chromatography/reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method

An orthogonal (71.9%) off‐line preparative two‐dimensional normal‐phase liquid chromatography/reversed‐phase liquid chromatography method coupled with effective sample pretreatment was developed for separation and purification of flavonoids from licorice. Most of the nonflavonoids were firstly removed using a self‐made Click TE‐Cys (60 μm) solid‐phase extraction. In the first dimension, an industrial grade preparative chromatography was employed to purify the crude flavonoids. Click TE‐Cys (10 μm) was selected as the stationary phase that provided an excellent separation with high reproducibility. Ethyl acetate/ethanol was selected as the mobile phase owing to their excellent solubility for flavonoids. Flavonoids co‐eluted in the first dimension were selected for further purification using reversed‐phase liquid chromatography. Multiple compounds could be isolated from one normal‐phase fraction and some compounds with bad resolution in one‐dimensional liquid chromatography could be prepared in this two‐dimensional system owing to the orthogonal separation. Moreover, this two‐dimensional liquid chromatography method was beneficial for the preparation of relatively trace flavonoid compounds, which were enriched in the first dimension and further purified in the second dimension. Totally, 24 flavonoid compounds with high purity were obtained. The results demonstrated that the off‐line two‐dimensional liquid chromatography method was effective for the preparative separation and purification of flavonoids from licorice.