Plasma modelisation and control for laser dismantling

Laser dismantling has been investigated for many years in several laboratories including the Photonics Systems Laboratory. However, until recently, material processing with high-power laser beams was not seriously considered as an acceptable alternative for nuclear power plant dismantling. Our laser dismantling approach associates optical technologies and target plasma modelization and control. In previous papers, we have reported on innovative digital diffractive engineering used for adapted light concentration. In this paper we introduce the plasma modelisation and control for which laser cutting at long distance without assist gas is now possible. We discuss the basic model that we have taken into account and we describe the mechanisms of laser material interaction with plasma formation that we have to deal with to optimise a laser dismantling process. We conclude with a discussion of optimized laser parameters to be used for efficient laser dismantling.     

Assignment of Fir Laser Lines of Fully Deuterated Dichloromethane

We have recently reported 16 new far-infrared laser emissions of CD₂Cl₂. While the overwhelming majority of the previously known FIR laser emissions of this molecule were polarized parallel to the polarization of the pump CO₂ line, 13 of our 16 new lines are polarized perpendicularly to the exciting CO₂ radiation. In principle, the presence of perpendicular/parallel emission pairs is extremely important for the assignment of laser transitions. In the present work we discuss the possible assignments of 16 far-infrared (FIR) laser emission pairs of CD₂Cl₂.     

In-process high power CO2 laser beam position sensing

The case for in-process sensing is one of the strengths of laser materials processing, both in the variety of signals obtainable from the process and the range of techniques for beam guidance. It is known that beam/nozzle alignment is of importance for high quality laser cutting. Thus, an in-process beam position sensing system was devised in this study as one of the potential tools for automation of the cutting process. Further, if the beam could be stabilized at a given location automatically this would be equivalent to relocating the laser beam. Laser beam position sensing is the first step towards this goal. The aim of this study is to create a beam position sensing system. This work presents a new approach using a rotating slit, a focusing lens and a photodetector. An automatic alignment procedure is also investigated.     

医用3μm与2μm级联振荡钬光纤激光器的工作原理与初步设计

分析了医用3μm与2μm级联振荡Ho³⁺:ZBLAN光纤激光器的工作原理,首次给出了1.1μm带泵浦下级联振荡Ho³⁺:ZBLAN光纤激光器的动态及稳态速率方程,最后给出了级联振荡Ho³⁺:ZBLAN光纤激光器的初步设计.     

Lasing of a single crystal Nd fluoride fiber

We present laser action in a single crystal fluoride fiber obtained by the micro-pulling-down technique. The 700 μm diameter and 1 cm long Nd:LiYF₄ fiber was pumped by a beam shaped diode bar emitting at 806 nm. A peak power of 300 mW was achieved with a slope efficiency of 12%. When considering the pump power fraction absorbed by the laser mode, a slope efficiency of 37% was achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a Nd: LiYF₄ fiber laser.     

利用输出功率测量激光二极管端面抽运的固体激光器热透镜焦距

运用谐振腔变换圆理论,详细分析了激光二极管抽运的Nd:YVO4平行平面腔固体激光器振荡光在晶体内的基模光斑半径随抽运功率变化的U形曲线.提出在适当腔长情况下激光器的输出功率随抽运功率变化曲线上将出现凹陷或尖峰现象,利用曲线上的凹陷和尖峰可以测量激光晶体的热透镜焦距.同时在理论分析的基础上进行了实验,实验结果与理论分析相符合 关键词： Nd:YVO4 热透镜焦距 固体激光器 谐振腔变换圆     

High power 1.3414 μm Nd:YAP cw laser

The eigen-oscillation mode of the Nd:YAP cw laser has been analysed. The influence of thermal effects arising from the pumping process on the output character of the 1.3414 μm Nd:YAP cw laser has been discussed. The crack problem of the reflective film at a 1.34 μm dielectric mirror has been solved. Based on the aforementioned work, we have been able to achieve an 82.8 W laser output at 1.3414 μm with a nearly polarized beam from a 5.8 mm diameter by 111 mm Nd:YAP rod. The overall efficiency and the slope efficiency are 1.15% and 2.02% respectively, and the fluctuation of the output power at 62 W is less than 1% during continuous operation for 45 min.     

Comparative theoretical analysis of continuous wave laser cutting of metals at 1 and 10 μm wavelength

We present a derivation and, based on it, an extension of a model originally proposed by V.G. Niziev to describe continuous wave laser cutting of metals. Starting from a local energy balance and by incorporating heat removal through heat conduction to the bulk material, we find a differential equation for the cutting profile. This equation is solved numerically and yields, besides the cutting profiles, the maximum cutting speed, the absorptivity profiles, and other relevant quantities. Our main goal is to demonstrate the model’s capability to explain some of the experimentally observed differences between laser cutting at around 1 and 10 μm wavelengths. To compare our numerical results to experimental observations, we perform simulations for exactly the same material and laser beam parameters as those used in a recent comparative experimental study. Generally, we find good agreement between theoretical and experimental results and show that the main differences between laser cutting with 1- and 10-μm beams arise from the different absorptivity profiles and absorbed intensities. Especially the latter suggests that the energy transfer, and thus the laser cutting process, is more efficient in the case of laser cutting with 1-μm beams.     

19飞秒激光脉冲的产生与测量

本文介绍产生19飞秒激光脉冲的被动锁模四棱镜补偿群速度分散的环型染料激光器的特点;讨论了二次谐波强度自相关法和二次谐波干涉自相关法。用该激光器产生的超短而高稳定的光源对同步扫描条纹相管作了评价。     

An optimal process of femtosecond laser cutting of NiTi shape memory alloy for fabrication of miniature devices

The mechanical properties of NiTi shape memory alloy (SMA) components are sensitive to thermal influence during laser machining. To make the femtosecond laser cutting of NiTi material meet the strict fabrication requirements for miniature SMA devices with high precision, complex patterns and minimal heat affected zone (HAZ) along with high throughput, we report an optimal process of sideways-movement path planning in this article. Femtosecond laser processing of NiTi SMA using the fundamental wavelength of 775 nm from a Ti:sapphire laser along with its second and third harmonic irradiations were systematically investigated. We observed that the main impact of ultrashort laser pulse induced air breakdown on materials processing was beam widening. The laser beam at fundamental wavelength suffered less widening than its harmonic wavelengths. Femtosecond laser machining of metals is still basically a thermal mechanism. High ablation rates at higher laser fluences causes significant recast formation, while lower fluences resulted in better cutting quality at the expense of efficiency. The optimal process involving the method of sideways-movement path planning enables recast-free high-precision features at higher laser fluences with better throughput.     

Development of high-repetition-rate LD pumped Nd:YAG laser and its application

High-average-power and high-energy lasers with good beam quality are fundamental tools for pumping high-peak and high-average-power ultrafast Ti:sapphire laser systems. Laser-diode (LD) pumped solid slate lasers with phase conjugation offer a unique combination of efficiency, reliability, and compactness. We present the design details and performance characteristics of a 360-W 1-kHz LD pumped Nd:YAG phase-conjugated laser. We also discuss the basic design aspects and present our preliminary experimental investigations on ultrashort-pulse laser systems.     

Experiment Research on a Highly Stable LD-pumped Solid State Laser

In high power laser systems, the stability of the seed laser is vitally important. This paper presents the work on the design and manufacture of a highly stable LD pumped solid state seed laser which has the advantages of being all solid state, compact, easy to manufacture and low cost. The laser was composed of two parts. One was an LD pumped 0.5 mm thin Nd: YLF laser system in which the instability was around±6% (3σ). The other was a close-looped laser power control system using external cavity power feedback. Using an electro-optic modulator, a 1×2 optical fiber splitter and a signal processing circuit, we successfully realized the highly stable LD pumped Nd: YLF laser in which the instability of laser output power was lower than±0.2 %/hour (3σ). A digital PID (Proportion, Integration and Differentiation) control method was used with a control frequency of 40 kHz. The 3 mW of highly stable laser power through the optical fiber was obtained.     

Experiment Research on a Highly Stable LD-pumped Solid State Laser

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Diode-pumped laser performance of Tm:Sc_2SiO_5 crystal at 1971 nm

The 4-at.% Tm:Sc_2SiO_5 (Tm:SSO) crystal is successfully obtained by the Czochralski method. The optical properties and thermal conductivity of the crystal are investigated. The broad continuous wave(CW) laser output of(100)-cut Tm:SSO with the dimensions of 3 mm×3 mm×3 mm under laser diode(LD)-pumping is realized. The full width at half maximum(FWHM) of the laser emitting reaches up to 21 nm. The laser threshold of Tm:SSO is measured to be 0.43 W. Efficient diode-pumped CW laser performance of Tm:SSO is demonstrated with a slope efficiency of 25.9% and maximum output power of 934 mW.     

带有非吸收窗口的高性能InGaAs/AlGaAs量子阱激光二极管

为了解决限制近红外单发射区InGaAs/AlGaAs量子阱半导体激光二极管失效阈值功率提升的腔面光学灾变损伤问题,研制了一种带有Si杂质诱导量子阱混杂非吸收窗口的新型激光二极管,并对其性能进行了测试分析.首先,对于带有非吸收窗口的二极管,在其谐振腔上方前后腔面附近的窗口区域覆盖50 nm Si/100 nm SiO2组...     

Tm3+:Ho3+共掺石英光纤激光器的实验研究

用铥钬共掺石英光纤,在钛宝石激光泵浦下,获得了波长为1870 nm、最大功率为240 mW的单模激光输出,斜率效率接近31％这是目前用该类光纤获得的最高转换效率研究了输出激光功率、输出光谱随泵浦功率、激活光纤长度的变化关系,并对相应结果进行了分析     

Laser diode-array pumped Nd:YAlO_3 CW laser at 1079.5nm and 1341.4nm

Two key problems,spectral matching and spatial overlap between pumpingbeam and the laser mode in the active material,of diode-laser-arrays(LD)end-pumped solid-state laser have been discussed.Initial experimental results were given for LD end-pumpedTEM_(00) CW Nd:YAlO_3 laser at the wavelength of 1079.5nm and 1341.4nm.The outputpower at 1079.5nm is 24.4mW with 14.5％ slope efficiency,and the output power is 1.2mW at 1341.4nm.     

激光二极管泵浦Nd：FAP激光器

报道激光二极管泵浦的掺钕氟磷酸钙固体激光器，该器件在重复频率为１００Ｈｚ的准连续状态下运行，当耦合输出透过率为８％时，得到３１％的斜效率，比较了ＦＡＰ和ＹＡＧ这两种介质的激光器的性能，理论分析得出的两者的阈值泵浦功率的相对值与实验结果相一致，并证实ＦＡＰ是一种有前途的适合激光二极管泵浦的激光介质。     

Helicopter blade tracking by laser light

A new helicopter rotor blade tracking method based on the diffuse reflection of laser light is presented. The blade tip paths are marked by bright flashes of laser light reflected on the running blades. The flashes are detected by a television camera and after appropriate digital processing displayed on a tv monitor. The method offers an exceptional accuracy of about 1 mm and very good reproducibility.     

窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的理论模型和数值分析

窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器在非线性频率变换、遥感探测和量子信息等领域有广泛的应用前景.综合考虑受激拉曼散射(stimulated Raman scattering,SRS)、受激布里渊散射(stimulated Brillouin scattering,SBS)、自相位调制(self-phase modulation)和交叉相位调制(cross-phase modulation)等非线性效应,建立了窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的非线性动力学模型.仿真分析了放大器中脉冲激光的时频演化特性,对比研究了抽运脉冲宽度、光纤长度和信号光功率等因素对放大器性能的影响.研究发现,上述因素会影响放大器的SRS阈值、SBS阈值、输出激光线宽、激光转换效率等.例如,当脉冲宽度为800 ns时,SBS随着抽运功率的增加而发生,限制了激光功率的提升;减短抽运脉宽可以抑制SBS,但是输出激光的线宽易于展宽到数百MHz以上;增加光纤长度可以获得更低的SRS阈值和更高的转换效率,但是SBS效应和光谱展宽程度也随之增强.系统搭建中需要平衡各非线性效应,选择合适的系统参数.研究内容可以为窄线宽纳秒脉冲光纤拉曼放大器的设计搭建提供参考.