二氧化硫使品红溶液褪色的实验与理论研究

二氧化硫使品红溶液褪色是高中化学课本中的一个典型实验。从实验的角度探究了二氧化硫使碱性品红褪色的机理,另一方面,采用Gaussian 09和GaussView 5.09以及辅助量化软件Multiwfn 3.3.9计算碱性品红、SO2、HSO3-和SO32-的空间结构、电荷分布、前线轨道对称性、前线轨道能量、前线轨道各原子贡献,以及从能量角度详细探讨了二氧化硫与碱性品红褪色的机理,提出了SO2、HSO3-、SO32-使碱性品红褪色的容易程度是SO2 < HSO3- < SO32-,并呈现了二氧化硫使碱性品红溶液褪色的化学反应方程式。     

使品红溶液褪色的三个实验

现行初三《化学》课本第四章第二节指出氯气具有漂白性;高一课本第一章第二节又详细介绍了二氧化硫气体使品红溶液褪色的实验;第六章第二节中又指出活性炭和木炭也能脱色。为了区别氯气、二氧化硫和活性炭的漂白,在教学时可增做下列实验： 【实验1】在碱性品红溶液里通入氯气,片刻红色溶液褪为浅黄色或无色,加热退色后的溶液,无明显变化。也可以在品红溶液里加入新制备的氯水,会得到同样的结果。     

比品红溶液更灵敏的检验二氧化硫的试剂

品红溶液与二氧化硫反应,在微型实验中,灵敏性不是很理想,二氧化硫用量较多。依据绿色化学思想,寻找一种灵敏性更好的试剂替代品红溶液,以便学生进行分组探究实验。经过多次实验证实,酸性桃花汁是一种比品红溶液颜色鲜艳且灵敏的试剂,解决了相应的问题,并且其本身具有很高的观赏价值与应用推广价值。     

二氧化硫系列演示实验的设计

二氧化硫具有漂白性、还原性、氧化性以及其水溶液具有酸性。在化学教学中 ,一般的演示方法存在如下不足 :(1)药品用量多 ,造成浪费。 (2 )使用仪器多 ,装置冗杂 ,操作麻烦。 (3)实验时间长 ,影响教学进程。 (4)实验过程中有二氧化硫、硫化氢气体逸散 ,造成教学环境污染 ,影响师生健康。下面介绍笔者自己设计的一种密闭式二氧化硫系列演示实验装置及其操作步骤。1　实验用品无水亚硫酸钠、浓硫酸、0 1%品红溶液、1%高锰酸钾的酸性溶液、30 %硫化钠溶液、5 %氢氧化钠溶液、蓝色石蕊试纸、滤纸条、脱脂棉、2 0× 2 0 0ｍｍ大试管、球形干燥管…     

二氧化硫性质实验改进

二氧化硫具有酸性氧化物的通性、还原性、氧化性和漂白性,这些性质在新课讲授中都要通过实验验证,因为二氧化硫以及相关药品有毒,实验过程中很容易造成教室环境污染,影响学生的身体健康,鉴于此,我对二氧化硫性质实验进行了改进,取得了很好的效果.     

探究“二氧化硫的性质”教学设计

为了优化二氧化硫性质的教学设计,提高教学效益,从生活情境切入,利用微型仪器和生活替代品开展实验探究活动,引导学生认识二氧化硫酸性氧化物的通性、特性及既有氧化性又有还原性的两面性,构建较为完整的二氧化硫知识体系;激发学习兴趣,培养环境意识和辩证唯物主义的世界观。     

变色瓶和变色管

在红色的品红溶液里通入二氧化硫气体,二氧化硫与品红的醌式结构发生了加成反应,生成加成物而褪色。这种加成物不稳定,加热分解逸出二氧化硫气体,又恢复原来的红色。     

预处理对TiO2表面超亲水性的影响

在高湿度环境下,应用紫外光辐射对溶胶 凝胶TiO₂ 薄膜预处理,经过预处理的薄膜烧结后具有快速光致高度亲水特性和良好的光催化活性.超亲水的薄膜能够吸附大量的酸性品红,在光照下薄膜将吸附的酸性品红逐渐降解掉.     

α-/β-mno2的水热合成及其催化性能

水热法;纳米mno2;酸性品红;催化活性     

利用色度传感器探究火柴头火药中硫的含量

借助创新实验装置,进行酸性高锰酸钾溶液吸收火柴头火药燃烧产生的二氧化硫气体而部分褪色的平行实验;借助色度传感器,建立梯度浓度酸性高锰酸钾溶液吸光度与浓度的标准曲线,得出平行实验中一定体积酸性高锰酸钾溶液褪色前后的浓度差,依据反应关系,分别算出火药燃烧产生的二氧化硫气体的质量,从而得出火柴头火药中硫的平均质量分数为6.03%。     

牛血清白蛋白与酸性品红的结合反应

研究了在酸性溶液中牛血清白蛋白与酸性品红的结合反应,认为两者主要是通过静电引力而结合,结合反应符合Plsavento提出的相分配模型,并探讨了实验条件对结合反应的表观结合常数Kc、结合数n、Sandell灵敏指数的影响。     

用新紫外光度法测定水中亚硝酸盐氮的研究

碱性品红与亚硝酸根在硫酸介质中反应 ,反应产物在近紫外区有一吸收峰 ,其λmax在 2 6 5nm .其NO-2 -N含量在 0～ 0 .6mg/L范围内符合比尔定律 ,ε=1.2 0 5× 10 4L·mol- 1·cm- 1,据此建立了一个简单、快速、选择性好的测定亚硝酸盐氮的新方法 .用于地表水、地下水的测定 ,结果与盐酸萘乙二胺比色法一致 .     

用二维核磁共振氢谱分析吡唑酮二当量品红成色剂的结构

利用300MHz低温超导核磁共振波谱仪对所合成的二当量吡唑酮品红成色剂的结构进行了分析。测定了该成色剂的一维~1H NMR,二维HOM2DJ谱,同核COSY谱等。     

二氧化硫溶于水和酸性溶液的化学状态研究

采用拉曼光谱技术，对SO₂溶于水和酸性溶液的化学状态进行了研究。测定出SO₂的特征拉曼光谱(1147 cm^-1)，表明SO₂是以SO₂·nH₂O形式存在于水和酸性溶液里。     

气体扩散耦合顺序注射光度分析法测定葡萄酒中的二氧化硫*

依据在微碱性条件下,亚硫酸根离子可与孔雀绿溶液发生加成反应并使其褪色的原理,建立了气体扩散耦合顺序注射分光光度法测定葡萄酒中二氧化硫的新方法。当接收液流速为1.2mL/min和4.2mL/min时,方法的线性响应范围分别为1.0-5.0μg/mL和5.0-50.0μg/mL,方法的检出限为0.33μg/mL,相对标准偏差（RSD）≤0.43%,对葡萄酒样中二氧化硫测定的加标回收率为98.7%-104.7%。     

Chemistry of ascorbic acid and sulfur dioxide as an antioxidant system relevant to white wine

The impact of the combined ascorbic acid and sulfur dioxide antioxidants on white wine oxidation processes was investigated using a range of analytical techniques, including flow injection analysis for free and total sulfur dioxide and two chromatographic methods for ascorbic acid, its oxidative degradation products and phenolic compounds. The combination of different analytical techniques provided a fast and simultaneous means for the monitoring of oxidation processes in a model wine system. In addition, the initial mole ratio of sulfur dioxide to ascorbic acid was varied and the model wine complexity was increased by the inclusion of metal ions (copper(II) and iron(II)). Sulfur dioxide was found not to be a significant binder of ascorbic acid oxidative degradation products and could not prevent the formation of certain phenolic pigment precursors. The results provide a detailed insight into the ascorbic acid/sulfur dioxide antioxidant system in wine conditions.     

Simple spectrophotometric and titrimetric methods for the determination of sulfur dioxide.

The proposed work describes a simple spectrophotmetric as well as a titrimetric method to determine sulfur dioxide. The spectrophotometric method is based on a redox reaction between sulfur dioxide and iodine monochloride obtained from iodine with chloramine-T in acetic acid. The reagent iodine monochloride oxidizes sulfur dioxide to sulfate, thereby reducing itself to iodine. Thus liberated iodine will also oxidize sulfur dioxide and reduce itself to iodide. The obtained iodide is expected to combine with iodine to form a brown-colored homoatomictriiodide anion (460 nm), which forms an ion-pair with the sulfonamide cation, providing exceptional color stability to the system under an acidic condition, and is quantitatively relatd to sulfur dioxide. The system obeys Beer's law in the range 5 - 100 microg of sulfur dioxide in a final volume of 10 ml. The molar absorptivity is 5.03 x 10(3) l mol(-1)cm(-1), with a relative standard deviation of 3.2% for 50 microg of sulfur dioxide (n = 10). In the titrimetric method, the reagent iodine monochloride was reduced with potassium iodide (10%) to iodine, which oxidized sulfur dioxide to sulfate, and excess iodine was determined with a thiosulfate solution. The volume difference of thiosulfate with the reagent and with the sulfur dioxide determined the sulfur dioxide. Reproducible and accurate results were obtained in the range of 0.1 - 1.5 mg of sulfur dioxide with a relative standard deviation of 1.2% for 0.8 mg of sulfur dioxide (n = 10).     

Terpolymerization of sulfur dioxide or maleic anhydride with unsaturated compounds under ultraviolet irradiation

The effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the terpolymerization was investigated. In the terpolymerizations of sulfur dioxide–butene-1–acrylonitrile, sulfur dioxide–butene-1–n-butyl acrylate, and maleic anhydride–allyl chloride–acrylonitrile systems, the composition of the terpolymers prepared under ultraviolet irradiation was different from those prepared in the dark. The unit content of sulfur dioxide and butene-1 or of maleic anhydride and allyl chloride in the terpolymer increased under ultraviolet irradiation. The nature of the growing end under ultraviolet irradiation is supposed to be the same as that of the dark polymerization on the basis of the same solvent effect on the terpolymer composition, the rate of polymerization and the molecular weight of polymer. The experimental results suggest that the complex between sulfur dioxide and butene-1 or maleic anhydride and allyl chloride might be excited by ultraviolet light and the excited complex may participate in the terpolymerization.     

Polymerization of aromatic olefins in the system liquid sulfur dioxide–percompounds: The nature of the initiation

Indene, α-methylstyrene, and styrene were polymerized in liquid sulfur dioxide in the presence of hydroperoxides and peracids. With indene, depending on the molar ratio of the monomer to sulfur dioxide, homopolymerization and polysulfone formation could be observed. With α-methylstyrene spontaneous polymerization in liquid sulfur dioxide was observed; the addition of hydroperoxide increased the yield and molecular weight. Styrene was polymerized in this solvent with hydroperoxides and peracids, the latter being a more effective initiator. The initiation in these systems could be explained by the formation of a mixed anhydride between sulfuric acid and m-chlorobenzoic acid.     

Characterization of sulfurous acid, sulfite, and bisulfite aerosol systems

Acidic tropospheric aerosols contain inorganic species such as sulfurous acid (H(2)SO(3)). As the main alkaline species, ammonia (NH(3)) plays an important role in the heterogeneous neutralization of these acidic aerosols. An aerosol flow-tube apparatus was used to obtain simultaneous optical and size distribution measurements using FTIR and SMPS measurements, respectively, as a function of relative humidity and aerosol chemical composition. A novel chemiluminescence apparatus was also used to measure ammonium ion concentration [NH(4)(+)]. The interactions between ammonia and hydrated sulfur dioxide (SO(2)·H(2)O) were studied at different humidities and concentrations. SO(2)·H(2)O is an important species as it represents the first intermediate in the overall atmospheric oxidation process of sulfur dioxide to sulfuric acid (H(2)SO(4)). This complex was produced within gaseous, aqueous, and aerosol SO(2) systems. The addition of ammonia gave mainly hydrogen sulfite (SHO(3)(-)) tautomers and disulfite ions (S(2)O(5)(2-)). These species were prevalent at high humidities enhancing the aqueous nature of sulfur(IV) species. Their weak acidity is evident due to the low [NH(4)(+)] produced. Size distributions obtained correlated well with the various stages of particulate compositional development.