气动雾化进样-微波等离子体炬全谱仪测定矿泉水中的Na,Mg, Ca,Li, Sr

采用微波等离子体炬(MPT)作为激发光源,通过气动雾化系统进样,循环水冷凝-浓硫酸吸水装置作为去溶系统,以Ar为等离子体工作气体,建立了氩微波等离子体炬全谱仪检测矿泉水中Na, Mg, Ca, Li和Sr等五种元素的方法。详细探究了微波功率源功率、工作气流量及载气流量等实验参数对待测元素发射信号的影响,并且对这些参数进行了优化。在优化的实验条件下,对11种瓶装饮用矿泉水进行了检测,方法对Na, Mg, Ca, Li和Sr的检出限分别为4.4,21,56,11和84 μg·mL-1,相对标准偏差范围为1.30%～5.45%(n=6),加标回收率在84.6%～98.5% 之间。实验结果表明,此装置简单便捷、分析成本低;此方法分析速度快、精确度与准确度高、能够同时测定多种元素,适用于矿泉水中元素检测,为打击非法商家提供了手段,同时也为人们的饮用水质量提供了安全保障,有望用于食品安全、药品安全、临床诊断及更多领域的分析检测。     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定硅铝铁合金中多种元素的优化研究

应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱 (ICP AES)法 ,对硅铝铁合金中的Al,Fe ,Ca,Cr,Mn ,Ni,Si和Ti元素进行了测定。研究了ICP AES的操作条件和溶样方法 ,确定了适宜的实验条件 ,如对仪器参数和共存元素对信号的影响进行了研究。将实验条件优化后 ,使用该方法测定硅铝铁合金中多种元素 ,标准钢样测定结果与推荐值相符。对各种元素的检出限分别为Al(0 0 2 9μg·mL- 1 ) ,Fe(0 0 0 4 μg·mL- 1 ) ,Ca(0 0 0 75 μg·mL- 1 ) ,Cr(0 0 0 15 μg·mL- 1 ) ,Mn(0 0 0 0 9μg·mL- 1 ) ,Ni(0 0 0 2 7μg·mL- 1 ) ,Si(0 0 4 5 μg·mL- 1 )和Ti(0 0 0 3μg·mL- 1 )。对所测元素 ,测定结果的相对标准偏差 (n =6 )在 0 3%～ 1 8%之间 ,加入标准溶液的回收率在96 7%～ 10 2 9%范围。测定合金样品中高含量硅的结果与标准化学 (重量 )法的结果也相符。该方法的特点是数据可靠 ,简便可行和易于推广。     

硅钼蓝分光光度法测定去离子水中的微量二氧化硅

研究了抗坏血酸作为还原剂硅钼蓝分光光度法测定去离子水中的微量二氧化硅的适宜条件.实验表明,常温下10min可显色完全,对去离子水进行7次测定,方法精密度RSD≤7%,样品加标回收率为97%,测定结果与国家标准结果一致.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定矿样中痕量金

建立了电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-AES) 测定低品位金矿样品中痕量金的方法,优化了仪器分析条件,对测定介质、干扰等进行了系统研究,结果标明：在小于10％(φ)王水介质中,所用酸不影响测定;矿中常见的阳离子的干扰,通过用10％盐酸(φ)进行预溶解去除,残留的基体元素对测定没有影响。试样中存在的硅对金208.2 nm产生严重的光谱干扰,用硅的251.6 nm线进行干扰系数法校正。采用上述条件测定了高硫尾矿中的痕量金,结果与活性炭富集-原子吸收法所得结果一致。在实验条件下,对金矿的检测限为0.10 g·t-1。     

硅（100）晶面上硅和二氧化硅的横向与纵向腐蚀速率

定义了硅表面上硅和二氧化硅的横向腐蚀速率 ,系统地测量了硅 (10 0 )晶面上的硅和二氧化硅在 4 0 %(质量分数 )氟化铵水溶液中的横向与纵向腐蚀速率 ,并和硅 (111)晶面上的测量结果进行了对比 .对比结果表明 ,尽管两种晶面上的硅和二氧化硅的腐蚀速率有明显的差别 ,其相应的表观活化能在误差范围内相同 .实验中还发现 ,溶液的温度为 38.2℃时 ,硅腐蚀过程中形成的气泡对硅的腐蚀速率有显著的影响 :开始时加速硅的腐蚀 ;但随着气泡在硅 /溶液界面的聚集 ,阻碍硅的腐蚀 .     

有机相直接进样ICP-OES快速测定车用汽油中微量硅（英文）

车用汽油样品用异辛烷溶剂适当比例稀释,直接进入电感耦合等离子体光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定硅元素。考察了稀释溶剂及稀释比例、标准物质类型、样品冷却温度、汽油样品组成等因素对硅含量测定的影响。结果表明,汽油样品用异辛烷按1∶1的比例混溶,在雾化室冷却温度为-10℃时,直接进入ICP-OES测定硅含量效果最佳。在优化的工作条件下,该方法在0.1~10.0 mg·kg~(-1)硅含量范围内线性良好,线性相关系数达0.999 96,检出限为0.012 mg·kg~(-1),回收率在95.8%~98.4%之间,相对标准偏差小于3.0%。该法简便、快速、准确度高,适用于车用无铅汽油、车用乙醇汽油和低比例甲醇汽油中微量硅的快速检测。     

氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定纺织品中的砷和锑

湿法消化样品,断续流动-无色散氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法同时测定纺织品中的砷,研究了酸度、KBH4浓度、仪器主要条件参数对实验结果的影响,以及硫脲 抗坏血酸混合液对干扰元素的消除作用。在经过优化的实验条件下,本方法砷和锑的精密度分别为1.69%和2.75%,检出限分别为0.5605μg·L-1和0.4670μg·L-1,方法的加标回收率在94.71%—96.85%之间,该方法能简单快速、准确的测定纺织品中砷和锑的残留量。     

均匀设计在优化原子荧光法测砷条件中的应用

采用均匀设计U*₁₀(108)优化氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水萝卜和菠菜中砷的条件,借助UD3.0软件,建立了数学模型并进行了回归分析,求得最优解。结合空心阴极灯灯丝的使用寿命和噪声水平及其他影响因素,得出优化的实验条件,负高压280～360V,灯电流50～70 mA,载气流量500～700 mL·min-1,硼氢化钾浓度15.0～20.0 g·L-1,盐酸浓度0.6～1.2 mol·L-1,进样量0.5～1.0 mL。在该条件范围内测定了两个蔬菜样品,相对标准偏差(RSD)低于3.6%,加标回收率为94.1%～101.3%,检出限0.042 μg·L-1。文章将均匀设计作为一种有效的试验设计方法引入有多种因素影响的原子荧光光谱分析中,为实验条件优化提供了一个很好的方法和思路。     

微波消解原子吸收法测定骨头中的汞和硒

采用微波消解 ,定量进样氯化亚锡还原冷原子吸收法测定汞 ,流动注射硼氢化钠还原原子吸收法测定硒的方法 ,测定了实验大鼠股骨中汞和硒的含量。讨论了样品的前处理过程对测定结果的影响 ,对硒的测定条件 :硼氢化钠浓度、溶液酸度和载液酸度等条件进行了优化。实验显示 ,检出限汞为 1 6 5ng·mL-1,硒为 1 78ng·mL-1;相对标准偏差汞为 4 1% ,硒为 3 6 % ;线性范围汞为 0～ 12 0ng·mL-1,硒为 0～ 5 0ng·mL-1;回收率汞为 93 72 %～ 10 1 8% ,硒为 95 5 3%～ 10 2 2 %     

固体热解塞曼原子吸收光谱法用于中药和生物样品中痕量汞的快速测定

建立了一种采用固体热解塞曼原子吸收光谱快速测定中药和生物样品中痕量汞的方法,样品不需要经过消解即可直接测定。考察了样品颗粒大小对分析结果的影响,在优化的实验条件下,方法的重现性为2.1％(峰面积)和9.1％(峰高),检出限为6.3 ng·g-1(3σ), 回收率为95%～105%。使用标准参考物质进行对照分析,通过与ICP-MS分析法的结果进行比较,结果令人满意。大鼠灌胃实验表明,长期灌胃较大剂量的朱砂对肾等组织有一定的毒害,而在部分传统中药中朱砂用量较高。文章对制定中药安全性标准具有参考意义。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.