增敏剂改进超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)法测定食品中硒元素

合适比例增敏剂会对超级微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定食品中硒元素含量具有一定的优化效果。本文采用超级微波消解仪对1.0 g食品样品进行全消解,采用碰撞池模式规避质谱干扰,内标校正非质谱干扰,选择甲醇、乙醇、乙酸、异丙醇、丙三醇作为增敏剂,并调整测试过程中的添加比例,用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定。结果表明：2%异丙醇存在时硒元素各同位素响应值最高,其中78Se具有低至0.0003 mg·kg-1的方法检出限;用以上方法对食品标准物质（GSB-8、GSB-9、GSB-24、GSB-30）及实际样品进行分析,标准物质测定值均在其认定值及不确定度范围内,相对误差小于-5.4%;实际样品测定值的相对标准偏差（n=7,RSD）为0.3~1.7%,加标回收率为99.2~105%。本方法操作简便,精密度好,准确度高,可以作为各类食品样品中硒含量测试方法。     

液相色谱-大气压化学电离串联质谱法测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中的维生素D

建立了婴幼儿配方奶粉中维生素D的液相色谱-大气压化学电离串联质谱(LC-APCI-MS/MS)分析方法。样品经正己烷和甲基叔丁基醚混合溶液提取,ProElut VDC固相萃取柱净化,Kinetex C_(18)色谱柱分离,采用大气压化学电离(APCI)源、正离子扫描和多反应监测(MRM)模式对维生素D_2和维生素D_3进行检测,内标法定量。结果表明维生素D_2和维生素D_3在5~5 000μg/L范围内均具有良好的线性关系,检出限为2μg/kg,定量限为5μg/kg。在5、10和100μg/kg添加水平下,维生素D_2和维生素D_3的回收率为85.2%~105.3%,相对标准偏差为4.7%~8.1%。该方法简便准确,灵敏度高,适用于婴幼儿奶粉中维生素D的测定。     

气相色谱串联四极杆质谱法对富硒包菜汁中硒甲基硒半胱氨酸与硒蛋氨酸的测定

建立了一种快速分析富硒包菜汁中硒甲基硒半胱氨酸和硒蛋氨酸含量的方法。以氯甲酸乙酯作衍生化试剂,利用串联质谱技术在多离子监测模式下对衍生物进行GC-MS/MS测定。方法的线性范围为0.01～25 mg/L,线性相关系数r≥0.9988;方法检出限分别为硒甲基硒半胱氨酸（met-Se-cys）4μg/L、硒蛋氨酸（Se-met）2μg/L;met-Se-cys的方法回收率为82%～97%,RSD小于6.3%,Se-met的方法回收率为100%～109%,RSD小于7.5%。结果表明该方法简单、快速、准确,并能有效排除基质的干扰,适合于食品中硒甲基硒半胱氨酸和硒蛋氨酸的定性定量分析。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速同时测定婴幼儿配方乳粉中氯霉素、三聚氰胺、甲硝唑和洛硝达唑

建立了婴幼儿配方乳粉中三聚氰胺、氯霉素、甲硝唑和洛硝达唑残留的高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱联用测定方法.样品经碱性乙腈提取,以MGⅢ-C18色谱柱(150 mm× 2.1 mm,5 μm)分离,流动相为60 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(含0.4‰甲酸)和甲醇,梯度洗脱,流速为0.25 mL/min.采用多反应监测正离子或负离子模式,可以同时对婴幼儿配方乳粉中的三聚氰胺、氯霉素、甲硝唑和洛硝达唑进行快速定性和定量测定.在优化条件下,4种化合物检出限为0.3 ～ 50.0μg/kg,方法回收率为61.4％ ～ 96.2％,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.8％ ～9.8％.采用本方法测定了多种市售婴幼儿配方奶粉.本方法操作简单、测定结果准确,可用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中三聚氰胺、氯霉素、甲硝唑和洛硝达唑残留的同时快速测定.     

高压罐消解-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品中的硒

利用高压罐消解-氢化物发生原子荧光法测定食品中的硒.在4mol/LHCl介质中利用AFS-2201双道原子荧光光度计对国家一级标准物质奶粉进行测定.测定硒元素曲线的浓度在0～100.0 ng/mL之间呈良好的线性关系,相关系数为0.9998,其检出限为0.47 μg/L.实验结果表明本方法可用于食品中硒含量的测定和监控.     

碰撞反应池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)测定膨化食品中的铝

采用密闭高压消解技术对样品进行前处理,建立了膨化食品中铝的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定方法。完善样品前处理条件,优化仪器工作参数,并以45Sc为内标元素消除非质谱干扰,以氦气为碰撞反应气消除质谱干扰。在优化的实验条件下,方法的检出限为13.61μg/L,标准曲线的回归系数为0.999 9。同时采用国家标准方法——分光光度法和原子吸收光谱法验证了方法的准确度,三种方法的测定结果没有显著性差异。实验结果表明,方法简单、快速、准确,适用于食品中铝含量的测定。     

碰撞反应池-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定膨化食品中的铝

采用密闭高压消解技术对样品进行前处理,建立了膨化食品中铝的电感耦合等离子体质谱测定方法。完善样品前处理条件,优化仪器工作参数,并以45Sc为内标元素消除非质谱干扰,以氦气为碰撞反应气消除质谱干扰。在优化的实验条件下,方法的检出限为13.61μg/L,标准曲线的回归系数为0.999 9。同时采用国家标准方法——分光光度法和原子吸收光谱法验证了方法的准确度,三种方法的测定结果没有显著性差异。实验结果表明,方法简单、快速、准确,适用于食品中铝含量的测定。     

电感耦合等离子体串联质谱(ICP-MS/MS)法混合模式同时测定土壤中7种重金属元素

为高效、准确、批量对土壤中多元素进行同时检测,本文通过改善消解模式、载气流速,优化了质谱条件,采用电感耦合等离子体串联质谱法(ICP-MS/MS)测定土壤中7种重金属元素。样品经王水预消解,氢氟酸+高氯酸+硝酸消解,以103^Rh作为内标溶液消除基体干扰,在MS模式下通入氦气(即氦气模式),MS/MS模式下通入氧气(即氧气模式)消除质谱干扰的方式测定土壤中As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn 7种重金属元素。结果表明：当氦气流量为5.0mL/min,氧气流量为0.40mL/min时方法灵敏度和干扰消除效果最好。该方法的线性范围超过3个数量级,相关系数 r≥0.9999,检出限为0.01~1.00mg/kg,相对标准偏差(RSD)为1.5~10.2%。通过3个国家土壤一级标准物质(GBW07403a、GBW07404a、GBW07405a)对该方法进行了方法学验证,验证结果均在参考值范围内。     

超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法对奶制品中苯甲酸雌二醇残留的测定

建立了测定牛奶和婴儿配方奶粉中苯甲酸雌二醇的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱方法.样品前处理采用酶解、甲醇提取,经C18和NH2基固相萃取柱净化后,苯甲酸雌二醇由超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分离,并在正离子电离模式和多反应监测模式下,用基质匹配标准校正方法补偿基质效应,以氘代诺龙-d3为内标进行定量检测.牛奶和婴儿配方奶粉中苯甲酸雌二醇的检出限分别为0.07、0.39 μg/kg,定量下限分别为0.2、0.95 μg/kg.在4、10 μg/kg加标水平下,牛奶和婴儿配方奶粉中苯甲酸雌二醇的回收率为76% ～90%,相对标准偏差为5.0% ～15.2%.     

液相色谱-串联质谱法快速测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中39种激素残留量

建立了液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱同时测定婴幼儿配方奶粉中17种糖皮质激素、11种孕激素、3种雄性激素和8种雌激素残留的快速确证方法。采用乙腈提取奶粉中待测组分,提取液经冷冻离心与正己烷除脂、亲水-亲脂平衡固相萃取柱净化、甲醇洗脱。分别在正、负电喷雾离子化多反应监测模式下检测39种激素。正离子模式下的流动相为乙腈-0.1%甲酸,色谱柱为普通硅胶基质的C18柱;负离子模式下的流动相为乙腈-0.1%氨水,色谱柱为能耐受宽pH范围的超高效C18柱。在该优化条件下,39种激素定量限(S/N≥10)为0.02～5 μg/kg,方法回收率为59.5%～117.9%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为6.4%～16.3%。经测定多种市售婴幼儿配方奶粉,表明该方法操作简单、测定结果准确,可用于婴幼儿配方奶粉中多种内源性与化学合成类激素残留的快速测定。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.