浊点萃取技术的应用

浊点萃取是近年发展起来的一种新兴的萃取技术。重点阐述了浊点萃取在环境样品、生物样品和食品工业分析中的应用,总结了浊点萃取技术的优点,指出了存在的问题,探讨了该技术的发展前景。     

浊点萃取技术在金属离子分离和富集以及形态分析中应用的进展

介绍了新兴的环保型液液萃取方法——浊点萃取的原理及操作方法，讨论了影响浊点萃取效率的因素，重点回顾了近年来该技术在金属离子分离和富集以及形态分析中应用的进展，探讨了该技术的发展前景。     

浊点萃取在金属离子形态分析中的应用

浊点萃取是一种新兴的环保型的液-液萃取方法,它不使用有机溶剂,易于操作,是一种绿色的分析技术.本文介绍了浊点萃取的原理,重点回顾了近年来该技术在金属离子形态分析中的应用,并探讨了该技术的应用前景.     

8-羟基喹啉-浊点萃取-流动分析光度法测定果蔬中铬价态

1 引言 浊点萃取法是一种新兴的液-液萃取技术,具有很高的富集倍数和提取率.流动分析光度法通常一次进样只需0.5～1.0 mL,可节省试样,减少二次污染.浊点萃取法与流动分析光度法结合可优势互补,更快速、简便.Cr(Ⅲ)是人体维持生命的必需元素,而Cr(Ⅵ)在生物体系内有很强的流动性和氧化性.因此,分析不同价态铬十分重要.铬价态的分析方法主要有共沉淀、萃取、离子交换、色谱等方法.基于Triton X-100的浊点现象,选择8-羟基喹啉为螯合萃取剂,在优化的实验条件下,使Cr(Ⅲ)-8-羟基喹啉 "原位"进入其富胶束相,Cr(Ⅵ)留在水相而彼此得以分离,提出了浊点萃取-流动分析光度法测定不同价态铬的新方法.     

浊点萃取-紫外可见分光光度法测定痕量钴

浊点萃取(Cloud-Point Extraction,简称CPE)是近年来出现的一种新兴的液-液萃取技术,该法以表面活性剂胶束水溶液的溶解性和浊点现象为基础,通过改变实验参数如溶液pH值、离子强度、温度等引发相分离,将疏水性物质与亲水性物质分离,同时起到富集的作用.     

浊点萃取技术及其在有机化合物分离分析中的应用

浊点萃取是基于表面活性剂水溶液中相分离现象的萃取浓缩技术,已成功实现了与HPLC、CE和FI等分析仪器的联用,用于各种金属离子、生物分子和不同极性有机化合物浓缩分离处理,是一种替代有机溶剂萃取的良好形式。本文简要介绍了浊点萃取技术的原理和流程,详细总结了在有机化合物分离分析中的应用以及与不同分析仪器联用时遇到的问题和处理方法。     

分散液液微萃取技术及其在生物样品分析中的研究进展

分散液液微萃取是一种新型微萃取技术,具有易操作、低成本、耗时短、环境友好、萃取效率高等优点。该文着眼于分散液液微萃取技术中萃取剂的性质及辅助分散方式,综述了常规分散液液微萃取、离子液体分散液液微萃取、超声辅助分散液液微萃取等多种萃取模式,并重点归纳总结了近5年分散液液微萃取技术在生物样品分析领域的应用进展。     

涡流色谱技术在生物样品分析中的应用

生物样品的复杂性使其在进行分析测定前必须经过处理。传统的样品前处理方法(如液-液萃取、固相萃取等)耗时长且操作繁琐。涡流色谱作为在线萃取技术,可以实现生物样品直接进样,减少了样品处理步骤,有效富集纯化了分析物,是一种高通量、高选择性的生物样品前处理方法。为此,本文介绍了涡流色谱技术的原理及优势,并总结了不同涡流柱的特点及其在生物样品分析领域中的应用情况。     

可卡因及代谢物的分析检测研究进展

综述了近十年来生物检材中可卡因及其代谢物分析常用的样品前处理技术和检测方法,比较了液-液萃取、固相萃取、固相微萃取等提取方法的可行性和局限性及气相色谱、气相色谱-质谱联用、液相色谱-质谱联用等检测方法的应用进展。     

浊点萃取-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定某些中药中的铜含量

浊点萃取(Cloud Point Extraction,CPE)是近年来出现的一种新兴的环保型的液-液萃取技术,它不使用挥发性有机溶剂,对环境的影响较小[1].它以中性表面活性剂胶束水溶液的溶解性和浊点现象为基础,通过改变试验参数如溶液pH值、温度等引发相分离,将疏水性物质与亲水性物质分离.它具有经济、安全、高效、简便等优点,已广泛应用于生命科学和环境科学研究中[2-4],特别是在痕量金属元素的分离富集方面取得了很大的成功[5-7].     

Comparison of traditional cloud-point extraction and on-line flow-injection cloud-point extraction with a chemiluminescence method using benzo[a]pyrene as a marker

In this work, using benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) as marker, the analytical merits of on-line flow-injection cloud-point extraction (FI CPE), including preconcentration factor, extraction efficiency, sample throughput, and analysis time were evaluated by use of peroxyoxalate chemiluminescence (CL) detection. Moreover, by detailed discussion of several preconcentration conditions for traditional and on-line FI CPE the advantages of on-line FI CPE became conspicuously apparent. When coupled with separation techniques such as high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or capillary electrophoresis (CE), on-line FI CPE–CL has much potential for analysis of low concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in environmental samples.     

浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法同时测定药片与尿样中异烟肼、利福平和吡嗪酰胺

建立了以聚乙二醇(PEG)6000为萃取剂的浊点萃取(CPE)-反相高效液相色谱同时测定异烟肼、利福平和吡嗪酰胺的方法,由于异烟肼不易被浊点萃取方法富集,使异烟肼与对氯苯甲醛在酸性条件下反应衍生为异烟肼腙,异烟肼腙在液相色谱上的信号与异烟肼浓度存在着线性关系.在优化的CPE条件下,采用梯度洗脱的方式,用紫外检测器在310 nm波长下,异烟肼、吡嗪酰胺和利福平的保留时间分别为14.5、34.4和38.1 min,定量范围分别是0.01～10 mg/L、0.08～25 mg/L和0.05～20 mg/L.线性相关系数r>0.99.3种药的平均回收率范围为91.50%～98.75%,精密度(RSD)为 0.22%～1.54%.异烟肼、利福平和吡嗪酰胺的检出限分别为4×10-3、2×10-2和3×10-2 mg/L.本法用于药片和尿样中3种药物的检测,结果满意.     

Separation and preconcentration by cloud point extraction procedures for determination of ions: recent trends and applications

The cloud point extraction procedure is an alternative to liquid–liquid extraction and based on the phase separation that occurs in aqueous solutions of non-ionic surfactants when heated above the so-called cloud point temperature. We review the more recent applications for determination of ions by means of this procedure for sample preparation over the range 2009 to first part of 2011. Following an introduction, the article covers aspects of cloud point extraction of one metal ion, two metals ions simultaneously, three metal ions simultaneously, multielement analysis, anions analysis, and on-line cloud point extraction. One hundred sixteen references are cited.

阳离子表面活性剂Aliquat 336对水中双酚A的浊点萃取及作用机制

研究了阳离子表面活性剂Aliquat 336(三辛基甲基氯化铵)浊点萃取水中双酚A(BPA)后以高效液相色谱测定的方法.探讨了Aliquat 336与Na_2SO_4/NaCl用量、pH值、萃取时间等因素对萃取效果的影响,经条件实验选定各因素水平如下:0.8 g/L Aliquat 336,4.0 g/L Na_2SO_4,超声萃取15 min,pH和对萃取影响不大,故不予调节.结果表明: 在此选定条件下,本方法富集效率高(BPA在胶束相-水相分配系数达10~4),萃取效率稳定(相对标准偏差均小于10%),其对BPA在不同水质、不同加标浓度下的回收率均大于90%,去离子水中检出限为0.34 μg/L.本方法操作简单、方便、成本低,易于推广.同时以胶束粒径与Zeta电位分析等确证盐含量对阳离子表面活性剂胶束形成的决定性作用,并结合影响因子分析,推测Aliquat 336浊点萃取过程中BPA可能存在静电作用、阳离子-π键等疏水分配以外的作用机制.     

Separation and preconcentration by a cloud point extraction procedure for determination of metals: an overview

Recently, cloud point extraction (CPE) has been an attractive subject as an alternative to liquid–liquid extraction. The technique is based on the property of most non-ionic surfactants in aqueous solutions to form micelles and become turbid when heated to the cloud point temperature. This review covers a selection of the literature published on applications of CPE in determination of metal ions over the period between 2004 and 2008.     

Preconcentration and fluorimetric determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons based on the acid-induced cloud-point extraction with sodium dodecylsulfate

The acid-induced cloud-point extraction (CPE) technique based on sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) micelles has been used for preconcentration of ten representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) for the following fluorescence determination. The effect of the acidity of solution, SDS and electrolyte concentrations, centrifugation time and rate on the two-phase separation process and extraction percentages of PAHs have systematically been examined. Extraction percentages have been obtained for all PAHs after CPE ranged from 67 to 93%. Pyrene was used as a fluorescent probe to monitor the micropolarity of the surfactant-rich phase compared with SDS micelles and this allows one to conclude that water content in micellar phase after CPE is reduced. The spectral, metrological and analytical characteristics of PAH fluorimetric determination after acid-based CPE with sodium dodecylsulfate are presented. Advantages provided by using CPE in combination with fluorimetric determination of PAHs are discussed. The determination of benz[a]pyrene in tap water is presented as an example.     

Thorium determination in water samples by liquid scintillation counting after its separation by cloud point extraction

The aim of this study is the separation and pre-concentration of thorium from aqueous solutions by cloud point extraction (CPE) and its the radiometric determination by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). For CPE, tributyl phosphate (TBP) was used as the complexing agent and (1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl)phenyl-polyethylene glycol (Triton X-114) as the surfactant. The radiometric measurements were performed after phase separation by mixing of the surfactant phase with the liquid scintillation cocktail. The effect of experimental conditions such as pH, ionic strength (e.g. [NaCl]) and the presence of other chemical species (e.g. Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions, and humic acid colloids) on the CPE separation recovery have been investigated at constant reactant ratio (m(TBP)/m(Triton) = 0.1). According to the experimental results the maximum chemical recovery is (60 ± 5)% at pH 3. Regarding the other parameters, generally Ca²⁺ and Fe³⁺ ions as well as the presence of colloidal species in solution (even at low concentrations) results in significant decrease of the chemical recovery of uranium. On the other hand increasing NaCl concentration leads to enhancement of chemical recovery. Generally, the method could be applied successfully for the radiometric determination of thorium in water solutions with relatively increased thorium content.     

Separation,Preconcentration and Spectrophotometric Determination of Rhodamine B in Industrial,Cosmetic and Water Samples by Cloud Point and Solid Phase Extraction

The aim of this study is extraction, preconcentration and spectrophotometric determination of Rhodamine B (RB) in aqueous media by developing solid phase extraction (SPE) and cloud point extraction (CPE) methods. Amberlite XAD-1180 adsorbent and Tergitol NP-7 surfactant were used for SPE and CPE, respectively. Parameters of SPE and CPE which effected quantitative extractions were investigated and optimized. Matrix effects of some ions and dyes were analyzed at the optimum conditions. Developed methods were used to determine RB contents of anti-freeze, lipstick and water samples. The results of both methods demonstrated that the RB was quantitatively extracted and determined. RB contents of solid samples were found between 473 ± 15 and 317 ± 8 μg/g; 472 ± 11 and 312 ± 6 μg/L dye contents were determined for liquid samples. The methods were tested by analysis of spiked samples. Analytical characteristics of the methods were compared with each other and previously reported studies.