大环抗生素手性固定相拆分克伦普罗对映体及分离机制研究

应用三种大环抗生素类手性固定相Chirobiotic V、Chirobiotic T和Chirobiotic R,采用高效液相色谱法对盐酸克伦普罗对映体进行了拆分研究。实验考察了洗脱模式、流动相组成、柱温等因素对分离的影响,对分离结果进行了比较,并对其分离机制进行了探讨。结果表明,盐酸克伦普罗对映体在Chirobiotic R手性固定相上不能实现分离,在Chirobiotic V和Chirobiotic T手性固定相上,最佳色谱条件为:新极性有机相模式,流动相为甲醇-乙酸-三乙胺(100∶0.01∶0.01,V/V/V),流速:1.0mL/min,柱温:20℃,分离度可分别达到2.00和2.13。实验证明,盐酸克伦普罗对映体与大环抗生素类固定相之间的离子相互作用是实现对映体分离的最主要分离机制。     

使用大环糖肽抗生素键合固定相高效液相色谱法直接拆分卡巴拉汀

采用高效液相色谱法在大环糖肽抗生素键合固定相手性柱上拆分了卡巴拉汀(Rivastigmine)对映体。考察了甲醇∶乙酸∶三乙胺流动相体系中乙酸和三乙胺的浓度和比例、有机酸的种类、分离温度及流动相流速对拆分结果的影响。选定的色谱条件为:Chirobiotic V手性柱(250mm×4.6mmi.d.,5μm),流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(乙酸)∶V(三乙胺)=100∶0.02∶0.01,柱温5℃,流速0.5mL/min,检测波长274nm。在柱温5~30℃范围内测定lnα与1/T呈线性关系:lnα=ΔΔH0/RT ΔΔR0/R。     

万古霉素键合手性固定相高效液相色谱法直接分离泰妥拉唑对映体

利用反相高效液相色谱法在大环抗生素类手性固定相万古霉素键合手性固定相(Chirobiotic V)上直接分离了泰妥拉唑对映体。考察了缓冲溶液的种类、浓度和pH值,有机改性剂的种类和浓度,柱长和柱温等对手性分离的影响。优化后的色谱条件为:Chirobiotic V色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),流动相为0.02 mol/L 醋酸铵缓冲液(pH 6.0)-四氢呋喃(体积比为93∶7),流速为0.5 mL/min,柱温为20 ℃,检测波长为306 nm。在此条件下泰妥拉唑对映体达到了基线分离,分离度达1.68;对映体保留时间的相对标准偏差分别为0.48%和0.49%(n=6),峰面积的相对标准偏差分别为0.45%和0.55%(n=6)。所建立的手性分离方法具有简便快速及重复性好等优点。     

Pirkle型手性固定相分离4种β_2-受体激动剂对映体

采用高效液相色谱法,以Pirkle型手性固定相α-Burke-2对马布特罗、班布特罗、克伦特罗、克伦普罗4种β2-受体激动剂对映体进行手性拆分。考察了缓冲盐添加剂种类及浓度,有机溶剂类型及含量,以及柱温对保留行为和分离的影响。当流动相为二氯甲烷-乙醇(19∶1)(含5 mmol/L醋酸铵),流速为2.0m L/min,柱温为20℃时,克伦特罗和克伦普罗对映体可实现基线分离,分离度可达1.78和1.68;班布特罗和马布特罗可实现部分分离,分离度分别为1.00和1.25。对4种β2-受体激动剂对映体在α-Burke-2手性固定相上热力学参数的变化进行计算,证明β2-受体激动剂对映体与手性固定相之间的相互作用是焓控过程。β2-受体激动剂对映体与Pirkle型固定相间的π-π主客体相互作用和氢键作用是实现对映体分离的最主要分离机制。     

Pirkle型手性固定相拆分盐酸克伦特罗对映体

建立并优化了高效液相色谱手性固定相分离盐酸克伦特罗对映体的方法。使用两种Pirkle型手性固定相(α-Burke-2和Pirkle-1J)拆分了盐酸克伦特罗对映体,考察了缓冲盐添加剂,有机溶剂种类和浓度,以及柱温对保留行为和分离的影响。当流动相为二氯甲烷-乙醇(19:1,V/V)含5 mmol/L乙酸铵,流速2.0 mL/min,柱温20℃时,盐酸克伦特罗对映体在α-Burke-2色谱柱上能实现较好的分离,分离度可达1.85;在Pirkle-1J色谱柱上,分离度可达0.64。盐酸克伦特罗对映体与Pirkle型固定相之间的π-π主客体相互作用和氢键作用是实现对映体分离的最主要分离机制。方法可用于盐酸克伦特罗对映体的质量控制及立体选择性药代动力学的研究。     

替考拉宁键合手性固定相高效液相色谱法直接拆分泮托拉唑钠对映体

以替考拉宁为手性选择剂制备了大环抗生素类手性固定相替考拉宁键合手性固定相(T-CSP),建立了T-CSP反相液相色谱直接拆分泮托拉唑钠对映体的方法。考察了流动相中有机改性剂的种类和比例、柱温以及流动相流速对拆分泮托拉唑钠对映体的影响。研究发现,用甲醇作有机改性剂比乙腈更有利于对映体的分离;在研究的温度范围内,随着柱温的升高,对映体的保留时间缩短,同时分离因子和分离度降低;在一定范围内降低流速有利于对映体的分离。采用T-CSP色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm i.d.,5 μm),以甲醇-水(体积比为35∶65)为流动相,在流速0.6 mL/min、检测波长290 nm、柱温20 ℃的条件下,泮托拉唑钠对映体获得了近于基线的分离,所建立的方法具有简便快速及重复性好等优点。     

农药甲霜林对映体的高效液相色谱分离及手性拆分热力学研究

以正己烷/异丙醇为流动相，在纤维素-三（3，5-二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯）（CDMPC）涂敷型手性固定相上，对农药甲霜灵外消旋体进行了拆分，考察了流动相组成、柱温等对甲霜灵对映体的保留和分离的影响；对甲霜灵R、S对映体与固定相之间的保留和分离的热力学机理进行了讨论。     

农药甲霜灵对映体的高效液相色谱分离及手性拆分热力学研究

以正己烷 异丙醇为流动相 ,在纤维素 三 (3 ,5 二甲基苯基氨基甲酸酯 ) (CDMPC)涂敷型手性固定相上 ,对农药甲霜灵外消旋体进行了拆分 ,考察了流动相组成、柱温等对甲霜灵对映体的保留和分离的影响 ;对甲霜灵R、S对映体与固定相之间的保留和分离的热力学机理进行了讨论     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法结合多糖衍生物手性固定相拆分氰戊菊酯

建立了以多糖衍生物为手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)直接拆分氰戊菊酯对映体的方法。在反相液相色谱条件下,考察了手性固定相的种类、流动相组成、柱温、流速对氰戊菊酯4个立体异构体分离的影响。同时,利用热力学方法对氰戊菊酯的立体异构体与固定相之间的色谱保留和分离的热力学机理进行了探讨。结果表明:采用Lux Cellulose-3(纤维素-三(4-甲基苯甲酸酯))手性色谱柱,在以流动相为乙腈-水(5 mmol/L甲酸铵)=(55:45,V:V)流速0.4 mL/min,柱温30℃的条件下,可在14 mins内实现氰戊菊酯4个立体异构体的基线分离。拓展了HPLC-MS/MS在菊酯类手性农药对映体分离及检测上的应用。     

手性固定相HPLC法直接拆分奈他地尔对映体EI北大核心CSCD

以纤维素衍生物为手性固定相,建立药物奈他地尔的HPLC手性分析方法。以正己烷与乙醇或异丙醇为流动相,在Chiralpak AD-H手性固定相上对奈他地尔对映体进行了拆分,并考察了流动相组成、柱温和流速对该对映体分离的影响,获得较优分析条件,分析时间在15 min内,分离度大于1.7。结果表明,奈他地尔对映体在正己烷-异丙醇-二乙胺(80:20:0.1,V:V:V)为流动相、流速为1.0 m L/min、柱温为30℃时,分离效果最佳。本方法操作简单、重现性好,可用于奈他地尔对映体的质量控制。     

Evaluation and comparison of a methylated teicoplanin aglycone to teicoplanin aglycone and natural teicoplanin chiral stationary phases

HPLC enantiomeric separations of a wide variety of racemic analytes was evaluated using chiral stationary phases (CSPs) based on the macrocyclic glycopeptides teicoplanin (T), teicoplanin aglycone (TAG), and methylated teicoplanin aglycone (Me-TAG) in two different mobile phase modes, i.e., the RP mode and the polar organic (PO) mode. Comparison of the enantiomeric separations using Chirobiotic T, Chirobiotic TAG, and the methylated form of TAG were conducted in order to gain a better understanding of the roles of the polar functional groups on the CSP. Substantial effects due to the cleavage of saccharides and/or methylation on chiral separations were observed in both separation modes. Improved separation efficiencies for many acidic analytes were obtained by methylating the H-bonding groups of TAG. These groups were believed to be a contributing factor to band broadening on TAG due to their negative effect on mass transfer between the stationary phase and mobile phase. Ionic/dipolar interactions between the carboxylate group of the analytes and the amine groups on T, TAG, or Me-TAG are important for chiral discrimination. Therefore, analytes possessing a carboxyl group are good candidates for successful separations on these CSPs. Hydrophobic interactions are important for enantiomeric separations in the RP mode where the H-bonding interactions between analytes and the chiral selectors are relatively weak. Me-TAG offers higher hydrophobicity, which can accentuate the interactions of analytes with hydrophobic moieties, but these interactions are not necessarily stereoselective. In the PO mobile phase, electrostatic/dipolar interactions between polar functional groups are the dominating interactions in chiral recognition. Another important factor is steric fit, which could be changed with every modification of the T structure. Therefore, substantial changes of enantioseparations were obtained within this studied group of CSPs. The PO mode was shown to be the most powerful mobile phase mode for enantiomeric separations on T-based stationary phases, mainly due to the improved efficiency. Methylation of the TAG proved to be a very useful tool for investigating the chiral recognition mechanism for this group of chiral selectors.     

Comparison of Separation Efficiency of Macrocyclic Glycopeptide-Based Chiral Stationary Phases for the LC Enantioseparation of β-Amino Acids

Direct reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of eighteen unnatural β-amino acids, including several β-3-homo-amino acids. The direct separations of the underivatized analytes were performed on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics such as teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T and T2), teicoplanin aglycone (Chirobiotic TAG), vancomycin (Chirobiotic V and V2), and ristocetin A (Chirobiotic R) as chiral selectors. The effects of the organic modifier, mobile phase composition and pH on the separations were investigated. A comparison of the separation performances of the macrocyclic glycopeptide stationary phases revealed that the Chirobiotic T2 column exhibited better selectivity than the Chirobiotic T column for the separation of β-3-homo-amino acid enantiomers; vancomycin or ristocetin A exhibited lower selectivity. The elution sequence was determined in some cases: the S enantiomers eluted before the R enantiomers, with the exception of the Chirobiotic R column, where the elution sequence R < S was observed.     

Enantioselective pharmacokinetics of mabuterol in rats studied using sequential achiral and chiral HPLC

The enantioselective pharmacokinetics of mabuterol was studied in six rats after single oral dose administration of mabuterol racemate. Serial plasma samples were collected and the pharmacokinetic behavior of each enantiomer in rats was characterized using a sequential achiral and chiral liquid chromatographic method. This method involved the separation of mabuterol racemate from endogenous substances on an achiral ODS column and enantiomeric separation on a Chirobiotic V column. The plasma-concentration data were analyzed for individual mabuterol enantiomer using 3P97 software. After i.g. administration of mabuterol racemate at a dose of 10 mg/kg, both enantiomers were slowly absorbed, reaching mean C(max) of 266.8 and 277.9 ng/mL at t(max) of 5.3 and 5.7 h for R- and S-mabuterol, respectively. The AUC(0-infinity) (5,938.9 ng h/mL) of R-mabuterol was significantly higher than that (4,446.1 ng h/mL) of S-mabuterol, and the half-life (14.5 h) was longer than that (9.6 h) of S-mabuterol (p < 0.001 and p < 0.01, respectively), showing that enantioselective pharmacokinetics between mabuterol enantiomers occur during the metabolism phase.     

基于直链淀粉衍生物手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱法拆分4种β-受体阻滞剂对映体及其分离机制的探讨

建立了以直链淀粉衍生物为手性固定相的高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)直接拆分普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔和卡维地洛4种β-受体阻滞剂对映体的方法。考察了手性固定相的种类、流动相改性剂和添加剂的体积分数、柱温和流速等对4种药物对映体分离的影响。结果表明:在Chiralpak AD-H手性色谱柱上,在正己烷-乙醇-二乙胺(20∶80∶0.03,v/v/v)为流动相、流速0.550 mL/min、柱温40℃的条件下,普萘洛尔、美托洛尔、阿罗洛尔和卡维地洛对映体均达到基线分离,分离度分别为1.37、1.80、2.09和4.70。通过热力学研究及对映体结构分析对拆分机理进行了探讨,发现4种药物对映体的手性拆分均为焓驱动过程,而固定相的手性空腔对不同药物的拆分影响较大。研究结果为β-受体阻滞剂的深入研究提供了参考方法。     

巴拉苏酰胺对映体的色谱分离研究

利用手性HPLC法对天然产物(+)-巴拉苏酰胺(balasubramide)及其对映体进行分离和光学纯度测定。在手性分离过程中,考察了两种不同的手性固定相和不同比例的流动相(正己烷和异丙醇),以进行手性分离方法的优化。结果表明:正己烷和异丙醇(70/30,V/V)在手性柱Chiralpak AD-H上获得最佳分离。光学活性的巴拉苏酰胺的对映体过量值高于98%,其分离因子(α)和分离度为2.15和21.80。本研究为光学活性的巴拉苏酰胺及其后续衍生物光学纯度控制提供了方法学基础。     

万古霉素及其苯异氰酸酯衍生物手性固定相的制备与应用

采用"一锅法",以1,6-二异氰酸正己酯作间隔臂,制备了万古霉素及苯异氰酸酯衍生化的万古霉素手性固定相。对拉米夫定、拉米夫定的L-薄荷醇酯、酞胺哌啶酮和盐酸氟西汀进行了手性分离研究,在极性有机相模式下,研究了流动相甲醇中冰醋酸-三乙胺浓度和比例对手性分离的影响,观察到两种手性固定相具有不同的手性识别能力。在万古霉素手性固定相上4种溶质都获得了基线分离;在苯异氰酸酯衍生化的手性固定相上除盐酸氟西汀外也均获得基线分离。     

Transforming chiral liquid chromatography methodologies into more sensitive liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry without losing enantioselectivity

LC-electrospray ionization (ESI) MS conditions were optimized for the individual chiral separation of 19 compounds of pharmaceutical interest using the macrocyclic glycopeptide-based chiral stationary phases in both polar organic and reversed-phase modes (RPM). The influence of mobile phase composition and MS additive type on sensitivity was investigated for all classes of compounds tested. Compounds with amine or amide groups were efficiently separated, ionized, and detected with the addition of 0.1% (w/w) ammonium trifluoroacetate to the solvent system in either the reversed-phase or polar organic mode (POM). Macrocyclic glycopeptide coupled column technology was initially used to screen all chiral compounds analyzed. Baseline resolution of enantiomers was then achieved with relatively short retention times and high efficiencies on Chirobiotic T, Chirobiotic V or Chirobiotic R narrow bore chiral stationary phases. The polar organic mode offered better limits of detection (as low as 100 pg/ml) and sensitivity over reversed-phase methods. An optimum flow-rate range of 200-400 microl/min was necessary for sensitive chiral LC-ESI-MS analysis.     

Comparison of vancomycin-based stationary phases with different chiral selector coverage for enantioselective separation of selected drugs in high-performance liquid chromatography

Two vancomycin-based chiral stationary phases (CSPs) with different coverage of the chiral selector vancomycin (Chirobiotic V and Chirobiotic V2) were compared. beta-Blockers and profens, as structurally diverse groups of drugs, were chosen as analytes. Retention and enantioseparation of beta-blockers were studied in reversed-phase (RP) and polar-organic (PO) separation modes. Higher retention and better enantioresolution were obtained on the CSP with higher coverage of vancomycin in the both separation modes. Baseline separation of four beta-blockers (eight enantiomers) in the PO mode was achieved on the Chirobiotic V2 column within 15 min. The enantioseparation of profens did not bring so excellent and easy to interpret results. Higher retention of profens on the Chirobiotic V2 column was not always accompanied by an improvement of their chiral separation in the RP mode. The polar-organic mode was not suitable for these derivatives at all. The most interesting result was obtained with flobufen; its chiral center is further away from the rigid part of the molecule, which mostly causes difficulties in enantioselective recognition. Nevertheless, the enantiomers of flobufen were shown to be much better (baseline) resolved on the CSP with lower coverage of the chiral selector (Chirobiotic V).     

万古霉素手性固定相分离克伦特罗对映体

应用万古霉素手性固定相对克伦特罗对映体进行了分离,考察了洗脱模式、流动相组成、柱温等因素对分离的影响,并对其分离机制进行了探讨.最佳色谱条件为:甲醇-冰醋酸-三乙胺(体积比100:0.01:0.01),流速1.0mL/min,柱温20℃.在此条件下,克伦特罗对映体可实现基线分离,最大分离度可达2.67.克伦特罗对映体与固定相之间的离子相互作用是实现对映体分离的最主要分离机制.     

High-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of 2-aminomono- and dihydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic and 2-aminodihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acids on macrocyclic glycopeptide-based phases

The direct separation of the enantiomers of four 2-aminomono- or dihydroxycyclopentanecarboxylic acids and four 2-aminodihydroxycyclohexanecarboxylic acids was performed on chiral stationary phases containing macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotics such as teicoplanin (Astec Chirobiotic T and T2), teicoplanin aglycone (Chirobiotic TAG) or ristocetin A (Chirobiotic R) as chiral selectors. The effects of the nature of organic modifiers, the pH, the mobile phase composition and the structures of the analytes on the separation were investigated. Chirobiotic TAG, and in some cases Chirobiotic T, proved to be the most useful of these columns. The elution sequence was determined in most cases.