基于B-H键的活化对含B-C、B-Cl、B-P键的碳硼烷硼端衍生物的合成与表征

在路易斯酸催化下,碳硼烷分别与对氰基溴化苄、三苯基膦在甲苯溶液里回流,前者反应中,制备得碳硼烷的硼端与对氰基苄基中的亚甲基直接偶联的产物1,通过调整催化剂的含量,可以显著地提高含B-Cl键的产物2的产率;与三苯基膦的反应中,碳硼烷失去一个硼顶,并与三苯基膦中的P原子直接偶联,生成含B-P键的巢式碳硼烷衍生物3。对此两类化合物进行了核磁、质谱、红外及单晶衍射等表征。化合物1和2中均发现碳硼烷的CH与N形成CH…N氢键和CH…π的弱作用,其中化合物2中,还存在CH…Cl。在巢式化合物3中,发现碳硼烷的CH参与了罕见的CH…HC相互作用。这类反应成功合成了含有B-C、B-Cl、B-P键的碳硼烷衍生物。     

基于B-H键的活化对含B-C、B-Cl、B-P键的碳硼烷硼端衍生物的合成与表征

在路易斯酸催化下,碳硼烷分别与对氰基溴化苄、三苯基膦在甲苯溶液里回流,前者反应中,制备得碳硼烷的硼端与对氰基苄基中的亚甲基直接偶联的产物1,通过调整催化剂的含量,可以显著地提高含B-Cl键的产物2的产率;与三苯基膦的反应中,碳硼烷失去一个硼顶,并与三苯基膦中的P原子直接偶联,生成含B-P键的巢式碳硼烷衍生物3。对此两类化合物进行了核磁、质谱、红外及单晶衍射等表征。化合物1和2中均发现碳硼烷的CH与N形成CH…N氢键和CH…π的弱作用,其中化合物2中,还存在CH…Cl。在巢式化合物3中,发现碳硼烷的CH参与了罕见的CH…HC相互作用。这类反应成功合成了含有B-C、B-Cl、B-P键的碳硼烷衍生物。     

含碳硼烷膦氧配体镍、铱化合物的合成与表征

碳硼烷双膦配体L1分别与三苯基膦氯化镍(NiCl2(PPh3)2)和1,5-环辛二烯氯化铱(IrCl(COD))在空气中反应生成含巢式碳硼烷膦氧配体的镍、铱化合物1和2。本文对此两个化合物进行了核磁、质谱、红外及单晶衍射等表征。化合物1中溶剂分子氯仿与主体结构存在着常见的Cl…H氢键作用和较少见的CH…π作用,化合物2是首例以膦氧配体形成的Ir(Ⅰ)配合物,同时由于金属的差别导致了碳硼烷双膦配体被氧化程度的不同形成了新颖的碳硼烷[P,O]和[O,O]配体。     

含碳硼烷膦氧配体镍、铱化合物的合成与表征

碳硼烷双膦配体L1分别与三苯基膦氯化镍(NiCl₂(PPh₃)₂)和1,5-环辛二烯氯化铱(IrCl(COD))在空气中反应生成含巢式碳硼烷膦氧配体的镍、铱化合物1和2。本文对此两个化合物进行了核磁、质谱、红外及单晶衍射等表征。化合物1中溶剂分子氯仿与主体结构存在着常见的Cl…H氢键作用和较少见的CH…π作用,化合物2是首例以膦氧配体形成的Ir(Ⅰ)配合物,同时由于金属的差别导致了碳硼烷双膦配体被氧化程度的不同形成了新颖的碳硼烷[P,O]和[O,O]配体。     

碳硼烷和碳硼炔金属配合物中金属-碳键的化学性质

碳硼烷和碳硼炔金属配合物中的金属-碳键具有不同于经典金属-碳键的化学性质.一方面,二十面体碳硼烷独特的电子和空间效应使得碳硼烷金属配合物中的金属-碳键不参与和不饱和分子的反应 另一方面,在一定条件下具有大空间位阻的碳硼笼可以诱导某些碳-碳偶联反应.然而,碳硼炔金属配合物中的金属-碳键能与多种不饱和分子发生反应,其反应模式取决于中心金属离子的电子构型.本文简要总结了我们近期在这方面的研究进展.     

钯催化硼-碳和硼-杂原子键构建一锅法合成双官能团化邻-碳硼烷※

碳硼烷是由碳氢和硼氢顶点组成的笼状分子, 在医药、能源和材料等领域有着重要应用, 但目前在碳硼烷硼顶点引入杂原子取代基的方法还较为有限. 基于此, 本工作从3-碘-邻-碳硼烷出发, 通过钯催化烯基化、金属迁移及后续与杂原子亲核试剂的偶联反应, 一锅法构筑硼碳键和硼杂原子键, 成功实现了一系列新型3-烯基-4-胺基/烷氧基/烷(芳)硫基-邻-碳硼烷衍生物的合成.     

实时直接分析高分辨质谱技术研究碳硼烷类化合物

该文运用高分辨质谱技术对实时直接分析(Direct analysis in real time,DART)离子化条件下碳硼烷化合物的质谱行为进行了研究,对碳硼烷化合物DART高分辨质谱中所得到的同位素峰簇进行了表征与归属。研究结果表明,选取的碳硼烷化合物在DART负离子条件下均能得到较好的质谱信号,这可能与硼笼结构的“缺电性”有关。含10个B原子的碳硼烷化合物形成的离子同位素峰簇信号中,通常情况下相对丰度最高的同位素峰中含2个10B以及8个11B。将碳硼烷化合物高分辨质谱分析的精确m/z数据信息与图谱中同位素峰轮廓分析相结合,是碳硼烷化合物有效的质谱定性分析与表征策略。     

碳硼烷硼氢键选择性官能团化的研究进展

由于独特的三维立体结构、硼含量高、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性等特点,碳硼烷及其衍生物在材料、催化、医药、超分子和配位化学等领域应用广泛,因此发展高效、高区域选择性的碳硼烷B-H键的官能团化的方法学备受硼化学家的关注。本文对近年来碳硼烷B-H键的官能团化的反应类型及相关反应机理予以论述,希望为后续研究提供可靠的参考。     

碳硼烷硼氢键选择性官能团化的研究进展

由于独特的三维立体结构、硼含量高、良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性等特点,碳硼烷及其衍生物在材料、催化、医药、超分子和配位化学等领域应用广泛,因此发展高效、高区域选择性的碳硼烷B-H键的官能团化的方法学备受硼化学家的关注。本文对近年来碳硼烷B-H键的官能团化的反应类型及相关反应机理予以论述,希望为后续研究提供可靠的参考。     

1-碘-2-锂-邻碳硼烷与环戊二烯衍生物的类Diels-Alder反应的理论研究

运用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法对1-碘-2-锂-邻碳硼烷与亚甲基环戊二烯衍生物的类Diels-Alder反应进行了理论研究.计算结果显示：1-碘-2-锂-邻碳硼烷与亚甲基环戊二烯衍生物的类Diels-Alder反应为分步过程,需要依次经过脱LiI形成碳硼炔、碳硼炔与亚甲基环戊二烯成键、碳硼烷基1,2-σ迁移和成环四个过程才能形成与Diels-Alder反应形式相同的产物.其中碳硼烷基的1,2-σ迁移过程为整个反应的决速步,在353 K的实验条件下需要越过28.3 kcal•mol^-1的自由能垒才能形成相应的碳硼烷基降冰片烯衍生物,理论预测的反应速率与实验结果较好吻合.自然键轨道理论（NBO）分析结果显示：该反应与正常电子需求的Diels-Alder反应（NEDDA）具有相似的电子结构特征.文中还对反应底物的取代基效应进行了讨论,并得到了与实验数据基本一致的结果.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.