硝酸钾-硫氰酸铵-水体系萃取浮选铜间接测定甲巯咪唑

建立了KNO3-NH4SCN-水体系萃取浮选铜间接测定甲巯咪唑的新方法.研究表明:在SCN-存在下,控制溶液pH 4.0～6.0,Cu(Ⅱ)可被甲巯咪唑分子中的巯基还原生成的Cu(I)与SCN-形成CuSCN白色乳状沉淀,加入KNO3可使该沉淀浮选至水相表面,通过测定溶液中剩余Cu(Ⅱ)的量,从而间接测定甲巯咪唑的含量.CuSCN的浮选率(E%)与甲巯咪唑的质量浓度呈良好的线性关系.当Cu(Ⅱ)加入量为50 μg时,测得线性范围为0.25～3.00 μg/mL(相关系数为0.9996).检出限为0.097 μg/mL.该法可用于片剂、血清、尿样中甲巯咪唑的测定.     

丙醇-水体系萃取浮选铜间接测定硫氰酸根

试验表明, 在SCN-存在下, Cu(Ⅱ)能被抗坏血酸还原为Cu(Ⅰ), Cu(Ⅰ)与SCN-形成CuSCN沉淀, 该沉淀在丙醇与水分相过程中, 能很好的浮选于丙醇/水界面之间, 通过测定Cu(Ⅱ)浮选率, 能间接测定SCN-的量, 据此建立了测痕量SCN-的新方法, 多数常见阴、阳离子不干扰测定. 测定的线性范围为3.0×10-6～7.8×10-5 mol/L, 检出限为1.5×10-6 mol/L, 回收率为95.7%～103%. 用于尿样与唾液中SCN-的测定.     

丙醇-水体系萃取浮选铜光度法间接测定硫离子

研究表明,Cu(Ⅱ)与 S2-形成CuS沉淀,在丙醇与水分相过程中,能被浮选于丙醇/水两相界面之间.Cu(Ⅱ)浮选率与S2-的量之间存在着良好的线性关系,据此建立了间接测定痕量S2-的新方法,线性范围2.2×10-8～3.2×10-6 g/mL,检出限为1.6×10-8 g/mL.常见多数阴、阳离子均不干扰测定,可用于污水与温泉水中痕量S2-的测定.     

异丙醇-硫酸铵-水体系浮选硫氰酸亚铜法间接测定硫普罗宁

研究表明:控制溶液pH4.0,在SCN-存在下,Cu(Ⅱ)被硫普罗宁分子中的巯基(SH)还原生成的Cu(Ⅰ)与SCN-形成CuSCN白色乳状沉淀。该沉淀能被浮选在异丙醇/水两相界面之间。通过测定溶液中剩余Cu(Ⅱ)的量,从而间接测定硫普罗宁的量。硫普罗宁测量的线性范围0.30～12.0mg/L;检出限为0.20mg/L。本方法可直接用于片剂、血清、尿样中硫普罗宁含量的测定,结果满意。     

硝酸钠-碘化钾-十六烷基三甲基氯化铵-水体系浮选分离铜(Ⅱ)的研究

研究了硝酸钠-碘化钾-十六烷基三甲基氯化铵-水体系浮选铜(Ⅱ)的行为及其与常见离子分离的条件.试验表明,在1.0 g NaNO3存在下,当体系中碘化钾和十六烷基三甲基氯化铵(CTMAC)溶液的用量分别为2.0×10-2 mol/L和1.0×10-3mol/L,控制pH 5.0时,Cu(Ⅱ)与I-形成的CuI沉淀能被CTMAC浮选,而Zn(Ⅱ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、C0(Ⅱ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)等不被浮选,从而实现Cu(Ⅱ)与这些离子之间的定量分离.本法对合成水样中微量铜进行了定量浮选分离,结果满意.     

在NaCl和SCN~-存在下浮选铜(Ⅱ)间接测定十六烷基三甲基溴化铵

研究了NaCl和NH4SCN浮选Cu(Ⅱ)间接测定十六烷基三甲基溴化铵的新方法。在水溶液中,Cu(Ⅱ)与SCN-和CTMAB缔合生成沉淀,在NaCl存在下,此沉淀被浮选。实验表明,Cu(Ⅱ)的浮选率与CTMAB的量在3.6~54.7 mg/L范围内呈良好的线性关系。CTMAB的检出限为1.8μg/mL。方法已用于合成水样和自来水中CTMAB的测定。     

异丙醇-硫酸铵-水体系浮选铜(Ⅱ)-SCN~--CPC离子缔合物间接光度法测定氯化十六烷基吡啶

试验表明:在酸度为pH 1.0~6.0的水溶液中铜(Ⅱ)与硫氰酸根离子和氯化十六烷基吡啶(CPC)所生成的离子缔合沉淀,可从含有异丙醇3.0 mL及固体硫酸铵2.0 g,且总体积为10 mL的溶液中定量浮选分离。在反应体系中加入固定且过量的铜(Ⅱ),在浮选分离后,用PAR光度法在波长510 nm处测定下层盐水相中留剩的铜(Ⅱ)。计算结果显示所得铜(Ⅱ)的浮选率与CPC浓度在1.0×10-5~1.2×10-4mol.L-1范围内呈线性关系。将此方法应用于间接测定模拟水样中CPC含量,测得CPC的回收率在95.0%~105.0%之间,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=5)在0.69%~1.54%之间。     

十六烷基三甲基溴化铵-硫氰酸铵-氯化钠体系浮选分离钌(Ⅲ)

在水溶液中,Ru(Ⅲ)与硫氰酸铵、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵形成不溶于水的三元缔合物.在少量NaCl存在下,此三元缔合物沉淀浮于盐水相上层形成界面清晰的液-固两相,当溶液中硫氰酸铵、十六铵基三甲基溴化铵和氯化钠的浓度分别为0.20 mol/L、1×10-3 mol/L,0.1 g/mL, pH=5.0时, Ru(Ⅲ)被定量浮选.Cr(Ⅲ)、Mn(Ⅱ)、Al(Ⅲ)、Ni(Ⅱ)、Co(Ⅱ)、Fe(Ⅱ)、Au(Ⅲ)离子在该体系中不被浮选,从而使Ru(Ⅲ)与这些离子定量分离,对合成水样进行的定量浮选分离测定,结果满意.     

在NaNO3存在下浮选CuSCN间接测定抗坏血酸

建立了浮选CuSCN间接测定抗坏血酸(Vc)的方法。研究表明,在NaNO3存在下,Cu(Ⅱ)被抗坏血酸还原生成的Cu(Ⅰ)与SCN-形成CuSCN沉淀而被浮选。结果表明,Vc量在2.64~15.8 mg/L范围内与CuSCN的浮选率呈良好的线性关系,回归方程为:E/%=6.008ρ-3.673,r=0.9962。此方法可用于水果和药片中Vc量测定。     

氯化铵-硫氰酸铵-十二烷基三甲基溴化铵-水体系浮选分离汞(Ⅱ)

结果表明:在1.0 g氯化铵存在下,当0.1 mol·L-1硫氰酸铵溶液和1.0×10-3mol·L-1十二烷基三甲基溴化铵(DTAB)溶液的用量分别为0.5,1.0 mL时,且溶液的总体为10 mL,硫氰酸铵DTAB汞(Ⅱ)三元缔合物可浮于盐水相上形成界面清晰的两相,从而使汞(Ⅱ)被定量浮选,而Zn2+,Mn2+,Ni2+,Co2+,Cu2+,Cd2+等离子在此体系中不被浮选,实现了汞(Ⅱ)与这些常见离子之间的定量分离,对合成水样中微量汞(Ⅱ)进行定量浮选分离测定,浮选率为98.2%～102.0%.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Effect of the Method of Modification of Zeolite X on Selectivity of Catalytic Methylation of Toluene

Theoretical and Experimental Chemistry - The effect of the method of modification of catalysts based on zeolite X by cesium and magnesium cations (ion exchange and impregnation) on the selectivity...