自组装和共缩聚法制备磺酸基修饰的硅柱磷酸锆

以十六胺插层磷酸锆为原料,利用十二烷基二甲基苄基氯化铵为导向模板剂,通过正硅酸乙酯和巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷的层间共水解缩聚,并结合双氧水对巯丙基的熏蒸氧化,制备了磺酸基修饰的硅柱磷酸锆材料。通过XRD、SEM、N2吸附-脱附和FT-IR等方法对柱撑材料进行了结构表征。结果表明,通过调变预撑剂和模板剂中的碳链长度可以优化材料的柱撑结构和孔结构,磺酸基修饰的材料孔径分布在2.17 nm左右,比表面积可达163 m2·g-1,且保留有规整有序的柱撑磷酸锆层板结构。磺酸基的修饰则成功调变了材料的酸位性质,Br觟nsted酸量最高可达2.71 mmol·g-1,总酸量可达5.20 mmol·g-1。利用柠檬酸与正丁醇的酯化反应为探针反应,由于磺酸基修饰的硅柱磷酸锆材料具有独特的空间反应效应和较为丰富的Br觟nsted酸位,酯化反应转化率最高可达95.74%。     

硅铝柱撑磷酸锆的合成及在大豆油甲酯环氧化反应中的催化性能

基于模板剂导向组装的方法制备了硅铝柱撑磷酸锆.对材料结构进行了表征,分析了硅铝柱撑结构的形成机制.结果表明,材料中铝分别以四面体与八面体的形式嵌入在柱撑结构的内部和层板表面.通过大豆油甲酯的环氧化反应考察了所得硅铝柱撑磷酸锆的催化性能,其催化选择性可达91.7%.反应历程的分析结果表明良好的层板柱撑结构使大分子的反应物能与层间活性位充分接触.硅铝柱撑磷酸锆的酸位特点及催化反应的动力学分析表明,铝源的引入提高了柱撑材料的Lewis酸含量,改善了柱撑磷酸锆对大豆油甲酯环氧化的催化性能.     

活性炭催化碳酸二甲酯水解行为的研究

以无氯Cu/AC催化剂中活性炭载体为研究对象,对活性炭上DMC水解反应条件进行了考察,并通过Boehm滴定法和XPS对活性炭上DMC水解活性位点进行了分析。结果表明,温度的升高和水含量的增加对DMC水解有较大的促进作用,较高的压力和CO₂气氛对DMC水解有一定的抑制作用,甲醇量和CO、O₂、N₂气氛对DMC水解影响较小。不同条件处理的活性炭表面基团种类、数量均有较大变化,HNO₃处理使活性炭碱性基团含量下降,羧基等酸性含氧官能团含量明显增加,总酸量最高可达1.88 mmol·g^-1;先HNO₃后NaOH处理的活性炭上酸性基团含量大量减少,表面碱性基团含量则有较大提高,总碱量最高可达1.69 mmol·g^-1。特别地,活性炭表面碱性基团是催化DMC水解的活性位点,在活性炭碱性基团含量由0.16增加到1.69 mmol·g^-1的过程中,DMC水解程度由2.5%增加到了31.7%,而酸处理可以有效降低活性炭表面碱性基团含量,抑制其催化DMC的水解性能。     

双金属有机骨架衍生的Fe-CrSe/C负极材料制备及储锂性能

为了开发电化学性能优异的新型金属有机骨架基衍生材料,以对苯二甲酸、三氯化铬和九水合硝酸铁作为原料,通过微波法合成了双金属有机骨架材料（Fe-Cr-MOF）。在氮气保护下,对Fe-Cr-MOF进行高温硒化得到纳米颗粒状Fe-CrSe/C复合材料,用作锂离子电池负极。结果表明,在100 mA·g^-1的电流密度下,Fe-CrSe/C电极的首圈可逆比容量达到958.4 mAh·g^-1,循环150圈后比容量还能维持891.6 mAh·g^-1。     

三维有序大孔Fe2SiO4/SiO2@C锂离子电池负极纳米玻璃陶瓷-碳复合材料制备及电化学性能

以聚苯乙烯（PS）胶晶作为铸模,采用纳米铸造工艺及后续煅烧的方法合成了三维有序大孔Fe₂SiO₄/SiO₂@C纳米玻璃陶瓷锂离子电池负极材料。溶胶-凝胶工艺产生的凝胶在650℃氩气氛炉中煅烧后,Fe₂SiO₄纳米晶体从含铁元素的SiO₂基玻璃中结晶析出,形成由Fe₂SiO₄纳米晶体、铁离子（Fe³⁺）修饰的玻璃态SiO₂和非晶碳组成的三维有序大孔纳米玻璃陶瓷。在50 mA·g^-1电流密度下进行充放电时,其放电容量可达450 mAh·g^-1以上,电流密度增加到250 mA·g^-1时可逆放电容量仍旧稳定地保持在260 mAh·g^-1,而具有同样有序大孔结构和含碳量的非晶态SiO₂@C材料的放电比容量在50 mA·g^-1电流密度时仅为15 mAh·g^-1。这些结果表明,Fe₂SiO₄纳米晶体及Fe³⁺有助于SiO₂基玻璃陶瓷实现可逆储锂过程。     

锆钇柱撑蒙脱土负载Pd催化剂的催化性能研究

合成了锆钇柱撑蒙脱土(Zr-Y-MMT)载体,并用于丙酮、甲苯和乙酸乙酯的催化氧化。通过XRD、TEM及N₂吸附-脱附技术对Zr-Y-MMT载体和负载Pd催化剂(Pd/Zr-Y-MMT)进行了表征。XRD结果显示,经锆钇柱撑后蒙脱土的层间距由1.27 nm增大至1.78 nm;N₂吸脱附结果表明,经锆钇柱撑后,其比表面积有了很大的增加,由62 m²·g^-1增大至395 m²·g^-1。活性评价结果发现,Zr-Y-MMT载体比Na-MMT有更好的催化活性,其完全氧化丙酮、甲苯和乙酸乙酯的温度分别为320 ℃、350 ℃和290 ℃。此外,当此载体上负载0.1wt%Pd时,其用于完全氧化甲苯的活性有了明显的改进。     

氧化硅柱撑磺化磷酸-苯膦酸锆的合成及性能

以磷酸-苯膦酸锆为层板,合成并表征了硅柱撑的层柱磷酸-苯膦酸锆,并磺化了其中的苯环.磺化后的产物具有较高的酸量,在酯化反应中催化活性与硫酸相当.     

中空碳双面修饰的隔膜在高性能锂硫电池中的应用

为减少多硫化锂(LIPs) “穿梭效应” 及锂枝晶对锂硫电池的影响,采用刮涂法制备中空碳材料修饰隔膜。接触角测试表明修饰隔膜对 LIPs具有更强的吸引力, 其对 LIPs “穿梭” 的有效抑制也可以通过渗透性实验进一步得到印证。在隔膜的正极对称电池测试中, 电流响应显示中空碳材料的催化使 LIPs快速转化为Li₂S。通过隔膜的负极对称电池测试发现修饰隔膜呈现出更稳定的电压-时间曲线。为证明隔膜修饰对锂硫电池性能改进的效果, 分别采用聚丙烯(PP)隔膜、单面改性和双面改性的 PP隔膜组装成纽扣电池并进行电化学测试, 其中电极材料的硫负载量为 1.8~2.0 mg·cm^-2。GITT(恒电流间歇滴定法)测试和锂离子扩散系数计算表明, 改性隔膜的离子传输更快且阻抗较小。通过分析第 1、5、10、50及 100次的充放电循环阻抗谱图发现, 中空碳材料的多通道能够为锂离子的传输提供更多的通道, 因此能够使锂离子具有更加稳定的扩散行为。在电流密度为 0.2 C时, 由双面改性隔膜组装的锂硫电池在首次充放电时有 1 035 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量, 700圈后仍有 500 mAh·g^-1的高比容量,并在高硫负载时表现出 500 mAh·g^-1的可逆比容量。双面修饰隔膜赋予了锂硫电池优异的电化学性能, 这是由于中空碳材料的修饰加速了 LIPs的转化和吸附, 有效缓解了 LIPs的穿梭效应, 且对锂枝晶有很好的抑制作用, 提高了锂硫电池的安全性。     

氮掺杂碳层包覆金属钴颗粒与氮掺杂石墨烯纳米复合材料作为高容量锂离子电池负极材料

合成了一种石墨烯基纳米复合材料即：由氮掺杂碳层包覆的金属钴纳米颗粒,充分分散于氮掺杂的石墨烯表面。这种纳米复合材料进一步提高了石墨烯的导电性,增加了石墨烯的储锂容量。该材料被用作锂离子电池负极材料,在性能测试中展现了良好的循环性能,在以100 mA·g^-1的电流密度循环200圈后,放电容量高达950.1 mAh·g^-1,库伦效率约为98%。     

氮掺杂碳层包覆金属钴颗粒与氮掺杂石墨烯纳米复合材料作为高容量锂离子电池负极材料

合成了一种石墨烯基纳米复合材料即：由氮掺杂碳层包覆的金属钴纳米颗粒,充分分散于氮掺杂的石墨烯表面。这种纳米复合材料进一步提高了石墨烯的导电性,增加了石墨烯的储锂容量。该材料被用作锂离子电池负极材料,在性能测试中展现了良好的循环性能,在以100 mA·g^-1的电流密度循环200圈后,放电容量高达950.1 mAh·g^-1,库伦效率约为98%。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.     

Facile synthesis of bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones

In this Letter, we described a facile method for constructing fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-one ring system. We employed various methylene-containing carboxylic acids as the substrates and proved that the pyrazolone ring closure requires activated methylene group in intermediate II. Accordingly, a series of structurally diversified, fused bicyclic 1-arylpyrazol-5-ones was prepared in moderate to high yields using the requisite substrates.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.