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The arrival of a negative customer to a queueing system causes one positive customer to be removed if any is present. Continuous-time queues with negative and positive customers have been thoroughly investigated over the last two decades. On the other hand, a discrete-time Geo/Geo/1 queue with negative and positive customers appeared only recently in the literature. We extend this Geo/Geo/1 queue to a corresponding GI/Geo/1 queue. We present both the stationary queue length distribution and the sojourn time distribution. 相似文献
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Direct- and pulse-current (DC and PC) chromium electroplating on Cr-Mo steel were performed in a sulfate-catalyzed chromic acid solution at 50 °C using a rotating cylinder electrode (RCE). The electroplating cathodic current densities were at 30, 40, 50 and 60 A dm−2, respectively. The relationship between electroplating current efficiency and the rotating speed of the RCE was studied. The cross-sectional microstructure of Cr-deposit was examined by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Results showed that DC-plating exhibited higher current efficiency than the PC-plating under the same conditions of electroplating current density and the rotating speed. We found the critical rotating speed of RCE used in the chromium electroplating, above this rotating speed the chromium deposition is prohibited. At the same plating current density, the critical rotating speed for DC-plating was higher than that for PC-plating. The higher plating current density is, the larger difference in critical rotating speeds appears between DC- and PC-electroplating. Equiaxed grains, in a nanoscale size with lower dislocation density, nucleate on the cathodic surface in both DC- and PC-electroplating. Adjacent to the equiaxed grains, textured grains were found in other portion of chromium deposit. Fine columnar grains were observed in the DC-electroplated deposit. On the other hand, very long slender grains with high degree of preferred orientation were detected in PC-electroplated deposit. 相似文献
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A new artificial neural network that can reject strange patterns is presented. The new network is an improved version of the RCE network. Each cell in the last layer of the present network has two thresholds. The new threshold produces the smallest boundary that encloses all examples associated with the cell in the pattern vector space. The present network can reject strange patterns by using this boundary. The rejection of strange patterns in the present and RCE networks was investigated by practical experiments using digits sampled from X-ray films of the human chest. 相似文献
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In this paper, the design of a resonant cavity-enhanced (RCE) Schottky photodetector, based on internal photoemission effect and working at 1.55 μm, is presented. In order to estimate the theoretical quantum efficiency we take the advantage of analytical formulation of the internal photoemission effect (Fowler theory), and its extension for thin films, while for the optical analysis of device a numerical method, based on the transfer matrix method, has been implemented. Finally, we complete our design calculating bandwidth and bandwidth-efficiency product.Our numerical results prove that a quantum efficiency of 0.1% is obtained at resonant wavelength (1.55 μm) with a very thin absorbing metal layer (30 nm). Theoretical values of 100 GHz and 100 MHz were obtained, respectively, for the carrier-transit time limited 3-dB bandwidth and bandwidth-efficiency. The proposed photodetector can work at room temperature and its fabrication is completely compatible with standard silicon technology. 相似文献
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