用病毒和抑制剂来治疗癌症的组合治疗数学模型

本文考虑一种用肿瘤学上的病毒和抑制剂来治疗癌症的组合治疗方法.具复制能力的基因改变的腺病毒感染癌细胞, 在其中复制再生并最终引起感染的癌细胞死亡(溶解). 一旦感染的癌细胞死亡, 其中的病毒释放并接着感染其他的癌细胞.病毒能否成功进入癌细胞与Coxsackie腺病毒受体(CAR)的表达密切相关. 激活有丝分裂的蛋白质激酶(即著名的MEK)抑制剂能促进CAR的表达, 从而导致更多的病毒进入癌细胞.然而, MEK抑制剂也能引起短暂的G1细胞循环停止, 从而抑制病 毒的复制再生.为了设计一个有效的治疗方案, 在病毒感染的促进与病毒复制的抑制之间必须取得一个最优平衡.我们用一个数学模型来刻画病毒和抑制剂对癌细胞的影响, 并用该模型来探讨: 如何用上述组合治疗方法来促使肿瘤体积减少.进一步, 对一定的初始细胞密度, 我们发现了一个最优的抑制剂剂量.另外, 最优的抑制剂实施时间也被数值地研究.     

Inverse Optimizing Method of Bio-Temperature-Field Reconstruction in rf-Capacitive Hyperthermia

We propose an inverse optimizing method, used in rf-capacitive hyperthermia to obtain a certain target tumour temperature and to avoid the over-heating of normal tissues. Based on the finite-element-method solutions of the Laplace electric potential equation and Penne‘s bio-heat transfer equation, the heating conditions are modified by the genetic algorithms recursively to minimize the objective function for searching an optimum physical configuration. With a simplified human tissue model extracted from an x-ray computed tomography slice which has deep- and shallow-seated turnouts, satisfactory simulation results are obtained both on bi-plate and three-plate systems, e.g. The tumour temperature is higher than 43℃ and the temperature of normal tissues is lower than 39℃. It is suggested that the proposed algorithm is snitable for both shallow and deep seated cancer oncology.     

In Vivo Monitoring of Neovascularization in Tumour Angiogenesis by Photoacoustic Tomography

Photoacoustic tomography （PAT） is presented to in vivo monitor neovascularization in tumour angiogenesis with high resolution and high contrast images in a rat. With a circular scan system, the photoacoustic signal, generated by laser pulses at a wavelength of 532nm from a Q-switched Nd：YAG laser is captured by a hydrophone with a diameter of 1 mm and a sensitivity of 850nV/Pa. The vascular structure around the rat tumour is imaged clearly, with optimal contrast, because blood has strong absorption near this wavelength. Serial noninvasive photoacoustic images of neovascularization in tumour angiogenesis are also obtained consecutively from a growing tumour implanted under the skin of a rat over a period of two weeks. This work demonstrates that PAT can potentially provide a powerful tool for tumour angiogenesis detection in cancer research. It will bring us closer to clinical applications for tumour diagnosis and treatment monitoring.     

基于核磁和质谱分析技术的代谢组学在癌症诊断中的应用

本文对近年来用于癌症诊断的新方法——代谢组学及其在该领域内的应用进行了简要介绍。代谢组学通过定性与定量测量生物样本(血液、尿液、组织等)中数以千计的小分子代谢物,可灵敏地反映代谢组中与病理状态有关的细微变化,从而可为癌症的早期诊断及更好地理解癌变过程提供一种新颖的思路。本文还讨论了代谢组学与系统生物学中其它一些组学在癌症检测上的关联,介绍了一些用代谢组学进行不同癌症的诊断、治疗监测以及药物开发的前期研究工作,并探讨了用于临床癌症诊断的代谢组学方法所面临的机遇、挑战与未来发展方向。     

快中子治癌

 快中子治癌研究是核科学技术在医学领域的应用研究项目,是核粒子束流应用于肿瘤放射治疗的前沿研究重要课题之一.这是涉及到放射物理学、放射生物学、放射肿瘤学等学科交叉的研究课题.