对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性

利用标量化方法建立对称向量拟均衡问题有效解的存在性定理。作为标量化方法的应用，利用这一方法得到向量变分不等式和拟向量变分不等式有效解的存在性定理。     

基于NiCo2O4纳米片电极的非对称混合电容器

The looming global energy crisis and ever-increasing energy demands have catalyzed the development of renewable energy storage systems. In this regard, supercapacitors (SCs) have attracted widespread attention because of their advantageous attributes such as high power density, excellent cycle stability, and environmental friendliness. However, SCs exhibit low energy density and it is important to optimize electrode materials to improve the overall performance of these devices. Among the various electrode materials available, spinel nickel cobaltate (NiCo₂O₄) is particularly interesting because of its excellent theoretical capacitance. Based on the understanding that the performances of the electrode materials strongly depend on their morphologies and structures, in this study, we successfully synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets on Ni foam via a simple hydrothermal route followed by calcination. The structures and morphologies of the as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area analysis, and the results showed that they were uniformly distributed on the Ni foam support. The surface chemical states of the elements in the samples were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ products were then tested as cathode materials for supercapacitors in a traditional three-electrode system. The electrochemical performances of the NiCo₂O₄ electrode materials were studied and the area capacitance was found to be 1.26 C·cm^-2 at a current density of 1 mA·cm^-2. Furthermore, outstanding cycling stability with 97.6% retention of the initial discharge capacitance after 10000 cycles and excellent rate performance (67.5% capacitance retention with the current density from 1 to 14 mA·cm^-2) were achieved. It was found that the Ni foam supporting the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets increased the conductivity of the electrode materials. However, it is worth noting that the contribution of nickel foam to the areal capacitance of the electrode materials was almost zero during the charge and discharge processes. To further investigate the practical application of the as-synthesized NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets-based electrode, a device was assembled with the as-prepared samples as the positive electrode and active carbon (AC) as the negative electrode. The assembled supercapacitor showed energy densities of 0.14 and 0.09 Wh·cm^-3 at 1.56 and 4.5 W·cm^-3, respectively. Furthermore, it was able to maintain 95% of its initial specific capacitance after 10000 cycles. The excellent electrochemical performance of the NiCo₂O₄ nanosheets could be ascribed to their unique spatial structure composed of interconnected ultrathin nanosheets, which facilitated electron transportation and ion penetration, suggesting their potential applications as electrode materials for high performance supercapacitors. The present synthetic route can be extended to other ternary transition metal oxides/sulfides for future energy storage devices and systems.     

绝对重力测量异常值的局部异常因子检测算法

自主研发绝对重力仪的测量结果中出现的离群程度不同的异常值会直接影响测量结果的准确度和测量精度。目前一般采用的一元正态分布异常值检测算法漏检率高,容易造成测量结果的偏差和测量精度的下降。利用人工智能算法中的局部异常因子异常值检测算法,可以在线、快速、高效地完成自主研发绝对重力测量数据的异常值检测。首先,根据实测数据构建测试数据集,利用数值模拟确定局部异常因子算法邻域宽度参数的取值;然后,基于实测数据进行异常值检测并进行结果评估。评估结果表明,局部异常因子异常值检测算法对离群程度不同、连续出现异常值等情况检测效果明显优于一元正态分布异常值检测算法,组测量精度平均提高9.37μGal,可以作为自主研发绝对重力仪异常值检测的通用算法完成组测量结果的异常值检测。     

构造局部不等式处理n元条件极值问题

本文从一道竞赛题出发介绍处理n元条件极值问题的一种策略,通过分析已知的等量关系,猜测与试探取得最值的条件,寻找并建立局部不等式,完成问题的求解或证明,并举例说明这一解法的应用.     

GARCH模型的贝叶斯局部影响分析及其应用

广义自回归条件异方差(GARCH)模型能够很好地刻画金融资产收益二阶矩的相依关系,因此在金融时间序列中受到了广泛的应用。在GARCH模型的框架下,本文利用贝叶斯局部影响分析来评价先验、个体观测和样本分布的微小扰动的影响,利用扰动模型来刻画不同类型的扰动形式。我们构建了扰动模型的贝叶斯扰动形式,计算其几何量来表征扰动模型的内部结构。基于几个目标函数,本文利用几个不同的局部影响测量来量化不同扰动的程度。数值模拟研究验证了所提方法的有限样本表现。对纽约证券交易所综合指数(NYSE)和标准普尔500指数的GARCH建模说明了所提方法在实例研究中的有效性。     

玻色化方法在超对称可积系统的应用

利用玻色化方法可以避免超对称可积系统中反对易费米场带来的计算困难. 本文以N=1超对称mKdVB系统为例, 利用玻色化方法, 将其转化为只有玻色场的耦合系统. 应用标准的WTC方法, 证明了该耦合系统具有Painlevé性质. 运用Painlevé截断方法, 可以得到玻色化后超对称mKdVB系统的非局域对称. 为了求解与非局域对称相关的Lie第一性原理, 引入新的场将玻色化后系统拓展为更大的系统. 通过引入新的场, 该非局域对称局域化为Lie点对称. 因此, 可以利用Lie点对称约化方法研究拓展后的系统, 得到超对称mKdVB系统的孤子与其他孤波相互作用解.     

基于局部加密纯无网格法非线性Cahn-Hilliard方程的模拟

为数值求解描述不同物质间相位分离现象的高阶非线性Cahn-Hilliard(C-H)方程,发展了一种基于局部加密纯无网格有限点集法(local refinement finite pointset method,LR-FPM).其构造过程为:1)将C-H方程中四阶导数降阶为两个二阶导数,连续应用基于Taylor展开和加权最小二乘法的FPM离散空间导数;2)对区域进行局部加密和采用五次样条核函数以提高数值精度;3)局部线性方程组求解中准确施加含高阶导数Neumann边值条件.随后,运用LR-FPM求解有解析解的一维/二维C-H方程,分析粒子均匀分布/非均匀分布以及局部粒子加密情况的误差和收敛阶,展示了LR-FPM较网格类算法在非均匀布点情况下的优点.最后,采用LR-FPM对无解析解的一维/二维C-H方程进行了数值预测,并与有限差分结果相比较.数值结果表明,LR-FPM方法具有较高的数值精度和收敛阶,比有限差分法更易数值实现,能够准确展现不同类型材料间相位分离非线性扩散现象随时间的演化过程.     

高校教师激励与约束机制分析

最有效的管理方式是对人的激励,高校管理的核心是通过激励以最大限度地调动与发挥教师的积极性和创造性.运用博弈论方法和委托-代理理论探析信息不对称下高校教师的激励与约束机制,对教师校外兼职问题进行博弈分析,提出健全高校教师激励与约束机制的建议.     

(4R,5R)-1,3-二氧戊环-2,2-二苯基-4,5-二-[亚甲基-N,N'-(1-甲基-4-羟基苯甲醛)]的合成及其催化性能

以L-酒石酸和二苯甲酮为原料,经酯化、缩酮、加成、消除、还原和缩合等反应合成了一种新型席夫碱类化合物——(4R,5R)-1,3-二氧戊环-2,2-二苯基-4,5-二-[亚甲基-N,N'-(1-甲基-4-羟基苯甲醛)](4),其结构经1H NMR,13C NMR和LC-MS表征。以二烷基锌对苯甲醛的不对称加成为模板反应,考察了4的不对称催化性能。实验结果表明,4对该反应具有一定的催化效果(ee值52%)。     

局部Z-空间和Z-连续空间

对于一般广义子集系统Z,引入了局部Z-空间和Z-连续空间的概念,讨论了局部Z-空间的基本性质;基于收敛网,给出了局部Z-空间的等价刻画,证明了X为Z-连续空间当且仅当X为局部Z-空间。