Nano-tribological study on a super-hydrophobic film formed on rough aluminium substrates

A novel super-hydrophobic stearic acid (STA) film with a water contact angle of 166^o was prepared by chemical adsorption on aluminum wafer coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) film. The micro-tribological behavior of the super-hydrophobic STA monolayer was compared with that of the polished and PEI-coated Al surfaces. The effect of relative humidity on the adhesion and friction was investigated as well. It was found that the STA monolayer showed decreased friction, while the adhesive force was greatly decreased by increasing the surface roughness of the Al wafer to reduce the contact area between the atomic force microscope (AFM) tip and the sample surface to be tested. Thus the friction and adhesion of the Al wafer was effectively decreased by generating the STA monolayer, which indicated that it could be feasible and rational to prepare a surface with good adhesion resistance and lubricity by properly controlling the surface morphology and the chemical composition. Both the adhesion and friction decreased as the relative humidity was lowered from 65% to 10%, though the decrease extent became insignificant for the STA monolayer. The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50375151, 50323007, 10225209) and the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KJCX-SW-L2)     

超疏水涂膜的研究进展

超疏水涂膜以其独特的性能，在国防、工农业生产和日常生活中有着广泛的应用前景。但目前的制备技术制约了其在建筑外墙涂料等大型设施方面的应用。探索如何采用简单有效的方法构造和调控涂膜的双微观结构，从而获得性能持久优异的超疏水性涂膜，并有效应用于生产和生活的各个方面是这一领域研究的最终目标。本文就超疏水材料表面理论的发展和近几年来超疏水膜制备技术取得的新成果进行了概括，并指出制备超疏水涂膜存在的问题和发展方向。利用表面能极低的含氟材料，将溶胶－凝胶、相分离技术和自组装梯度功能等技术有机结合，获得适宜的表面粗糙度和微观构造，是实现超疏水涂膜工业化生产的可行途径。     

超疏水表面研究进展

综述了超疏水表面研究进展,简述了超疏水表面研究的理论基础,归纳总结了超疏水表面的制备方法及存在的问题,并介绍了功能超疏水材料研究的最新进展.指出超疏水表面因其独特的自清洁性能而成为功能材料及表面界面科学领域的研究热点之一,并就其今后的发展进行了展望.     

THE USE OF CARBOXYMETHYL ETHOXYLATE SURFACTANT TO DISSOLVE VITAMIN K1 AND TO OBTAIN LOW INTERFACIAL TENSION AND STABLE EMULSION SYSTEMS

Abstract

The presence of vitamin K₁ in human body is important for preventing the hemorrhagic disease. Due to its very long side chain, vitamin K₁ is highly insoluble in water. We have successfully dissolve a substantial amount of vitamin K₁ in solutions of a commercial surfactant containing carboxymethyl ethoxylates (Hüls B433) and obtained low interfacial tension (IFT) and stable emulsion systems. This paper will present the details of these experiments. The solubilization of vitamin K₁ was estimated from UV absorption. The IFT values were measured by using a spinning drop apparatus and all particle sizes were determined by using laser light scattering. By using the Hüls B433 surfactant and an optimum amount of CaCl₂, we can dissolve vitamin K₁ in water and obtain low IFT systems in the order of 10^?2 dyne/cm. The emulsions obtained in these systems are stable and contain droplet sizes below 65 nm. The dissolution of vitamin K₁ and the IFT behavior in these systems follow the rules for crude oil and prefer larger surfactant micelles.     

超疏水表面改善铝基材料的抗海水腐蚀性能

通过聚乙烯亚胺与十四酸的反应,在铝表面构建稳定的超疏水膜。以X射线衍射,原子力显微镜,扫描电镜,接触角测量仪等手段表征超疏水表面的形成机制与表面结构特征,并利用电化学阻抗方法研究了超疏水表面对铝在海水中的腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,在铝表面形成了一层近似珊瑚状的超疏水膜,海水的接触角大于150°。通过电化学阻抗图谱测试空白样与试样的耐腐蚀性能,表明这种特殊的表面结构的超疏水膜的确降低了铝在海水中的腐蚀速率。     

液滴撞击超疏水壁面反弹及破碎行为研究

液滴撞击壁面时,壁面亲水性对液滴撞击壁面后的变化历程具有重要的影响。利用相界面追踪的复合Level Set-VOF方法对液滴撞击超疏水壁面的运动进行了研究。研究结果表明,撞击速度较小时,液滴撞壁后发生反弹;撞击速度较大时,液滴撞壁后会发生破碎现象;初始粒径的增大和表面张力的减小,有利于液滴撞壁后产生铺展破碎现象;撞击角度对撞壁后的液滴行为具有较大的影响。通过数值模拟,给出了一定条件下液滴垂直及倾斜撞击超疏水壁面反弹及破碎的临界条件。     

纳米通道内超疏水性表面气泡的运动

疏水表面纳米气泡的运动有重要的应用价值和研究意义。本文采用分子动力学方法,模拟了纳米通道壁面为超疏水性时壁面上气泡的运动状况。在质量力驱动下,随着外界驱动力的增大,两壁面上的气泡被逐渐拉长,同时逐渐变得扁平;前端"接触角"逐渐增大,而后端"接触角"逐渐减小。纳米通道内疏水性表面的纳米气泡随着外部驱动力的变化呈现出不同的形态,变化程度随着驱动力的增大而增大。在不同驱动力作用下,两个气泡总是保持相同的速度,气泡的速度与外力驱动的大小呈线性增长趋势。随着外力的增大,边界层及通道中心速度皆呈现增大趋势。     

Single-Layer 2D Ni−BDC MOF Obtained in Supercritical CO2-Assisted Aqueous Solution

The development of an efficient strategy for fabricating two-dimensional metal-organic framework (MOF) nanosheets with high yield and high stability is desirable. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that large, single-layer 2D nickel-benzene dicarboxylate (Ni−BDC) MOF nanosheets can be fabricated with the assistance of supercritical (SC) CO₂ in a pure aqueous system. Detailed experimental evidence reveals that the SC CO₂ molecule can exchange with the lattice-coordinated H₂O molecules, side-on coordinate with the metal Ni¹ sites on the Ni−BDC surface, and finally break the interlayer hydrogen bond to exfoliate the bulk Ni−BDC into a 2D MOF. More importantly, a thin SC CO₂ layer building up at the water−Ni−BDC interfaces can transform the pristine hydrophilic interface into a super-hydrophobic one. This super-hydrophobic layer at the water-MOF interface can effectively prevent dissociation, thus promoting the stability of Ni−BDC in aqueous system.     

软模板印刷法制备超疏水性聚苯乙烯膜

首次利用软模板印刷的方法,以微米-亚微米-纳米复合结构的PDMS为软模板,在平滑聚苯乙烯表面上成功制备了同样具有微米-亚微米-纳米复合结构的超疏水表面,该表面与水的接触角高达161.2º。软模板印刷方法可以用在其它热塑性聚合物如聚丙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯和聚碳酸酯等材料上,是一种简单有效地制备超疏水性表面的方法。     

含氟环氧树脂杂化纳米二氧化硅超疏水材料的制备与性能

目前超疏水材料的制备方法大都存在着制备工艺复杂的缺点。 本文采用传统自由基聚合方法,以甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,合成具有交联性的前驱聚合物P(GMA-r-St)。 再用三氟乙酸(TFA)对其进行接枝改性,制备含氟环氧聚合物P(GMA-r-St)-g-TFA。 利用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(KH-550)改性纳米二氧化硅(SiO₂),对其进行傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、热重(TG)表征。 氨基改性的纳米二氧化硅与含氟环氧聚合物混合制备的超疏水改性材料,棉织物表面经其浸泡,可快速构建超疏水结构。 通过改变改性纳米颗粒的含量,探究其构筑的棉织物的疏水性能和耐溶剂性能。 研究结果表明,经浸泡改性的棉织物,水接触角为160°,耐溶剂性时间为130 min,具备很好的耐溶剂性。 该方法可广泛应用于多种基底材料表面的疏水改性。