超疏水涂膜的研究进展

超疏水涂膜以其独特的性能，在国防、工农业生产和日常生活中有着广泛的应用前景。但目前的制备技术制约了其在建筑外墙涂料等大型设施方面的应用。探索如何采用简单有效的方法构造和调控涂膜的双微观结构，从而获得性能持久优异的超疏水性涂膜，并有效应用于生产和生活的各个方面是这一领域研究的最终目标。本文就超疏水材料表面理论的发展和近几年来超疏水膜制备技术取得的新成果进行了概括，并指出制备超疏水涂膜存在的问题和发展方向。利用表面能极低的含氟材料，将溶胶－凝胶、相分离技术和自组装梯度功能等技术有机结合，获得适宜的表面粗糙度和微观构造，是实现超疏水涂膜工业化生产的可行途径。

Studies on Super-Hydrophobic Films

Super-hydrophobic film is of promise prospect applied in various industrial products. But it is limited by preparing techniques for use as coatings of outside building and large equipments. It is the aim to search simple and effective methods to prepare and control the micro-nano-binary-structure to get super-hydrophobic coating. Here we briefly review the development of the theory and recent progress in the process and properties of super-hydrophobic films. It is a possible way to realize industrial production of super-hydrophobic coating with appropriate roughness and microstructure by the combination of different technologies such as sol-gel, phase separation and self-assembly of low surface-energy materials.