原油三维荧光分析中猝灭现象辨析

研究了原油的三维荧光猝灭现象，指出浓度过高是原油产生荧光猝灭的主要原因，将会造成三维荧光等值线图畸变，致使定量分析数据失真，谱图特征变异，难以获取原油特征三维指纹图。提出了避免荧光猝灭的预试方法，并列出了不同类型原油的最佳测试浓度。     

Fluorescence decay and quenching of pyrene labeled on sulfonate polyelectrolytes in salt-free aqueous solutions

Fluorescence decay and quenching of pyrene labels on copolymers of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulphonic acid (AMPS) and N,N-dimethylacrylamide were observed in dilute salt-free aqueous solutions as a function of the mole fraction F_AMPS of AMPS from 0 to 0.896. Monoexponential decay was found for the samples of F_AMPS<0.35 and biexponential decay for the samples of F_AMPS>0.35. The fast decay component is 80%, and the averaged lifetime 〈τ〉 and lifetime τ₁ of the fast decay is decreased with increasing F_AMPS. Quenching efficiency of Cu²⁺, I⁻, CH₃NO₂, and dinitrobenzene to the pyrene label was investigated in the framework of Stern-Volmer plot. With increasing F_AMPS the quenching efficiency of Cu²⁺ is increased while that of I⁻ decreased. For the neutral quenchers, the quenching rate constant k_q increases when F_AMPS<0.449 then decreases, showing a decline of accessibility to the pyrene label. These results were interpreted consistently with the counterion condensation concept, where condensed counterions caused the polyelectrolyte chains to aggregate. The existence of less-polar “temporal aggregated domain” in highly charged polyelectrolytes appears to lead to the slower decay and lower accessibility of the pyrene labels.     

A Rapid Freeze‐Quench Setup for Multi‐Frequency EPR Spectroscopy of Enzymatic Reactions

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in combination with the rapid freeze‐quench (RFQ) technique is a well‐established method to trap and characterize intermediates in chemical or enzymatic reactions at the millisecond or even shorter time scales. The method is particularly powerful for mechanistic studies of enzymatic reactions when combined with high‐frequency EPR (ν≥90 GHz), which permits the identification of substrate or protein radical intermediates by their electronic g values. In this work, we describe a new custom‐designed micro‐mix rapid freeze‐quench apparatus, for which reagent volumes for biological samples as small as 20 μL are required. The apparatus was implemented with homemade sample collectors appropriate for 9, 34, and 94 GHz EPR capillaries (4, 2, and 0.87 mm outer diameter, respectively) and the performance was evaluated. We demonstrate the application potential of the RFQ apparatus by following the enzymatic reaction of PpoA, a fungal dioxygenase producing hydro(pero)xylated fatty acids. The larger spectral resolution at 94 GHz allows the discernment of structural changes in the EPR spectra, which are not detectable in the same samples at the standard 9 GHz frequency.     

Phase separation induced by shear quenching in polymer blends with a diblock copolymer

The effects of adding A–B diblock copolymer to a polymer blend (A/B) on phase‐separation kinetics and morphology have been investigated in a fixed shallow‐quench condition (ΔT = 1.5 °C) by in situ time‐resolved light scattering and phase‐contrast optical microscopy. A shear‐quench technique was used in this study instead of a conventional temperature‐quench method. Mixtures of nearly monodisperse low relative‐molecular masses of polybutadiene (M_w = 2.8 kg/mol), polystyrene (M_w = 2.6 kg/mol), and a near‐symmetric butadiene–styrene diblock copolymer (M_w = 6.3 kg/mol) as an interfacial modifier were studied. We observed that the addition of the diblock copolymer could either retard or accelerate the phase‐separation kinetics depending on the concentration of the diblock copolymer in the homopolymer blends. In contrast to the conventional temperature quench, we observed complex phase‐separation kinetics in the intermediate and late stages of phase separation by the shear‐quench technique. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 39: 819–830, 2001     

高磁场大分离间隙的高温和低温超导磁体失超特性分析

本文使用失超分析软件Opera3D对低温和高温超导磁体进行失超分析.这个超导磁体具有两个相互垂直的室温孔,磁体的中心磁场为8～10T.为了合理保护超导磁体,通过变换加热器不同的加热功率密度和加热时间,改变保护电路参数等设置,分析各不同方案计算结果的区别,总结规律,为满足工程需求提出更优的失超保护方案.     

Analysis of superconducting cavity quench events at SSRF

Quench is important and dangerous to superconducting RF cavities. This paper illustrates the mechanism of quench and how a quench detector works, and analyzes the quench events happening during beam operations and cavity conditioning. We find that the quench protection is mostly triggered by some reasons such as fluctuation of cavity voltage, multipacting or arc, rather than a real cavity thermal breakdown. The results will be beneficial to optimize the operation parameters of superconducting cavities, to discover the real reasons for beam trip by quench interlock, and to improve the operation stability of superconducting RF systems.     

Fractionation of HDPE on quench cooling

In a previous paper we discussed co-crystallization in a LDPE/HDPE blend using TREF and DSC. As part of that study it was observed that pure HDPE showed an unexpected fractionation behavior when quench crystallized in TREF. The overall peak broadened and two peaks appeared instead of the previously observed single peak for slow cooled HDPE.The development of two peaks was observed for all commercial HDPEs investigated, independent of their melting indices and densities. TREF and GPC were used in an attempt to evaluate the origin of the two HDPE components.The authors appreciate support from CAPES-BRAZIL (C.A.F.). Additional thanks go to Dr. G. W. Knight in Dow Chemical Company for kindly providing the polymer samples and performing the GPC analysis.     

荧光猝灭法研究苯乙烯氧化物与DNA的相互作用

荧光猝灭法是一种可以研究苯化合物与ＤＮＡ相互作用的动态过程的方法。研究结果表明，苯乙烯氧化物与ＤＮＡ的相互作用与苯乙烯氧化物浓度的关系服从动力学一级方程。     

场致发射阳极用钨网的寿命特性分析

 通过扫描电镜分析和实验验证，分析了场致发射阳极用钨网被破坏的成因。对钨网进行淬火处理，使钨网表面形成一定厚度的氧化膜，可显著提高钨网使用寿命。不同的淬火温度,将使钨网表面形成不同厚度的氧化膜。实验结果表明，氧化膜厚度的改变，将明显影响钨网的使用寿命。当脉宽90ns、束流6kA、能量1MeV的电子束透过钨网时，钨网表面的氧化膜厚度选在0.4μm左右为宜。     

有机/LRH复合体的合成及荧光性质研究

通过均匀沉淀法制备了硝酸根型层状铕氢氧化物（NO3--LEuH）,采用离子交换法将层间阴离子NO3-交换为苯丙氨酸（PHE）,得到了PHE/LRH复合体,并研究了其荧光性质.前躯体和复合体均有Eu3＋的5 D0-7FJ跃迁发射峰,在室温下发射出Eu3＋的特征红光,发射光谱峰位基本一致,但与NO3--LEuH相比,PHE/LRH复合体的发射峰强度大大减弱,表明将PHE引入LEuH层间对Eu3＋的荧光有猝灭作用.