Application of microcrystalline cellulose as an efficient and cheap sorbent for the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater before HPLC–MS/MS determination

A dispersive solid-phase extraction method based on a new sorbent has been performed on plasma and wastewater samples to determine metoprolol by high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In this study, the analyte was adsorbed from the samples onto microcrystalline cellulose as a green and efficient sorbent and then eluted for use in the determination step. In the mass spectrometer, the analyte was detected in the positive mode and selectivity of the analysis was increased by sequential mass analysis through multiple reaction monitoring. All of the effective parameters in the extraction of metoprolol from plasma and wastewater were optimized. Under optimal conditions the method was linear in the ranges of 1–1,000 and 0.1–1,000 ng/ml in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The detection limits of the method were 0.30 and 0.03 ng/ml in plasma and wastewater samples, respectively. The data showed that the method provides low detection limit, wide linear range, good precision and high extraction recovery. Finally several plasma and wastewater samples were successfully analyzed using the method. The use of a small amount of a green and inexpensive sorbent and a low volume of plasma without the need for further pretreatment steps are the main advantages of the method.     

提高微晶硅薄膜太阳电池效率的研究

采用甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备了系列微晶硅薄膜太阳电池，指出了气体总流量和背反射电极的类型对电池性能参数的影响.电池的I-V测试结果表明：随反应气体总流量的增加，对应电池的短路电流密度、开路电压和填充因子都有很大程度的提高，结果使得电池的光电转换效率得以提高.另外，ZnO/Ag/Al背反射电极能明显提高电池的短路电流密度，进而也提高了电池的光电转换效率.对气体总流量和背反射电极类型影响电池效率的原因进行了分析. 关键词： 微晶硅薄膜太阳电池 气体流量 ZnO/Ag/Al背反射电极     

Spectrophotometric determination of copper after adsorption of its 1-phenyl-4,4,6-trimethyl(1H, 4H)-pyrimidine-2-thiol complex onto microcrystalline naphthalene

A selective Spectrophotometric method has been developed for the trace determination of copper after adsorption of its 1-phenyl-4,4,6-trimethyl(1H, 4H)-pyrimidine-2-thiol (PTPT) complex onto microcrystalline naphthalene. The complex is quantitatively adsorbed on naphthalene in the pH range 7.5–11.5, separated by filtration, dissolved in dimethylformamide (DMF) and determined spectrophotometrically at 400 nm. Beer's law is obeyed in the concentration range 2.5–37.5 g of copper in 10 ml of DMF. The molar absorptivity and Sandell's sensitivity are 1.30 × 10⁴1 · mol^–1 · cm^–1 and 0.0048g cm^–2, respectively. Ten replicate analyses of a solution containing 20.0 g of copper gave a mean absorbance of 0.410 with a relative standard deviation of 0.91 %. The interferences of various ions have been studied and the method has been validated by the determination of copper in various standard reference materials, beers, wines, human hair, goat liver and environmental samples.On leave from St. Stephen's College, Delhi 110 007, India     

1H-NMR Relaxation of Water Molecules in the Aqueous Microcrystalline Cellulose Suspension Systems and Their Viscosity

An intensive study for aqueous microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) suspensions was carried out in view of the relationship between a viscosity and a 1H spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of water. An investigation was carried out for four suspension systems with the different particle size distributions. The proton mole ratio () of bound water against MCC particles and T2 of bound water (T2,b) were evaluated from the T2 values obtained by Carr-Purcell- Meiboom-Gill (C.P.M.G) method and those by solid echo method, respectively. As a result of these analyses, the T2,b value for the aqueous MCC suspension was evaluated as 5 × 10–3 s and it was found that the system having a larger tended to show a higher viscosity. By relating the above results to the observation of the suspensions by an optical microscope, it was concluded that a network formed by MCC particles plays an important role in generating a high viscosity of MCC suspension, and that an averaged mobility of water molecules is sensitively affected by the network structure.     

Possibilities of nitric acid preparation of powder cellulose forms

For preparation of various modified forms of microcrystalline cellulose, an optional combination is proposed of hydrolytic activity with other properties of nitric acid such as, adduct forming ability (manifested as Knecht compound formation), oxidizing, bleaching and nitrating. The manifestation of a chosen acid function is reached by variation of the reaction conditions: concentration, temperature, time, etc. The sole-reagent continuous procedure involving several operations made in a predetermined sequence allows the use of a more simple technological scheme and saves energy, time and materials. The features of transformation of fibrous and microcrystalline forms of native cellulose into cellulose-II through the Knecht compound are discussed. Purely acidic transformation schemes of native cellulose into microcrystalline cellulose hydrate and amorphous low-nitrate powder cellulose according to the above scheme are considered. Morphological features as well as distinguishing properties — enhanced hydrophilicity, sorption activity and degree of whiteness — of the prepared materials are pointed out. The possibility of obtaining uniformly oxidized forms of powder cellulose according to this scheme and the outlook for the use of nitrogen(IV) oxide as a multifunctional reagent are discussed.     

Fabrication and characterization of zinc oxide anti-reflective coating on flexible thin film microcrystalline silicon solar cell

This paper studies the fabrication and characterization of 80 nm zinc oxide anti-reflective coating (ARC) on flexible 1.3 μm thin film microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si) solar cell. High resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) shows a c-axis oriented ZnO (0 0 2) peak (hexagonal crystal structure) at 34.3° with full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 0.3936°. Atomic force microscope (AFM) measures high surface roughness root-mean-square (RMS) of the layer (50.76 nm) which suggests scattering of the incident light at the front surface of the solar cell. UV–vis spectrophotometer illustrates that ZnO ARC has optical transmittance of more than 80% in the visible and infra-red (IR) regions and corresponds to band gap (E_g) of 3.3 eV as derived from Tauc equation. Inclusion of ZnO ARC successfully suppresses surface reflectance from the cell to 2% (at 600 nm) due to refractive index grading between the Si and the ZnO besides quarter-wavelength (λ/4) destructive interference effect. The reduced reflectance and effective scattering effect of the incident light at the front side of the cell are believed to be the reasons why short-circuit current (I_sc) and efficiency (η) of the cell improve.     

温和条件下元素对M~(2+)/Fe~(2+)/Fe~(3+)-LDHs转化成尖晶石铁氧体过程的影响(英文)

研究了二价金属离子在温和条件下(低于100℃,暴露于空气中)从水滑石M2+/Fe2+/Fe3+-LDHs(M=Co,Ni,Mn,Zn)转化成尖晶石铁氧体的过程中所起的作用。结果表明,该转化过程不仅与晶化温度有关,还与M2+在元素周期表中所处的位置有关。当这些二价金属离子处于同一周期并且相邻较近时,M2+的半径越大,水滑石微晶向尖晶石铁氧体的转化就越容易。此外,Fe2+在转化过程中起着至关重要的作用,如果没有Fe2+的参与,在此条件下的转化将无法进行。     

The influence of boron concentrations on structural properties in disorder silicon films

In this work we present a detailed structural of a series of B-doped hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H) films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) and B-doped polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) films produced by step-by-step laser crystallization process from amorphous silicon. The influence of doping on the structural properties and structural changes during the sequential crystallization processes were monitored by Raman spectroscopy. Unlike μc-Si:H films, that consist of a two-phase mixture of amorphous and ordered Si, partially crystallized sample shows a stratified structure with polycrystalline silicon layer at the top of an amorphous layer. With increasing doping concentration the LO-TO phonon line in poly-Si shift to smaller wave numbers and broadens asymmetrically. The results are discussed in terms of resonant interaction between optical phonons and direct intraband transitions known as a Fano resonance. In μc-Si:H films, on the other hand, the Fano effect is not observed. The increase of doping in μc-Si:H films suppressed the crystalline volume fraction, which leads to an amorphization in the film structure. The structural variation in both μc-Si:H and poly-Si films leads to a change in hydrogen bonding configuration.     

单室沉积非晶硅/非晶硅/微晶硅三叠层太阳电池的研究

在产业化比较成熟的单室沉积非晶硅薄膜太阳电池基础上,进行了非晶硅/非晶硅/微晶硅三叠层太阳电池性能优化的研究.在生产线上纯单室沉积的非晶硅/非晶硅叠层太阳电池基础上,通过调节n-p隧穿结并采用自行研制开发的单室微晶硅底电池的沉积路线,获得了单室沉积的光电转换效率达到9.52%的非晶硅/非晶硅/微晶硅三叠层太阳电池. 关键词： 硅基薄膜太阳电池 三叠层 微晶硅     

Luminescence quantum yield determination for molecules adsorbed onto solid powdered particles.

A new methodology for the determination of the fluorescence quantum yield of dyes adsorbed onto microcrystalline cellulose is presented and applied to rhodamine 101, cresyl violet and auramine O. It is based on a previously reported method by Ruetten and Thomas (J. Phys. Chem., 1998, 102, 598-606), which is not applicable to the dyes used in the present study. It uses ground-state diffuse reflectance spectra obtained with and without filters, which prevents the luminescence of the dye from reaching the integrating sphere and the photodetector. New equations are presented here, correcting for the fluorescence emission of the dye, which depends on the detector sensitivity. Cut-on filters, which have a transmittance close to unity in the absorption region, and close to zero in the emission region, of the dye are used to obtain corrected reflectance spectra. The influence of the substrate was also taken into account. This methodology may be applied to other probes and surfaces or emissions of a different nature (i.e., phosphorescence or delayed fluorescence), and constitutes a very simple and general procedure to solve the important problem of luminescence quantum yield determination of probes adsorbed onto solid powdered surfaces.