Selective C-alkylation Between Alcohols Catalyzed by N-Heterocyclic Carbene Molybdenum

The first implementation of a molybdenum complex with an easily accessible bis-N-heterocyclic carbene ligand to catalyze β-alkylation of secondary alcohols via borrowing-hydrogen (BH) strategy using alcohols as alkylating agents is reported. Remarkably high activity, excellent selectivity, and broad substrate scope compatibility with advantages of catalyst usage low to 0.5 mol%, a catalytic amount of NaOH as the base, and H₂O as the by-product are demonstrated in this green and step-economical protocol. Mechanistic studies indicate a plausible outer-sphere mechanism in which the alcohol dehydrogenation is the rate-determining step.     

Solvent-free epoxidation of himachalenes and their derivatives by TBHP using [MoO2(SAP)]2 as a catalyst

Himachalenes, sesquiterpenes isolated from the essential oil of Cedrus atlantica, are abundant and relatively inexpensive natural molecules of high interest, of which classical chemical transformations have enlarged the application potential. Solvent-free epoxidation using aqueous TBHP as an oxidant and [MoO₂(SAP)]₂ as a catalyst is performed herein for the first time with this family of natural compounds and with related halogenated derivatives.     

Molybdenum-catalyzed reduction of molecular dinitrogen into ammonia under ambient reaction conditions

Synthesis of transition metal–dinitrogen complexes and stoichiometric transformations of their coordinated dinitrogen into ammonia and hydrazine have so far been well investigated in order to achieve a novel nitrogen fixation under ambient conditions. As an extension of our study, the dimolybdenum–dinitrogen complex bearing PNP pincer ligands has been found to work as an effective catalyst for the formation of ammonia from dinitrogen, where 52 equiv of ammonia are produced based on the catalyst (26 equiv of ammonia are produced based on the molybdenum atom of the catalyst). This is the most effective catalytic reaction system for the formation of ammonia from molecular dinitrogen catalyzed by transition metal–dinitrogen complexes as catalysts under ambient reaction conditions. Herein, we describe recent results concerning the catalytic reaction, including the proposed reaction pathway.     

Catalytic Activity of Molybdenum Complexes Bearing PNP-Type Pincer Ligand toward Ammonia Formation

We newly designed and prepared a novel molybdenum complex bearing a 4-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]pyridine-based PNP-type pincer ligand, based on the bond dissociation free energies (BDFEs) of the N−H bonds in molybdenum-imide complexes bearing various substituted pyridine-based PNP-type pincer ligands. The complex worked as an excellent catalyst toward ammonia formation from the reaction of an atmospheric pressure of dinitrogen with samarium diiodide as a reductant and water as a proton source under ambient reaction conditions, where up to 3580 equivalents of ammonia were formed based on the molybdenum atom of the catalyst. The catalytic activity was significantly improved by one order of magnitude larger than that observed when using the complex before modification.     

High-performance Flexible Symmetric Supercapacitor Based on Heterostructured PANI@MoS2 Nanocomposite Electrode

Three-dimensional (3D) heterostructured molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂) is used as base materials for aniline monomer in situ polymerization on its surface. It is found that the aniline addition has a remarkable effect on the energy storage of the final compounds due to the improvement of the conductivity and structure stability combined with the synergistic effect between the two types of species. The optimal compound of PANI@MoS₂-150 not only shows a high capacitance value of 801.4 F ⋅ g⁻¹ at a current density of 0.5 A ⋅ g⁻¹ but also provides a high retention rate of 77.4 % after 10,000 cycles. The capacitance fading may be due to the increase of the internal resistance analyzed by EIS. Furthermore, a flexible symmetric supercapacitor based on PANI@MoS₂-150 has also been fabricated and the specific capacitance reaches 105 F ⋅ g⁻¹ at a current density of 1 A ⋅ g⁻¹. Impressively, the capacitance retention is larger than 100 % undergoing 10,000 cycles. Besides, the highest energy density of 21 Wh ⋅ kg⁻¹ was obtained. Additionally, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor demonstrates excellent flexibility.     

纳米二硫化钼的掺杂及催化电解水产氢的研究进展

电催化水分解制氢是可以形成闭环的生产过程, 起始原料与副产物均为水、 过程清洁无污染, 是极具希望的产氢策略. 目前制约其发展的瓶颈之一是价格昂贵的Pt基贵金属催化剂. 为推动电催化分解水制氢的普及, 亟待开发低成本非贵金属催化剂. 在众多备选非贵金属催化材料中, 纳米层状结构二硫化钼(MoS₂)因催化效果可期、 价格低而获得了广泛关注. 然而, 通常条件下易于获得的层状结构2H相MoS₂大面积的基面部分显示惰性, 仅在片层边缘处存在少量活性位点, 且导电性较差, 因而尚不能替代Pt基催化剂, 而如何增加其活性位点数量和提高其导电性成为亟待解决的问题; 另一方面, 1T相MoS₂虽然活性高、 导电性好, 但却存在制备困难及稳定性差的问题. 鉴于此, 研究者通过对纳米MoS₂进行掺杂改性实现了其活性与稳定性的有效提升. 本文对非贵金属纳米MoS₂催化剂掺杂改性的方法、 机理及其电催化水解制氢性能的相关研究进行了总结与讨论. 作为典型的非贵金属电解水析氢催化剂, MoS₂具有巨大发展潜力, 本文能够对相关非贵金属催化剂的研发提供有益的参考.     

碳掺杂六方氮化硼/二硫化钼吸附还原六价铬和助催化降解有机污染物

针对二硫化钼(MoS₂)因易团聚导致去除六价铬[Cr(Ⅵ)]容量低的问题, 利用六方氮化硼(BN)良好的吸附性和化学稳定性, 以多巴胺作为BN改性剂, 通过煅烧法和水热法制得碳掺杂六方氮化硼(c-BN)负载MoS₂纳米复合材料(c-BN@MoS₂). 研究了室温条件下c-BN@MoS₂对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附还原和助催化降解有机污染物的性能. 实验结果表明, c-BN@MoS₂在40 min内对50 mg/L的Cr(Ⅵ)吸附还原去除率高达95%以上, 且以将 Cr(Ⅵ)还原至Cr(Ⅲ)为主, 在pH值为2、 温度为25 ℃条件下去除Cr(Ⅵ)最大容量可达401 mg/g, 显著高于 MoS₂(98 mg/g). 分析显示, c-BN不仅提高了MoS₂的平均孔径, 还可促进MoS₂生成金属特性的1T相, 有利于吸附Cr(Ⅵ)和加快氧化还原过程中的电子转移. 在Fe²⁺/PMS(过一硫酸氢盐)催化体系加入c-BN@MoS₂, 该体系对磺胺甲恶唑的降解性能明显增强, 其反应速率常数提高3倍, 这主要归因于c-BN@MoS₂明显加快了Fe³⁺到Fe²⁺的转变, 导致更多?OH产生, 达到增强降解污染物的目标.     

Electrochemical Sensors Using Two‐Dimensional Layered Nanomaterials

Two‐dimensional (2D) layered nanomaterials, e.g. graphene and molybdenum disulfide (MoS₂), have rapidly emerged in material sciences due to their unique physical, chemical and mechanical properties. In the meanwhile, there is a growing interest in constructing electrochemical sensors for a wide range of chemical and biological molecules by using these 2D nanomaterials. In this review, we summarize recent advances on using graphene and MoS₂ for the development of electrochemical sensors for small molecules, proteins, nucleic acids and cells detection. We also provide our perspectives in this rapidly developing field.     

Structures,DNA binding,DNA cleavage,and antitumor investigations of a series of molybdenum(VI) complexes with some N(4) methyl and ethyl thiosemicarbazone ligands

Four dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes were synthesized by reaction of [MoO₂(acac)₂] with thiosemicarbazones derived from 5-allyl-2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (1), 2-hydroxynaphthaldehyde (2), 2,3-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (3), or 5-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4). The ligands were coordinated to molybdenum as tridentate ONS donors. X-ray crystallography showed that the distorted octahedral coordination of molybdenum is completed by methanol (D) in 1a, 3a, and 4a or H₂O in 2a. The molecular structures of 1, 3, and 4, and the complexes were determined by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Binding of the ligand and complexes with calf thymus DNA were investigated by UV, fluorescence titrations, and viscosity measurements. Gel electrophoresis revealed that all the complexes can cleave pBR322 plasmid DNA. The cytotoxic properties of the complexes against human colorectal (HCT 116) cell line showed strong antiproliferative activities in relative order 4a?>?3a?>?1a?>?2a with IC₅₀ values of 1.6, 4.0, 4.8, and 6.7?μM, respectively. The complexes exhibited more activity than the standard reference drug, 5-fluorouracil (IC₅₀ 7.3?μM). These studies show that dioxomolybdenum(VI) complexes have potential use in chemotherapy.     

Mono and Bimetallic Complexes of Molybdenum(ii) and Tungsten(ii) Containing 4,4′-Diphenylenecarbonitrile

The complexes [MI₂(CO)₃(NCMe)₂] (M=Mo or W) react in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature with two equivalents of 4,4'-diphenylenecarbonitrile (dpc) to afford the new seven-coordinate complexes, [MI₂(CO)₃(4,4'-dpc-N)₂] (1 and 2) in good yield. Equimolar quantities of [MI₂(CO)₃(NCMe)₂] and PPh₃ give [MI₂(CO)₃(NCMe)(PPh₃)], which react in situ with 4,4'-dpc to yield the mono-4,4'-diphenylenecarbonitrile complexes, [MI₂(CO)₃(4,4'-dpc-N)(PPh₃)] (3 and 4). Treatment of the bis(alkyne) complexes, [WI₂(CO)(NCMe)(η ²-RC₂R)₂] (R=Me and Ph) with one equivalent of 4,4'-dpc in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature affords the acetonitrile displaced products, [WI₂(CO)(4,4'-dpc-N)(η ²-RC₂R)₂] (5 and 6). Reaction of equimolar quantities of [WI₂(CO)(NCMe)(η ²-PhC₂Ph)₂] and 2 in CH₂Cl₂ at room temperature gives the 4,4'-dpc-bridged complex, [WI₂(CO){WI₂(CO)₃(4,4'-dpc-N)(4,4'-dpc- N,N')}(η ²-PhC₂Ph)₂] (7) in good yield. Similarly, equimolar amounts of [WI₂(CO)(NCMe)(η ²-RC₂R)₂] (R=Me and Ph) and (4) react in CH₂Cl₂ to afford the bimetallic complexes, [WI₂(CO){WI₂(CO)(4,4'-dpc-N,N')(PPh₃)}(η ²-RC₂R)₂] (8 and 9). The new bimetallic 4,4'-dpc-bridged alkyne complexes, [WI₂(CO){WI₂(CO)(4,4'-dpc-N,N')(η ²-MeC₂Me)₂}(η ²-MeC₂Me)₂] [(10), [WI₂(CO){WI₂(CO)(4,4'-dpc-N,N')(η ²-PhC₂Ph)₂}(η ²-PhC₂Ph)₂] (11) and [WI₂(CO){WI₂(CO)(4,4'-dpc-N,N')(η ²-MeC₂Me)₂}(η ²-PhC₂Ph)₂] (12) are also described.